Page 1

Company Name : PBI

Product Description : Steam Pipe (Superheated)
Project Number : 2.494
PT. Basuki Pratama Engineering Drawing Number :-

Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe

Design Temperature 435,0 °C Cladding

Ambient Temperature 30,0 °C Fluid
Wind Speed 2,00 m/s Air

Insulation D1 D2 D3 D4
Pipe
Inside Diameter (D1) 97,1 mm
Pipe
Outside Diameter (D2) 114,3 mm
Thermal conductivity 43,57 W/m.K
Surface Emmisivity 0,9

Insulation Insulated Pipe

Type Mineral Wool Surface Temperature 45,2 °C
Thickness 100,00 mm Heat Loss 159,7 W/m
Outside Diameter (D3) 314,30 mm
Density 100,00 kg/m³
Thermal conductivity 0,0660 W/m.K

Cladding Bare Pipe

Type Aluminum Surface Temperature 431,2 °C
Surface Emmisivity 0,11 Heat Loss 6444,6 W/m
Thickness 1 mm
Outside Diameter (D4) 316,30 mm
Thermal conductivity 205 W/m.K

Calculation for Insulated Pipe

Iterations 1 2 3 4 5
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 30,5 44,92 45,15 45,16 45,16
Interface Temperature 1 t_interface1 °C 31 44,92 45,15 45,16 45,16
Interface Temperature 2 t_interface2 °C 434,0 434,91 434,90 434,90 434,90
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 30,5 37,46 37,58 37,58 37,58
°K 303,65 310,61 310,73 310,73 310,73
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0,0265 0,0271 0,0271 0,0271 0,0271
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1,87E-05 1,90E-05 1,90E-05 1,90E-05 1,90E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0,706 0,705 0,705 0,705 0,705
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0,00329327 0,003219485 0,00321827 0,00321825 0,003218249
Air Density ρ Kg/m³ 1,1639 1,1378 1,1374 1,1374 1,1374
Kinematic Viscosity ν m2/s 1,63E-05 1,69E-05 1,69E-05 1,69E-05 1,69E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1,01 1,01 1,01 1,01 1,01
alpha α m²/s 2,30E-05 2,40E-05 2,40E-05 2,40E-05 2,40E-05
Reynold's Number Re 38924 37390 37365 37365 37365
Rayleigh Number Ra 1367070 36676676 37188403 37196105 37196221

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 0,70 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 117,5 114,6 114,5 114,5 114,5
h_forced W/m².K 9,86 9,81 9,81 9,81 9,81
Free Convection Nu_free 15,87 41,64 41,81 41,82 41,82
h_free W/m².K 1,33 3,57 3,58 3,58 3,58
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 117,5 115,1 115,0 115,0 115,0
h_convection W/m².K 9,86 9,86 9,86 9,86 9,86
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 10,56 10,61 10,61 10,61 10,61
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 43,57 43,57 43,57 43,57 43,57
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0,00059 0,00059 0,00059 0,00059 0,00059
 Page 2
Company Name : PBI
Product Description : Steam Pipe (Superheated)
Project Number : 2.494
PT. Basuki Pratama Engineering Drawing Number :-

Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe

Insulation Resistance
Average Insulation temperature °K 505,65 513,0620712 513,178601 513,180357 513,180384
Insulation Thermal conductivity k_insulation W/m.K 0,06462 0,06595 0,06597 0,06597 0,06597
Insulation resistance r_insulation m².K/W 2,48 2,43 2,42 2,42 2,42

Cladding Resistance
Average Insulation temperature °K 303,90 318,07 318,30 318,31 318,31
Insulation Thermal conductivity k_cladding W/m.K 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00
Insulation resistance r_cladding m².K/W 4,9E-06 4,9E-06 4,9E-06 4,9E-06 4,9E-06
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 2,571 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Heat Flow Q W/m² 157,54 160,69 160,74 160,74 160,74
Interface Temperature T_interface1 °C 434,91 434,90 434,90 434,90 434,90
Interface Temperature T_interface2 °C 44,92 45,15 45,16 45,16 45,16
Surface Temperature T_surface °C 44,92 45,15 45,16 45,16 45,16
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 156,55 159,67 159,72 159,72 159,72

Calculation for Bare Pipe

Iterations 1 2 3 4 5
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 31,0 433,2 431,1 431,2 431,2
Bare Pipe Emissivity 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 30,5 231,60 230,57 230,58 230,58
°K 303,65 504,75 503,72 503,73 503,73
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0,0265 0,0410 0,0409 0,0409 0,0409
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1,87E-05 2,72E-05 2,71E-05 2,71E-05 2,71E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0,706 0,683 0,683 0,683 0,683
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0,00329327 0,001981159 0,00198522 0,00198519 0,00198519
Air Density ρ Kg/m3 1,1639 0,7002 0,7016 0,7016 0,7016
Kinematic Viscosity ν m²/s 1,63E-05 3,94E-05 3,92E-05 3,92E-05 3,92E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1,01 1,03 1,03 1,03 1,03
alpha α m²/s 2,30E-05 5,77E-05 5,75E-05 5,75E-05 5,75E-05
Reynold's Number Re 14066 5807 5827 5827 5827
Rayleigh Number Ra 129021 5149425 5169426 5169253 5169254

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 5,72 30,44 30,23 30,23 30,23
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 64,7 39,3 39,4 39,4 39,4
h_forced W/m².K 15,04 14,10 14,11 14,11 14,11
Free Convection Nu_free 8,31 23,13 23,16 23,16 23,16
h_free W/m².K 1,93 8,30 8,30 8,30 8,30
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 64,7 40,4 40,5 40,5 40,5
h_convection W/m².K 15,04 14,51 14,51 14,51 14,51
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 20,75 44,95 44,74 44,74 44,74
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 43,57 43,57 43,57 43,57 43,57
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0,00021 0,00021 0,00021 0,00021 0,00021
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 0,048 0,022 0,023 0,023 0,023
Heat Flow Q W/m² 8367,36 18029,96 17946,58 17947,30 17947,29
Interface Temperature T_interface °C 433,2 431,1 431,2 431,2 431,2
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 3004,59 6474,27 6444,33 6444,59 6444,59