Emailing Anthropology Syllabus

UPSC
ANTHROPOLOGY
TOPIC WISE PYQ'S
(1995-2022)
H.No.1-1-664/B, 2nd floor opposite

SBI &, Canara Bank Rd, beside
Gandhi Nagar Park, Hyderabad,
9000400939
Telangana 500080 WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
ANTHROPOLOGY SYLLABUS
PAPER‐I
1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.
1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences,behavioural Sciences, Life
Sciences,Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.
1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance : (a) Social-cultural
Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d)
Linguistic Anthropology.
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : (a) Biological and Cultural factorsin
human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-
Darwinian).
(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary
biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive
radiation, and mosaic evolution).
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and PrimateTaxonomy; Primate
Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary
and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man
and Apes; Skeletal changesdue to erect posture and its implications.
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following:
(a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—Australopithecines. (b) Homo
erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo
erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-
saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type). (d) Rhodesian man. (e) Homo
saoiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.
1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication,
ProteinSynthesis, Gene, Mutation,Chromosomes, and Cell Division.
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating
methods. (b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures : (i) Paleolithic
(ii) Mesolithic (iii) Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age
2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization;
Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.
2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept ofSociety; Society and Culture; Social Institution;
Socialgroups; and Social stratification.
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PAPER‐I
2.1 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage(endogamy, exogamy,
hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy,
polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential,
prescriptive, and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bridewealth and dowry).
2.2 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups;
functions of family; Types of family(from the perspectives of structure, blood relation,
marriage, residence, and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization, and
feminist movements on family.
2.3 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal,
Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety
and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation,
and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance.
3. Economic Organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;
Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing the production, distribution
and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution, and market), in communities, subsisting on
hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture;
globalization and indigenous economic systems.
4. Political Organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom, and state;
concepts of power, authority, and legitimacy; social control, law, and justice in simple
Societies.
5. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion(evolutionary,
psychological, and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths
and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant Societies(animism, animatism,
fetishism, naturism, and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico-
religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).
6. Anthropological theories:
(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British,German and American)
(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)
(d) Structuralism (L’evi-Strauss and E. Leach)
(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardinerand Cora-du Bois)
(b) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlinsand Service)
(c) Cultural materialism (Harris)
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PAPER‐I
(a) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)
(b) Cognitive theories(Tyler, Conklin)
(c) Post-modernism in anthropology.
7. Culture, Language and Communication : Nature, origin and characteristics of
language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social contex of language use.
8. Research methods in Anthropology : (a) Fieldworktradition in anthropology (b)
Distinction betweentechnique, method and methodology (c) Tools of data collection :
observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy, life-history,
oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. (d) Analysis,
interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic
principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin
method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical
methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal
and polygenicinheritance in man.
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-
Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation,
migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-
consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin
marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX),
intersex and other syndromicdisorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau,Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human
DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variationof non-metric and
characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological
basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
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PAPER‐I
9.6 Age, sex and population variationas genetic marker :ABO, Rh blood groups,HLA Hp,
transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse
rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different culturaland socio-
ecomomic groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Bio-cultural Adaptations—
Genetic and Non-genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental
stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious
diseases, Nutritional deficiency relateddiseases.
10. Concept of human growth and Development : Stagesof growth—pre-natal, natal,
infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. —Factors affecting growth and
development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-
economic. —Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations —Biological and
chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth
studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility
patterns and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and
mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthroplogy in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthroplogy,
Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Appliedhuman
genetics— Paternity diagnosis, geneticcounselling and eugenics,DNA technology in
diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
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PAPER‐II
1.1 Evolutionof the Indian Culture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic,
Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan,
Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribalcultures to
Indiancivilization.
1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks
and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3. Ethno‐archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and
Parallelsamong the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities
including arts and crafts producing communities.
2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic elementsin the Indian population
and their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram,
Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of
origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility,Future of castesystem, Jajmani
system.Tribe- case continuum.
3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.
3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.
4. Emergence, growth and development in India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and
early 20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to
tribal and caste studies.
5.1 Indian Village—Significane of village study in India; Indian village as a social system;
Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian
relations in Indianvillages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenousand exogenous processesof socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions;
Panchayati Raj and social change;Media and Social change.
6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution.
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PAPER‐II
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low
literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health and
nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of
rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals.Impact of urbanisation and
industrialization on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
Other BackwardClasses. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled
Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies :Impact of modern democratic
institutions, development programmes and welfare measureson tribals and weaker
sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among
tribal communities; Regionalism and demandfor autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social
change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal
societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and
othercountries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal
development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups),
their distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal
development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism
andethnic and political movements.
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ANTHROPOLOGY
EXAM PATTERN
MODERN GURUKUL FOR CIVIL SERVICES
TIME-3 HOURS
MAX MARKS-250
THERE ARE 8 QUESTIONS DIVIDED IN 2 SECTIONS

CANDIDATE HAS TO ATTEMPT 5 QUESTIONS IN ALL
QUESTIONS NO.1 AND 5 ARE COMPULSORY AND OUT OF THE
REMAINING, ANY THREE ARE TO BE ATTEMPTED CHOOSING AT LEAST
ONE QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION.
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PAPER -1
PYQ'S
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ANTHROPOLOGY MODERN GURUKUL FOR CIVIL SERVICES
PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1.1
1.1 MEANING, SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY. 1.2 RELATIONSHIPS
WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES: SOCIAL SCIENCES, BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES, LIFE
SCIENCES, MEDICAL SCIENCES, EARTH SCIENCES, AND HUMANITIES. 1.3 MAIN
BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY, THEIR SCOPE AND RELEVANCE:
(A) SOCIAL- CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY. (B) BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY.(C)
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. (D) LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.
1. Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the

field of other social sciences (20 Marks, 2021)
2. “The biocultural approach is the Hallmark of biocultural anthropology”.
Explain (10 Marks, 2021)
3. How can synergising the core branches of anthropology reinvigorate the
holistic spirit of the discipline. 20 M (2020)
4. Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological
Anthropology. 15 marks (2018)
5. Define Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology
elaborating on any one branch. (2017)
6. Critically examine the role of anthropology in Contemporary India.
(15Marks 2014)
7. The Relevance of Anthropology (2018)
8. Major subdivisions of Anthropology (10Marks 2014)
9. How do you situate Anthropology in SocialSciences? (10Marks 2013)
10. Write noteson the following in about 150 words each. 10 Marks
a)Differences betweenSocial Anthropology and Sociology. 10 M (201
11.“Anthropology is the systematic, objective and holistic study of humankind
in times and places”. Elaborate on the argument. (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1.4
1.4 HUMAN EVOLUTION AND EMERGENCE OF MAN: (A) BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL
FACTORS IN HUMAN EVOLUTION. (B) THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION (PRE
DARWINIAN, DARWINIAN AND POST-DARWINIAN). (C) SYNTHETIC THEORYOF
EVOLUTION; BRIEF OUTLINE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(DOLL’S RULE, COPE’S RULE, GAUSE’S RULE, PARALLELISM, CONVERGENCE,
ADAPTIVE RADIATION, AND MOSAIC EVOLUTION).
1. Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution. (15 Marks,
2021)
2. Elucidate how Darwin and post-Darwin theoriesof evolution resultedin the
development of Synthetictheory of evolution. 15 M (2020)
3. Explain the biological changesthat made humanbeings capable of making
cultures.20 marks (2018)
4. Critically examinethe Darwin’s theory of evolutionin understanding
Evolution.(15Marks 2015)
5. Biological Evolutionof early man (1997)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1.5
1.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMATES; EVOLUTIONARY TREND AND PRIMATE
TAXONOMY; PRIMATE ADAPTATIONS; (ARBOREAL AND TERRESTRIAL)
PRIMATETAXONOMY; PRIMATE BEHAVIOUR; TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY FOSSIL
PRIMATES; LIVING MAJOR PRIMATES; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF MAN AND APES;
SKELETAL CHANGESDUE TO ERECT POSTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
1. The losses and gains of erect posture (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Jane Goodall’scontributions in studying primatebehaviour. 10 M (2020)
3. Illustrate with examples the various typesof locomotion patternamong
non-human primates. 15 M (2020)
4. Adaptive primateradiation (2019) 10 marks
5. Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture.20
marks (2019)
6. Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss
their evolutionary significance. (2017)
7. Explain the skeletal changesdue to erect posture and their implications.
(2016)
8. Elucidate the skeletal differences between humans and chimpanzees.
(15Marks 2014)
9. Role of Primatology in Anthropological studies.(10Marks 2013)
10. Discuss the anatomical changesthat occurred in Man due to erect posture.
(1998)
11. Discuss primate locomotion with special reference to adaptation to arboreal
life. (1996)
12. Adaptive radiation in primates (1995)
13. Discuss different forms of primate social organization (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

UNIT-1.6
1.6 PHYLOGENETIC STATUS,CHARACTERISTICS AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
THE FOLLOWING: (A)PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS IN SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA -
AUSTRALOPITHECINES. (B) HOMO ERECTUS: AFRICA (PARANTHROPUS), EUROPE
(HOMO ERECTUS HEIDELBERGENSIS), ASIA (HOMO ERECTUS JAVANICUS, HOMO
ERECTUS PEKINENSIS). (C) NEANDERTHAL MAN- LA-CHAPELLE- AUXSAINTS
(CLASSICAL TYPE), MT. CARMEL (PROGRESSIVE TYPE). (D) RHODESIAN MAN. (E) HOMO
SAPIENS — CROMAGNON,GRIMALDI AND CHANCELEDE.
1. What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus?

Discuss its phylogenetic status? (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Critically evaluatethe contesting theoriesof the emergence and dispersalof
modern Homo sapiens. 20 M (2020)
3. Europeans are closer to Neanderthals’. Criticallydiscuss in view of the
African originof human kind. (2019)
4. Describe the culture relatedto homo erectus. 15marks (2018)
5. Write short notes of 150 words on Rhodesian Man (2016)
6. Describe the Salient characteristics & Geographical distribution of Homo
erectus.(2015)
7. Asian Homo erectus (10Marks 2014)
8. Comment brieflyon the phylogenetic position of Australopithecines
(10Marks 2012)
9. Neanderthal Man (15 Marks – 2011)
10. Describe major skeletal similarities & differences betweenHome Erectus &
Homo Sapiens(30 Marks – 2011)
11. Culture of Homo erectus (15 Marks – 2010)
12. Homo Habilis (20 Marks – 2009)
13. Distinguish betweenmajor categories of Australopithecines. How are
Australopithecines different from Apes?(30 Marks – 2009)
14. Discuss the single source Vs multiple sources of the origin of Homo sapiens.
Which one of the two hypotheses do you think is more tenable? Give
reasons in support of your answer (1995)
15. Should we still distinguish between classic’ and ‘progressive’
Neanderthals? ‘Discuss the controversy, surrounding Neanderthal’s
position in human evolution. (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1.7
1.7 THE BIOLOGICALBASIS OF LIFE: THE CELL, DNA STRUCTUREAND REPLICATION,
PROTEINSYNTHESIS, GENE, MUTATION,CHROMOSOMES, AND CELL DIVISION.
1. Write a short note on protein synthesis(2008)
UNIT-1.8
1.8 (A) PRINCIPLES OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY. CHRONOLOGY: RELATIVE AND
ABSOLUTE DATING METHODS. (B) CULTURAL EVOLUTION- BROAD OUTLINESOF
PREHISTORIC CULTURES:(I) PALEOLITHIC
(II) MESOLITHIC (III) NEOLITHIC (IV) CHALCOLITHIC (V) COPPER-BRONZE AGE (VI)
IRON AGE
1. Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European

Mesolithic (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Describe the features of early farming cultures and Neolithic of the Near
East. (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Thermoluminescence (TL) dating (10 Marks, 2021)
4. Natufian culture.10 M (2020)
5. Differentiate between lower palaeolithic and middle palaeolithic culture
with suitableexamples. 15 M (2020)
6. Discuss with examples the megalithic cultureof India in the
archaeological context. (2019)
7. Olduvai gorge.10 marks (2019)
8. Elucidate Mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from
India. 15 marks (2019)
9. Mesolithic rock art in the Indian subcontinent (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

UNIT-1.8
1.8 (A) PRINCIPLES OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY. CHRONOLOGY: RELATIVE AND
ABSOLUTE DATING METHODS. (B) CULTURAL EVOLUTION- BROAD OUTLINESOF
PREHISTORIC CULTURES:(I) PALEOLITHIC
(II) MESOLITHIC (III) NEOLITHIC (IV) CHALCOLITHIC (V) COPPER-BRONZE AGE (VI)
IRON AGE
1. Relative datingmethods . (2019) 10 marks
2. Discuss brieflythe major traditions in the Upper Paleolithic culturesof
Europe. 15 marks (2019)
3. Town planningof Harappan culture.10 marks (2018)
4. Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic
culture.15 (2018)
5. What are dating methods?Discuss one absolutemethod and one relative
methodsin detail. (2017)
6. Salient featuresof Mesolithic culture(2017)
7. Short notes on Neolithic Cultures of India (2016)
8. Delineate the salient featuresof Chalcoloithic cultures. (2016)
9. Paleolithic Culture(10Marks 2015)
10. Describe the Neolithic cultureof India. (15Marks 2014)
11. Describe the absolute dating methods in Archaeology, Highlighting the
importance of each method. (15Marks 2014)
12. Carbon-14 method of dating(10Marks 2013)
13. Problems of dating in Prehistoric Archaeology (1997)
14. Radiometric methodsof dating fossils(1996)
15. Chronometric dating methods (1995)
16. Why is the Neolithicphase of culture‘in Europe called revolution?
Describeits distinctive features.(1995)
17. Discuss with suitable examples the typo-technological problems in the
Indian paleolithic industry with reference to environmental hypotheses.
(2022)
18. Enumerate the evidence of animal domestication in the Indian
microlithic industry (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.1, 2.2
2.1THE NATURE OF CULTURE: THE CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE AND
CIVILIZATION; ETHNOCENTRISM VIS-ÀVIS CULTURAL RELATIVISM.
2.2 THE NATURE OF SOCIETY: CONCEPT OF SOCIETY; SOCIETY AND CULTURE; SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS; SOCIALGROUPS; AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.
1. Critically evaluate different types of social statification with suitable

examples (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Human rightsand cultural relativism. 10 M (2020)
3. Discuss Erving Goffman’s conceptof total institutions and it’s
relevancein contemporary society.15 M (2020)
4. Discuss Social stratification according to any three major approaches. 20
marks (2019)
5. Short notes on CulturalRelativism (2016,1995, 1987, 2019)
6. Is cultureunique to human beings? Critically examine. (15Marks 2014)
7. Why the concept of Culture Relativism been so dear to Anthropologists?
(20Marks 2013)
8. Bring out the distinguishing features of cultureand civilization.
(15Marks2013) 5)
9. Cultural relativism and subsequent violation of Human rights?(15
Marks — 2010), 2006)
10. Components of culture vast and varied”. Explain this statement. (2002,
2007)
11. Culture trait and culturecomplex (1999)
12. Super organicview of culture (1998)
13. Pattern of culture (1998)
14. Acculturation and Contra – acculturation (1997)
15. Discus the historical and cultural contexts that led to superseding
ethnocentrism with cultural relativism in anthropology (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.1, 2.2
2.1THE NATURE OF CULTURE: THE CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE AND
CIVILIZATION; ETHNOCENTRISM VIS-ÀVIS CULTURAL RELATIVISM.
2.2 THE NATURE OF SOCIETY: CONCEPT OF SOCIETY; SOCIETY AND CULTURE; SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS; SOCIALGROUPS; AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.
1. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach & ethnocentric

approach in the study of culture” Discuss the logical premises of cultural
relativistic approach. (1997)
2. Society and culture (10Marks 2015)
3. Define Status & Role. Distinguish betweenAscribed and AchievedStatus.
(15Marks 2014) 17)
4. What is the basisof social stratification? Discuss with examples
(20Marks 2012)
5. Explain the concept of status and rolein anthropology (20Marks 2012)
6. Write a detailed note on polyandrous societies, citing Indian examples
(30 Marks-2009)
7. Social stratification (2000)
8. Social structure(1999)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.3
2.3 MARRIAGE: DEFINITION AND UNIVERSALITY; LAWS OF MARRIAGE(ENDOGAMY,
EXOGAMY, HYPERGAMY, HYPOGAMY, INCEST TABOO);TYPES OF MARRIAGE(MONOGAMY,
POLYGAMY, POLYANDRY, GROUP MARRIAGE). FUNCTIONS OF MARRIAGE; MARRIAGE
REGULATIONS (PREFERENTIAL,PRESCRIPTIVE AND PROSCRIPTIVE); MARRIAGE
PAYMENTS (BRIDE WEALTH AND DOWRY).
1. Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Ways of acquiring mate in Tribalsociety. 10 M (2018)
3. Discuss the Different formsof preferential marriagewith suitable
examplesfrom tribal societies in India. 15 M (2017)
4. Define marriage& describe the various types of marriagesin human
societies. (15Marks 2014)
5. Where do you situate ‘live-in relationship’ within the institution of
marriage? (15Marks 2013)
6. Ways of acquiring a spouse in simpler societies(12Marks 2012)
7. How does taboo serve as a means of social control? (15Marks 2013)
8. Incest Taboo (2006)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.4
2.4 FAMILY: DEFINITION AND UNIVERSALITY; FAMILY,HOUSEHOLD AND
DOMESTICGROUPS; FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY; TYPES OF FAMILY (FROM THE
PERSPECTIVES OF STRUCTURE, BLOOD RELATION, MARRIAGE,RESIDENCE AND
SUCCESSION); IMPACT OF URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
FEMINISTMOVEMENTS ON FAMILY.
1. Explain the impact of feminist movementon universality of marriage

and family structure. 15 M (2020)
2. Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movementson family in
India. (2016)
3. Define family and critically examine Universality of Family. (15Marks
2015)
4. Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movementon family.
(20Marks 2013)
5. Is familya social institution? (12Marks 2012)
6. What do you understand by Feminist movements? Discuss their
impacton family. (2002)
7. Critically commenton the forces and factors that have brought about
changes in the familystructure in recent times (1999)
8. Do you agree with the view that family is a ‘universal association’?
Critically examine the above statement. (1998)
9. Examine family both as a social group and as an institution. Describe
the functions of familyand household, Indicating there in the recent
changes. (1996)
10. Household and domestic group (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.5
2.5 KINSHIP: CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY; PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF DESCENT
(UNILINEAL, DOUBLE, BILATERAL, AMBILINEAL); FORMS OF DESCENT GROUPS
(LINEAGE, CLAN, PHRATRY, MOIETYAND KINDRED); KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY
(DESCRIPTIVE AND CLASSIFICATORY); DESCENT,FILIATION AND COMPLIMENTARY
FILIATION; DESCENT AND ALLIANCE.
1. Explain the structural analysis of Kinship as proposed by Levi-Strauss
(15 Marks, 2021)
2. Descent Groups (10 Marks, 2021)
3. How did Radcliffe-Brown and Lewis-Strauss studykinship in terms of
social structure. (2019) 15marks
4. Kinship Terminology 10 M (2018)
5. Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology. 15 M (2017)
6. Bilineal and bilateral descents. 10 M (2017)
7. Short notes on Lineage and Clan. 10M (2016)
8. Describes the cardinal pointsof descent and alliance theories.20 M (2016)
9. Double Descent (10Marks2014)
10. Various types of descent(10Marks 2013) (2008)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2.5
2.5 KINSHIP: CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY; PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF DESCENT
(UNILINEAL, DOUBLE, BILATERAL, AMBILINEAL); FORMS OF DESCENT GROUPS
(LINEAGE, CLAN, PHRATRY, MOIETYAND KINDRED); KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY
(DESCRIPTIVE AND CLASSIFICATORY); DESCENT,FILIATION AND COMPLIMENTARY
FILIATION; DESCENT AND ALLIANCE.
1. Describe types of kinship groups formed on the basis of different

principles. (20Marks2012)
2. What factorsare responsible for bringing aboutvariation in residence of
different societies? Explain how kinshipinfluences man’s sociallife. (30
Marks — 2010)
3. Segmentary lineageand territoriality (15 Marks – 2010)
4. Explain the salient features of Descent and Alliancetheories. Discuss
their relevance to the analysis and understanding of socialstructure
(2001)
5. Discuss the distinguishing featuresof unilineal, bilinealand bilateral kin
groups with Suitable examples in support of your answer. (1997)
6. Define kinship & throw light on ‘functional importance’ of kinship in
Anthropology (2003)
7. how the rules of descent contradict the principles of residence in a
matrilineal society, mentioning suitable examples. Discuss (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION: MEANING, SCOPE AND RELEVANCE OF ECONOMIC
ANTHROPOLOGY;FORMALIST AND SUBSTANTIVIST DEBATE; PRINCIPLES
GOVERNING PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE (RECIPROCITY,
REDISTRIBUTION AND MARKET),IN COMMUNITIES, SUBSISTING ON HUNTING
AND GATHERING, FISHING,SWIDDENING, PASTORALISM, HORTICULTURE, AND
AGRICULTURE; GLOBALIZATION AND INDIGENOUS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.
1. Modes of subsistence (10 Marks, 2021)
2. Pastoralism in India 10 marks (2019)
3. Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy.15 marks (2018)
4. With the help of appropriate example,explain the various forms of exchange
system.15 M (2017)
5. Discuss the principles governingproduction, distribution and exchange in
simple societies. 20 M (2016)
6. Horticulture (10Marks 2015)
7. Critically examinethe Formalists & Substantivists views on the applicability
of Economic laws in the study of Primitive societies. (20Marks 2015)
8. Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy(20Marks 2013)
9. Differentiate between Economics and Economic Anthropology (10Marks2013)
10. Discuss different modes of Exchanges in simple societies with examples
(30Marks 2011)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION: MEANING, SCOPE AND RELEVANCE OF ECONOMIC
ANTHROPOLOGY;FORMALIST AND SUBSTANTIVIST DEBATE; PRINCIPLES
GOVERNING PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE (RECIPROCITY,
REDISTRIBUTION AND MARKET),IN COMMUNITIES, SUBSISTING ON HUNTING
AND GATHERING, FISHING,SWIDDENING, PASTORALISM, HORTICULTURE, AND
AGRICULTURE; GLOBALIZATION AND INDIGENOUS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.
1. Critically examinethe debate betweenFormalists &Substantivists (30Marks

2011)
2. What stage is known as incipient stage of food production? Point out major
features of this cultural stage.Illustrate your answerwith suitable
examplesfrom a specific area in the old world. (30 Marks 2010)
3. Trade & barter (2005)
4. Critically discuss the formalist and substantivist approaches in the contextof
economic anthropology. (2005)
5. Ceremonial Exchange.(2004)
6. Kula Ring (2003)
7. Primitive economicorganization has severalpeculiar features relatingto the
production, consumption, distribution and exchange.” Discuss above
statement by providing appropriate illustrations. (2003)
8. Delineate the meaning and scope of economic anthropology and discuss the
principles that govern production, distribution and consumption in hunting
and gathering communities. (1997)
9. Debate between formalist and substantivist approaches (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-4
4.POLITICAL ORGANIZATION AND SOCIAL CONTROL: BAND, TRIBE, CHIEFDOM,
KINGDOM AND STATE; CONCEPTS OF POWER, AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY;
SOCIAL CONTROL, LAW AND JUSTICE IN SIMPLE SOCIETIES.
1. How do political organizations of simple societies establish power, authority

and legitimacy? (20 Marks, 2021)
2. How is the construction of power linkedto the notion of conspicuous
consumption and it’s impact on distributive justice. 15 M (2020)
3. How does customary law function in the tribal society? Discuss its
differentsources. 15 marks (2018)
4. Mention the characteristics featuresof band with suitableexamples. 15 M
(2017)
5. Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies. 15 M (2016)
6. Differentiate betweenState and Stateless Societies. (10Marks 2014)
7. Discuss the nature of Law and Justice in simple societiesciting suitable
examples.(20Marks 2014)
8. Band and tribal societies(12Marks 2012)
9. Chiefdom in tribal society(20 Marks — 2009)
10. Discuss mechanisms of social controlin simple societies citing suitable
examples. (2007)
11. Describe the evolution of Political Systems(2006)
12. ‘Primitive Society is governedby the traditional customary law’. Do you agree
with this statement? Explain. (1998)
13. Differentiate betweencentralized political systems and stateless political
Systemsand state how law & justice are administered in statelesssocieties.
(1996)
14. Discuss the mechanism of social control in different kinds of political
systems (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5. RELIGION: ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF RELIGION
(EVOLUTIONARY, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL); MONOTHEISM AND
POLYTHEISM; SACRED AND PROFANE; MYTHS AND RITUALS;FORMS OF
RELIGIONIN TRIBAL AND PEASANT SOCIETIES(ANIMISM, ANIMATISM, FETISHISM,
NATURISM AND TOTEMISM); RELIGION, MAGIC AND SCIENCE DISTINGUISHED;
MAGICORELIGIOUS FUNCTIONARIES (PRIEST,SHAMAN, MEDICINE MAN, SORCERER
AND WITCH).
1. Animism and Deep Ecology (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Critically explainthe anthropological approaches to religion 15 marks
(2019)
3. Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies. 20
M (2017)
4. Difference betweenscience and magic. 10 M (2018)
5. Short notes on Totemism 10 M (2016)
6. Critically examinedifferent Anthropological approaches to Religion. 15 M
(2016)
7. How do you relatethe concepts of ‘Sacred’ and ‘Profane’ in Durkheim’s
theory of Religion with a focus onthe role of Totem? (15Marks 2015)
8. Totemism (10Marks 2013)
9. Distinguish betweenreligion, magic and science(20Marks 2013)
10. Explain variousAnthropological approaches to study Religion(30Marks
2011)
11. Shaman, sorcerer, and medicine man (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6. ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORIES:
A) CLASSICAL EVOLUTIONISM (TYLOR, MORGAN AND FRAZER)
1. Critically evaluate Lewis Morgans’s classification of family (15 Marks,

2021)
2. How did Morgan explainthe Evolution of Marriage, Family and Socio-
Political organization & how did other Evolutionists disagree with his
explanation? (20Marks 2015)
3. How do Diffusionism & Evolutionism differ as explanations of Culture
change? (15Marks 2015)
4. Point out the differences in the conceptsof Classical Evolutionism and
neo- evolutionism in socio-cultural anthropology. Which stage of
Prehistoric culture is known as cultural evolution and why? (30 Marks
— 2010)
5. Universal CultureEvolution (2002)
6. Classical evolutionism (1997)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
B) HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM (BOAS); DIFFUSIONISM (BRITISH,
GERMAN AND AMERICAN)
1. Historical Particularism and Franz Boas (10 Marks, 2021)
2. Historical Particularism (10Marks 2015)
3. How do Diffusionism & Evolutionism differ as explanations of Culture
change?(15Marks 2015)
4. Culture area & Age area (Diffusionism) (2000)
5. Define ‘culturearea’. How did it help American diffusionists to understand
diffusionof culture? (1998)
6. Critically examine the Historical Particularistic approach of Franz Boas to
the study of culture. (1997)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
C) FUNCTIONALISM (MALINOWSKI); STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONLISM
(RADCLIFFE-BROWN)
1. Basic tenetsof structural-functionalism. (2017)

2. Short notes on Functionalism (2016)
3. What is functionalism? Discussthe functional approach to the
understanding of Religion. (20Marks 2014)
4. In what ways is Functionalism different from Structural Functionalism?
(20Marks2013)
5. Structural-functionalism (2008)
6. Describe the structural features of social life as suggested by Radcliffe
Brown in his theory of socialstructure. (2003)
7. Discuss the approaches of Radcliffe – Brown and Evans Pritchard to
Comparative Methodsin Anthropological Research. (2001)
8. What is meant by functionalism? Discussthe basic tenets of Malinowski’s
functionalism? (1999)
9. To Radcliffe-Brown function was the contribution an institution makes to
the maintenance of social structure’. Elucidate in the light of R.C. Brown’s
contributions to structural functional theory. (1998)
10. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown (1994)
11. Radcliffe-Brown’s ideas on status, role, and institution (2022)
12. Critically examine various anthropological interpretations of the Kula Ring
(2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
D) STRUCTURALISM (L’EVI - STRAUSSAND E.LEACH)
1. How do the concepts of binary opposites and exchange figure in Levi-

Strauss’ structural analysis of kinship? 15 M (2016)
2. What are the major criticisms of the theory of “Structuralism” as
propounded by Claude Levi-Strauss? (30 Marks-2009)
E) CULTURE AND PERSONALITY (BENEDICT, MEAD, LINTON, KARDINERAND

CORA –DU BOIS).
1. Discuss variousanthropological approaches to the study of personality and

culture. 20 M (2020)
2. What do you understand by the National characterStudy? Illustrate. 15 M
(2018)
3. Explain Ruth Benedict’s patternsof culture. 20 M (2017)
4. Discuss the relationship betweenculture and personality. (2008)
5. Critically discussthe contributions of Ruth Benedictto the study of culture.
(2004)
6. Discuss the contributions of Margaret Mead and Ralph Linton to the
analysisof the relationship between cultureand personality. (2001)
7. Discuss the contribution of Ralph Linton, Cora-Du-Bois and Abraham
Kardiner in the study of personality. (1999)
8. Culture- Personality (1996)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
F) NEO - EVOLUTIONISM (CHILDE,WHITE, STEWARD, SAHLINS AND
SERVICE)
1. Explain the theory of ‘Neo-Evolutionism’ (60 Marks — 2009)

2. Neo-evolutionism (1997)
3. What do you understand by Neo-evolutionism? Evaluatehow Leslie A
White’s approach is helpful in understanding culturalrevolution. (2000)
4. What do you mean by culturalecology’? Evaluate how Julian Steward’s
particularistic Approach is helpful in understanding multilineal evolution.
(1998)
5. Discuss the approaches of Leslie White, Julian Steward, and Marshall
Sahlins in the light of cultural evolution (2022)
G) CULTURAL MATERIALISM (HARRIS)
1. Cultural Materialism (15 Marks 2011), 2003,2019)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
H) SYMBOLIC AND INTERPRETIVE THEORIES (TURNER, SCHNEIDERAND
GEERTZ)
1. Elucidate the concept of “thick description” of Clifford Geetz with a suitable

example. (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Victor Turnerand liminality. 10 M (2020)
3. Critically examinethe contribution of Victor Turner and CliffordGeertz in
anthropology. 20 marks (2019)
4. According to Geertz, how does the cock-fight revealaspects of
Balineseculture? 15 M (2016)
5. What made Geertz’s Interpretative Anthropology distinct from Turner’s
Symbolic Anthropology? What does each of them mean by the terms Symbol
& Symbolic? (20Marks2015)
6. Bring out the contribution of Turner and Geertz in symbolic and
interpretive theories in Anthropology (15Marks 2013)
7. Critically examine the contribution of anthropologists in the interpretation
of Symbols (30Marks 2011)
8. Symbolism (2007), (1999)
9. Symbolic Anthropology (2001)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
I) COGNITIVE THEORIES(TYLER, CONKLIN)
1. Cognitive Anthropology (2002)

2. What is cognitive approach? Critically examine its implications in Socio-
cultural Anthropology. (1996)
J) POST- MODERNISM IN ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Explain the basic featuresof ‘Postmodernism’ in Anthropology. (20Marks

2015)
2. Post-modernism in anthropology (12Marks 2012)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.CULTURE, LANGUAGEAND COMMUNICATION: NATURE,ORIGIN AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE; VERBALAND NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL CONTEXT OF LANGUAGE USE.
1. Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss
language use in social and cultural settings (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. 10 M (2020)
3. Explain how variations in language usage related to social inequality. 20 M
(2020)
4. Explain the difference between‘Emic’ & ‘Etic’ and how does the difference
derivefrom the study of language? (10Marks 2015)
5. The relationship between Linguistics and Social-cultural Anthropology. 10
M (2019)
6. Critically examinethat the structureand content of language are influenced
by culture. 15 marks (2018)
7. Short notes on Non-verbal communication. 10 M (2017)
8. State the theories regarding the origin of spoken languages in human
societies both from Biological and cultural points of view. (30 Marks —2010)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-8
8. RESEARCH METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY:
A) FIELDWORK TRADITION IN ANTHROPOLOGY (B) DISTINCTION BETWEEN
TECHNIQUE, METHOD AND METHODOLOGY (C) TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION:
OBSERVATION, INTERVIEW, SCHEDULES, QUESTIONNAIRE, CASE STUDY,
GENEALOGY, LIFEHISTORY, ORAL HISTORY, SECONDARYSOURCES OF
INFORMATION, PARTICIPATORY METHODS. (D) ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION
AND PRESENTATION OF DATA.
1. Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological

research. (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Experimental ethnography. 10 M (2020)
3. How have interpretation and presentation of data changedfrom classical to
contemporary writingin anthropological texts?15 M (2020)
4. Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies.
15 marks (2019)
5. Evaluate participant observation in producinganthropological knowledge.
15 marks (2019)
6. Define ethnography and present abrief history of ethnography studies.20
marks (2018)
7. How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena?
Explain with suitable example. 20 marks (2018)
8. Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods.
15 M (2017)
9. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Learning and
Action (PLA) (2022)
10. Write the historical development of fieldwork tradition in anthropology
till recent times (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-8
1. Describe the evolution of Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology. 15 M (2016)
2. Field work tradition in Anthropology (10Marks2014)
3. Field work tradition in Anthropology (15Marks2011)
4. Discuss the different fieldworktraditions in anthropological research.
(1988)
5. Fieldwork traditions in Anthropology (1987,1985)
6. Genealogical Method(10Marks 2014),
7. Discuss the relevance of Case Study method of data collection. (20marks
2013)
8. Discuss the advantages and limitations of participant – observations as a
techniqueof data collection (20Marks 2012)
9. What do you understand by the following terms? (30 Marks — 2010) (i)
Systematicsampling. (ii) Stratifiedsampling. (iii) Multistage sampling.
10. Schedule and ‘Questionnaire’ in research methodology (20 Marks — 2009)
11. Discuss the importance of field work in anthropology and describe
varioustools of data collection (2008)
12. Critically examine the contribution of Positivist and Non- Positivist
approaches in Social ScienceResearch (2007)
13. Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) (2004)
14. Discuss the contributions of field work in the development of
anthropological conceptsand theories. (1999)
15. Trace the genesis and development of fieldwork in anthropological
research. Assess its importance in the development of Anthropology. (1998)
16. Examine the importance of observation as a field work technique in
Anthropology. Differentiate between participant & non- participant
Observation and analyze the problem of objectivity in participant
observation. (1996)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.1 HUMAN GENETICS : METHODS AND APPLICATION: METHODS FOR STUDY OF
GENETIC PRINCIPLES IN MAN-FAMILY STUDY (PEDIGREE ANALYSIS,TWIN STUDY,
FOSTER CHILD, CO-TWINMETHOD, CYTOGENETIC METHOD,CHROMOSOMAL AND
KARYO-TYPE ANALYSIS), BIOCHEMICAL METHODS,IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS,
D.N.A. TECHNOLOGY AND RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGIES.
1. Briefly describethe various methodsused in the genetic study of man. 20

M (2017)
2. Twin method in human genetics (10Marks2013)
3. What do you understand by Immunogenetics? Explainwith suitable
examples. (15Marks 2015)
4. Anthropological relevance of population genetics(20 Marks — 2009)
5. Thrifty genotype(20 Marks — 2009)
6. Pedigree Analysis (2007)
7. Genome Study ( 2007)
8. Discuss the areas in which the knowledge of human geneticscan be
applied. (2004)
9. Discuss the role of twins in nature – nurture problemsand illustrate your
answer with suitable examples (1999)
10. Define twins.Describe the methodsof diagnosis of twins. In what way are
twinsuseful in the study of human genetics? (1998)
11. Pedigree analysis in genetic counseling (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.2 MENDELIAN GENETICS IN MAN-FAMILY STUDY, SINGLE FACTOR,
MULTIFACTOR, LETHAL, SUBLETHAL AND POLYGENIC INHERITANCE IN
MAN.
1. Categorize Genes that influence human Survival. 10 M (2018)
2. What are the legal and sub-lethal genes? Explain(20Marks 2012)
3. Discuss monogenetic & polygenetic inheritance in man with suitable
examples(30Marks 2011)
SOON
SOON
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.3 CONCEPT OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND SELECTION, MENDELIANPOPULATION,
HARDY WEINBERG LAW; CAUSES AND CHANGES WHICH BRING DOWN FREQUENCY –
MUTATION, ISOLATION, MIGRATION, SELECTION, INBREEDING AND GENETICDRIFT.
CONSANGUINEOUS AND NON- CONSANGUINEOUS MATING, GENETIC LOAD, GENETIC
EFFECT OF CONSANGUINEOUS AND COUSIN MARRIAGES.
1. Genetic drift. 10 M (2020)

2. How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations? 15 M (2020)
3. Differentiate betweentransient and balancedgenetic polymorphisms.
Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations.
15 marks (2019)
4. Implications of mutation in evolution 10 M (2019)
5. Hardy-Weinberg Law. 10 M (2017)
6. Critically discussthe Mendelian principles and their application to human
populations. 15 M (2016)
7. Define Geneticpolymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable
examples.(15Marks 2015)
8. Discuss the factors affectinggene frequencies among human populations.
(20Marks 2014)
9. What do you understandby 'Genetic Load' in a population? How is it
measured and what are the importantfactors that can influence it?
(15Marks 2013)
10. What are the genetic effectsof Consanguinity? Give examples?
(20Marks2012)
11. Genetic Polymorphism (15Marks 2011) (S.N -2006)
12. Conditions necessaryfor the operationof hardy – Weinberg law (15Marks
2011)
13. Balanced and transient genetic polymorphism (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.3 CONCEPT OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND SELECTION, MENDELIANPOPULATION,
HARDY WEINBERG LAW; CAUSES AND CHANGES WHICH BRING DOWN FREQUENCY –
MUTATION, ISOLATION, MIGRATION, SELECTION, INBREEDING AND GENETICDRIFT.
CONSANGUINEOUS AND NON- CONSANGUINEOUS MATING, GENETIC LOAD, GENETIC
EFFECT OF CONSANGUINEOUS AND COUSIN MARRIAGES.
1. What is Balanced Genetic Polymorphism? How is it maintained in a

population? (30 Marks— 2010)
2. What is geneticload’ and what factors influence it? (30 Marks — 2009)
3. Inbreeding (S.N - 2008)
4. What do you understand by Hardy- Weinbergequilibrium? Discuss the
factors thatproduce and redistribute variations. (L.Q - 2008)
5. Problems of Inbreeding (S. N - 2005)
6. Genetic polymorphism and selection (S.N - 2003)
7. Describe the major causes of change in gene frequency of a population
(L.Q - 2003)
8. What are the statistical methods used in Physical Anthropology? (L.Q -
2001)
9. Mutation (S.N - 1998)
10. Discuss the concept of Mendelian Population’ and its application in the
study of anthropogenetic variations in India.(L.Q - 1997)
11. Discuss the role of evolutionary forces in creating human diversity (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.4 CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN MAN, METHODOLOGY.
(A)NUMERICAL AND STRUCTURAL ABERRATIONS (DISORDERS). (B) SEX CHROMOSOMAL
ABERRATIONS – KLINEFELTER (XXY), TURNER (XO), SUPER FEMALE (XXX), INTERSEX
AND OTHER SYNDROMIC DISORDERS. (C) AUTOSOMAL ABERRATIONS – DOWN
SYNDROME,PATAU, EDWARD AND CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROMES. (D) GENETIC
IMPRINTSIN HUMAN DISEASE,GENETIC SCREENING, GENETICCOUNSELING, HUMAN
DNA PROFILING, GENE MAPPING AND GENOME STUDY.
1. “Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with the human body and
mind.” Explain with suitable examples. (15 Marks, 2021)
2. How many numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to
geneticdisorders? 15 M (2020)
3. Describe the mechanism for structural anomalies of autosomes with
diagrams. 20 marks (2018)
4. Explain the significance of screening and counseling for genetic disorders.
(2016)
5. Down’s syndrome(10Marks 2015)
6. Discuss chromosomal aberrations in man illustrating with examples.
(15Marks2015)
7. Describe Turnerand Kline filterSyndromes (15Marks 2014)
8. Genetic Counselling (10Marks 2014) 7.Genetic counseling (12Marks 2012)
9. Discuss the chromosomal aberrations and manifestations of Klinefelter
and Turner syndromes (20Marks 2013)
10. Chromosomal deletions and numerical fluctuations may lead to gross
abnormalities in man. Discuss with the help of suitableexample. (30
Marks — 2010)
11. Genetic imprinting in human diseases (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.4 CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN MAN, METHODOLOGY.
(A)NUMERICAL AND STRUCTURAL ABERRATIONS (DISORDERS). (B) SEX CHROMOSOMAL
ABERRATIONS – KLINEFELTER (XXY), TURNER (XO), SUPER FEMALE (XXX), INTERSEX
AND OTHER SYNDROMIC DISORDERS. (C) AUTOSOMAL ABERRATIONS – DOWN
SYNDROME,PATAU, EDWARD AND CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROMES. (D) GENETIC
IMPRINTSIN HUMAN DISEASE,GENETIC SCREENING, GENETICCOUNSELING, HUMAN
DNA PROFILING, GENE MAPPING AND GENOME STUDY.
1. Discuss different types of sex chromosomal aberrations. (L.Q -2007)

2. What is Genetic Counseling? Discuss its relevancein the present day
context.(L.Q - 2006)
3. Klinefelter Syndrome (S.N - 2003)
4. Genetic counselling (S.N - 2002)
5. Discuss the relevance of human DNA profiling and Gene Mapping in the
prevention and cure of diseases. (L.Q -2001)
6. Genetic Counseling (S.N - 1998)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.5 RACE AND RACISM, BIOLOGICAL BASISOF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF NON-
METRIC AND METRIC CHARACTERS. RACIAL CRITERIA, RACIAL TRAITS IN RELATION TO
HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT; BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF RACIALCLASSIFICATION, RACIAL
DIFFERENTIATION AND RACE CROSSING IN MAN.
1. Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept? (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Racism and Eugenics. 10 M (2020)
3. with reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics
commonlyused for racial classification, make critical comments as to
whether’ Race’ is a valid concept.20 marks (2019)
4. Race is a Myth. Justifyits Present Day Relevance. 10 M (2018)
5. Concept of race. 10 M (2017)
6. Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races.
15 M (2016)
7. Differentiate between Race and Racism. What are three major races of
the world? Give importantbiological criteria used frequently for such a
classification.(15Marks 2013)
8. Discuss race Crossingin humans with suitable examples(20Marks 2012)
9. Is Race a valid concept? Critically assess the relevanceof racial
classification in the IndianContext. (30 Marks — 2010)
10. Racial Criteria (S.N-2006)
11. Race & Racism(S.N - 2004)
12. What is ‘race? Enumerate and discuss the factors responsible for the
formation of races. (S.N 1998)
13. Controversies of race (S.N - 1996)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.6 AGE, SEX AND POPULATION VARIATION AS GENETIC MARKER- ABO, RH BLOOD
GROUPS, HLA HP, TRANSFERRING, GM, BLOOD ENZYMES. PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS-HB LEVEL, BODY FAT, PULSE RATE, RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS AND
SENSORYPERCEPTIONS IN DIFFERENTCULTURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC GROUPS.
1. RH-blood group(2016)
2. What are genetic markersand what is their usefulness?
3. Why are blood groups considered as good genetic markers? Illustrate
with examples. (15Marks2013)
4. Discuss the role of ABO blood group system in resolving cases of
disputed paternity (20Marks2012)
5. Give a competitive account of the variations in hemoglobin levels and
respiratory functionsamong the populations Living under
differentenvironmental stresses (30Marks2012)
6. Genetics of HLA and organ transplantation (30 Marks — 2009)
7. Respiratory Functions(15Marks 2011)
8. ABO and Rh blood group distribution in humanpopulations (SN - 2008)
9. Evaluate genetic heterogeneity of ABC, Rh and Gm antigens.Discuss how
the principal Human groups can be distinguished on the basis of their
blood antigen characteristics(L.Q - 2000)
10. What do you understand by blood group systems? How is the HLA
system different from those based on red cell antigens? (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.7 CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. BIO-CULTURAL
ADAPTATIONS – GENETIC AND NON- GENETICFACTORS. MAN’S PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES: HOT DESERT, COLD, HIGH ALTITUDE
CLIMATE.
1. What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude

and cold climate. (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Describe the biocultural responses to extreme climatic events.15 M
(2020)
3. ‘Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature’. Discusswith
reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate. 20 marks 2019
4. Distinguish betweenadaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with
examples. 20 marks 20 M (2018)
5. Discuss the responsesand acclimatization to high altitudestresses. 15 M
(2017)
6. Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factorsin the bio-cultural
adaptations of human beingsto different environments. 20 M (2016)
7. Critically examinethe physiological responses and Acclimatization to
cold climate in man. (15Marks 2015)
8. What are the stresses at high altitudes? How do better cardiorespiratory
functions help the native highlanders in combating low environmental
pressure? (15Marks 2014)
9. Ecological Anthropology (10Marks2014)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.7 CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. BIO-CULTURAL
ADAPTATIONS – GENETIC AND NON- GENETICFACTORS. MAN’S PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES: HOT DESERT, COLD, HIGH ALTITUDE
CLIMATE.
1. Elaborate upon major human adaptations to heat and cold. (15Marks

2013)
2. Give a competitive account of the variations in hemoglobin levels and
respiratory functions among the populations Living under
differentenvironmental stresses (30Marks2012)
3. How does improvedaerobic fitness increaseexercise tolerance in warm
humid climates? Give suitable examples in support of your answer.
(20Marks 2012)
4. Native Highlanders are well adaptedto the High altitude environment.
Discuss (30Marks 2011)
5. Define adaptability. What bio-cultural adjustments do humans show in
coping up with stress at high altitude? (L.Q - 2008)
6. Examine adaptive significance of Human Variations in Tropical and
Arctic Climatic Zones. (L.Q - 2007)
7. Ecological Anthropology (S.N -2001)
8. Genetic Adaptation (S.N - 2000)
9. Define ecosystem. Explain with examples,how biocultural
adaptivequalities have helpedHuman survival in stressful eco-
conditions. (L.Q - 2000)
10. Discuss the mechanism by which the human body adapts to altitudinal
changesand other geographical stresses. (L.Q - 1999)
11. How are body size and shape related to climatic adaptation? Discuss the
ecological rules with examplesfrom human situations. (1997)
12. Biological adaptation (2002)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.8 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: HEALTH AND DISEASE.INFECTIOUS AND NON-
INFECTIOUS DISEASES. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY RELATED DISEASES.
1. Describe the impact of infectious diseaseson indigenous populations. 15

M (2020)
2. Critically examinethe demographic and epidemiological consequences
with rise in food production and sedentism. 15 M (2020)
3. Narrate evolutionof disease and major causes of ill health in human
populations. 15 marks (2018)
4. Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of
infectious and noninfectious diseases. (2016)
5. Epidemiological Anthropology (10Marks2014)
6. Discuss the role of anthropology in the understanding of health and
disease. What specific understanding is available with respect to
infectious and noninfectious diseases?(20Marks 2014)
7. What is meant by epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes
and consequences highlighting major health problems of our adult
population today. (15Marks 2013)
8. Epidemiological anthropology (12Marks 2012)
9. Briefly discuss the important causes for the variations in occurrence and
Intensity of parasitic disease among different populations (20Marks
2012)
10. Social concept of disease &Nutritional Anthropology
11. Nutritional ecology(1996)
12. What is meant by health? Is the burden of lifestyle diseases on the rise?
Justify your answer with suitable examples. (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-10
10. CONCEPT OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: STAGES OF GROWTH - PRE-
NATAL, NATAL, INFANT, CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, MATURITY, SENESCENCE. -
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT GENETIC,ENVIRONMENTAL,
BIOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC. - AGEING AND
SENESCENCE. THEORIESAND OBSERVATIONS - BIOLOGICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL
LONGEVITY. HUMAN PHYSIQUE AND SOMATOTYPES. METHODOLOGIES FOR
GROWTH STUDIES.
1. Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging (15 Marks,

2021)
2. Human adolescent growth spurt (10 marks, 2021)
3. Secular trend in human growth can be positivenegative or
neutral.Illustrate with examples. 20 M (2020)
4. Senescence. 10 M (2020)
5. Genetico-environmental factorsaffecting human growth (2019)
6. Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and
demerits. 15 marks (2019)
7. Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries
(2018)
8. Discuss Sheldon’smethod of somatotyping. (2017)
9. Describe the various methods of studyinggrowth highlighting their
merits and demerits.(2017)
10. Discuss different factors affecting growthand development in human
beings.(2016)
11. What is an Anthropometric Somatotype? Describe Heath & Carter’s
method of Somatotyping. (20Marks 2015)
12. What are the different stages of Growth?Describe any one of them in
detail. (20Marks 2014)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-10
1. Describe the patterns of human growthand development from birth to

maturity. (L.Q - 1995)
2. Differentiate between human growth & development and describe the —
variousstages of human growth. (L.Q – 2003)
3. Describe the stagesof human physicalgrowth and development and
discuss. The effect of nutrition and inbreeding on growth and
development. (L.Q -1991)
4. Longitudinal method of studyinggrowth (10Marks 2015)
5. Justify "Though human growth is under tight genetic controlbut it is
influenced by various environmental factors." (15Marks 2013)
6. Differentiation between Child Growth and Development. (10Marks 2013)
7. Differentiate between‘growth’ and ‘development’. List the
factorsaffecting human growthand development. (30 Marks — 2009)
8. Critically examine the role of nutritional, socio-economic & cultural
factors on human growthand development (L.Q - 2004)
9. Differentiate between human growth & development and describe the —
variousstages of humangrowth. (L.Q - 2003)
10. Critically discuss the factors affecting human growth& development.
(L.Q - 2005)
11. Define growth& maturation and discuss the different factorsaffecting
them. (L.Q-2001)
12. Discuss the effectof nutrition and inbreeding on growth & development.
(L.Q -1991)
13. Discuss Ageingand Senescence. Describeeither the biological or social
theoriesof Ageing. (20Marks 2014)
14. Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth (10Marks 2014)
15. Ageing and Senescence (10Marks2013)
16. Stages of human prenatal development. (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-10
10. CONCEPT OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: STAGES OF GROWTH - PRE-
NATAL, NATAL, INFANT, CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, MATURITY, SENESCENCE. -
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT GENETIC,ENVIRONMENTAL,
BIOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC. - AGEING AND
SENESCENCE. THEORIESAND OBSERVATIONS - BIOLOGICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL
LONGEVITY. HUMAN PHYSIQUE AND SOMATOTYPES. METHODOLOGIES FOR
GROWTH STUDIES.
1. Explain any to biological theories of ageing based on purposeful events.

(20Markers 2012)
2. Describe different methodsof studying human growth (30Marks2011)
3. Define Somatotype. Describe the salient featuresof Somatotype
(30Marks2011)
4. Senescence and socio-economics in contemporary times (15 Marks —
2010)
5. Distinguish between ‘chronological age’ and ‘biological age’ (20 Marks —
2009)
6. Discuss the theories of ‘Ageing’ (40 Marks — 2009)
7. Describe variousmethods of studyinghuman growth, specifying merits &
demerits.(L.Q2006)
8. Life table (S.N -2006)(S.N - 2005)
9. Methods of study of human growth.(S.N - 2002)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

UNIT-11
11.1 RELEVANCE OF MENARCHE, MENOPAUSE AND OTHER BIOEVENTS TO
FERTILITY. FERTILITY PATTERNS AND DIFFERENTIALS.
11.2 DEMOGRAPHIC THEORIES- BIOLOGICAL, SOCIALAND CULTURAL.
11.3 BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING FECUNDITY,
FERTILITY, NATALITY AND MORTALITY.
1. Delineate the factors influencing fertility in Indian population (Paper-II,
15 Marks, 2021)
2. Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity (15 Marks,
2021)
3. Discuss the biological factors influencing fertilityin light of the
relationship betweenfecundity and fertility.15 marks (2019)
4. Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertilityand
mortality. 15 M (2017)
5. Age at menarche. 10 M (2017)
6. Define fecundityand explain major factors affectingfecundity in Indian
populations. (15 marks,2018)
7. Menopause and its impact (10Marks2015)
8. Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause & otherbio events to
fertility. (15Marks2014)
9. Bioevents of fertility. (2008)
10. Menarche and Menopause (2001)
11. Demographic transition (10Marks 2013)
12. Fertility and Fecundity (10Marks 2014)
13. Distinguish between the terms fecundity’ and fertility’. Are the factors
influencing them distinguishable? Discuss.(30 Marks — 2010)
14.
15. Discuss the biological and socio-ecological factors influencing
fertilityand mortality. (2005)
16. Demographic Transition (2007)
17. Why Heath Carter used anthropometric measurements instead of
photographs of an individual to assess the somatotype? Elaborate on
their method (2022)
18. Critically evaluate the reasons for the reduction in age at menarche in
human females over successive generations (2022)
19. Discuss the contemporary population problems in light of various socio-
cultural demographic theories. (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-12
12.APPLICATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ANTHROPOLOGY OF SPORTS, NUTRITIONAL
ANTHROPOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY IN DESIGNING OF DEFENCE AND OTHER
EQUIPMENTS, FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY, METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, APPLIED HUMAN GENETICS –
PATERNITY DIAGNOSIS, GENETIC COUNSELING AND EUGENICS, DNA TECHNOLOGY
IN DISEASES AND MEDICINE,SEROGENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS IN REPRODUCTIVE
BIOLOGY.
1. What is Anthropometry? Discuss its role in assessing and the

nutritional status and sports capability of a person (15 Marks, 2021)
2. How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent
techniques (15 Marks, 2021)
3. What are the applications of human genomicresearch in human
welfare? 15 M (2020)
4. Ethics and Genetic Engineering. 10 M (2020)
5. Anthropological inputs infacial reconstruction (2019)
6. ‘Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life’.
Discuss in light of recent advancesin molecular anthropology. (2019)
7. Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defenceand other
equipment. (2016)
8. What are the methodsof personal identifications? Critically examine
how personal identification helps in criminalinvestigations. (2017)
9. Write short notes on ForensicAnthropology (2016 ,2007 ,2003,1997)
10. DNA Technology in Medicine(10Marks 2015)
11. Elucidate the role of Anthropology in selecting and monitoring of Sports
persons.(15Marks 2015)
12. Forensic Science can help in Criminal Investigations. Discuss. (20Marks
2015)
13. Application of anthropometry in designing (12 Marks 2012)
14. Discuss how anthropological knowledge of the human body may be used
in designing equipment and articles of human use (2022)
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PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-12
12.APPLICATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: ANTHROPOLOGY OF SPORTS, NUTRITIONAL
ANTHROPOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY IN DESIGNING OF DEFENCE AND OTHER
EQUIPMENTS, FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY, METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, APPLIED HUMAN GENETICS –
PATERNITY DIAGNOSIS, GENETIC COUNSELING AND EUGENICS, DNA TECHNOLOGY
IN DISEASES AND MEDICINE,SEROGENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS IN REPRODUCTIVE
BIOLOGY.
1. Briefly discussthe applications of the knowledge of Human Osteology in

forensic investigations. (20Marks 2012)
2. Personal Identification (15Marks2011)
3. Discuss the application of anthropological knowledgein designing equipment.
(30Marks 2011)
4. Explain the Anthropological knowledge ingenetic counseling, forensicscience,
sports, nutrition. (30Marks 2011)
5. Role of forensic anthropology in the field of personal identification. (15 Marks
—2010)
6. Analyse the various applications of anthropological knowledge to solve
Medico-legal problems and in the reconstruction of evidence. (60 Marks —
2009)
7. Discuss the role of anthropology n designing defence and other equipment’s.
(2008)
8. Briefly describe various applications of PhysicalAnthropology (2007)
9. Personal identification (2006)
10. Nutritional Anthropology ( 2005)
11. Discuss the areas in which the knowledge of human geneticscan be applied.
(2004)
12. Anthropology of sports ( 2004 ,1997)
13. Eugenics (2003)
14. What do you understand by Applied PhysicalAnthropology? Discuss The
applications of anthropometry in designing defence and other equipment’s.
(2003)
15. Evaluate the role of Serogenetics & Cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
(2001)
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MODERN GURUKUL FOR CIVIL SERVICES
PAPER -2
PYQ'S
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)

UNIT-1
1.1 EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION — PREHISTORIC
(PALAEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, NEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC CHALCOLITHIC).
PROTOHISTORIC (INDUS CIVILIZATION): PREHARAPPAN, HARAPPAN AND POST-
HARAPPAN CULTURES. CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRIBAL CULTURES TO INDIAN
CIVILIZATION.
1. Critically discuss the origin of Indus Valley Civilization. Mention the

evidences of its endogenous origin from the pre-Harappan sites (20 Marks,
2021)
2. Give the distribution and characteristic features of Upper Paleolithic culture
in India (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Harappan Seals (10 Marks, 20201)
4. Discuss the characteristic featuresof Neolithic-culture in India. 20 M (2020)
5. Discuss the Contributions of V.N.Misra to archaeological anthropology in
India. 15 M (2020)
6. Contributions of Robert Bruce Foote to Indian archaeology. 10 M (2020)
7. Debates on Aryan invasion.10 M (2020)
8. Distribution of neolithic sites inIndia. 10 marks (2019)
9. Describe the palaeolithic culture with special reference to Soanian tradition.
Indicate the problems of describe the Indian palaeolithic 15+5=20M (2019)
10. What has been the contributions of tribal people to the Indianindependence
movement. 15 marks 2019
11. What kind of societymay be reconstructed from the archaeological evidences
of Harappan culture.20 Marks 2019
12. Examine the regionalvariations of Mesolithic cultures of India. 20 marks
(2018)
13. Explain the contribution of tribal culturesto Indian civilization. 20
marks(2018)
14. Neolithic cultures of south India. 10m (2017)
15. Make a critical appraisal of Megalithic tradition in India with special
reference to North-East India. (2022)
16. Describe briefly the proto-history of Gujarat. Discuss the significance of
Gujarat proto-history in international trade. (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1
(PALAEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, NEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC CHALCOLITHIC). PROTOHISTORIC
(INDUS CIVILIZATION): PREHARAPPAN, HARAPPAN AND POST-HARAPPAN CULTURES.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRIBAL CULTURES TO INDIAN CIVILIZATION.
1. Describe the salient featuresof chalcolithic culturesof the deccan. 15m (2017)
2. Describe variousaspects of trade and religion of Harappancivilization.15m
(2017)
3. Give the detail appraisal of skeletal remainsfrom chalcolithic cultureof
undivided Punjab.(2016)20M
4. Short notes on Mesolithic findingsfrom Belan valley. 10 M (2016)
5. South Indian paleoliths (10Marks2015)
6. Prehistoric Rock art of central India. (10Marks 2015)
7. Discuss the significance of Harappan civilization sites from India. (15Marks
2015)
8. Neolithic culturesof NE India (10Marks2014)
9. Describe what is known of HarappanReligion. Have some of its elements
continuedinto later Hinduism? Discuss. (20Marks 2014)
10. Discuss salient features of Mesolithic culturein India with special reference to
western India. (10Marks- 2013)
11. Indian Paleolithic culture can neitherbe conceived chronologically
homogenous nor as a uniform cultural phase. Discuss. (15Marks- 2013)
12. Discuss the significance of study of religious centresto the understanding of
Indiancivilization. (20Marks - 2013)
13. Soan culture. (12Marks - 2012) (30Marks - 2011)
14. Paleolithic Art. (12Marks - 2012)
15. Compare the salient features and distribution of the Middle Paleolithic and
Upper Paleolithic cultures in India. Add a note on the tool traditions of the
Upper Paleolithic period.(30Marks - 2012)
16. Iron age in Gangeticregion (15Marks - 2011)
17. Describe the characteristic featureof Mesolithic culturesin India? (30Marks-
2011)
18. Neolithic Culture in India(15 Marks - 2010) (S.N - 2007) (L.Q - 1992)
19. Proto Neolithic(S.N - 1999)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1
(PALAEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, NEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC CHALCOLITHIC). PROTOHISTORIC
(INDUS CIVILIZATION): PREHARAPPAN, HARAPPAN AND POST-HARAPPAN CULTURES.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRIBAL CULTURES TO INDIAN CIVILIZATION.
1. Urban Planning in HarappanCulture (15 Marks - 2010)

2. Comment in detail on the socio-cultural life of the people of the Indus Valley
Civilization (30 Marks- 2010)
3. Examine GordenChilde’s statement ‘Neolithic_Culture is a Revolution (15
Marks - 2010)
4. Examine the contribution of Mesolithic cultureto the rise of Neolithicculture
(10 Marks— 2009)
5. ‘Langhnaj’ (S.N-2008)
6. Burzahom (S.N - 2006) Mesolithic culture is India (S.N - 2005)
7. Discuss the economic basis of Indus Valley Civilization. What were the factors
of its decline? (LQ - 2005) (L.Q - 2000) (S.N - 1994)
8. Typo-technology of IndianPaleolithic culture (S.N - 2004)
9. Critically examinethe contributions of tribal culturesto the development of
VedicCulture. (L.Q -2003)
10. Name a few Chalcolithic sites in India and describetheir most salient features.
(LQ - 2002)
11. Ecological adaptation during Mesolithic. (S.N - 2001)
12. Critically examine evidence of Upper Paleolithic in India, Discuss its
characteristics. (L.Q - 2001)
13. Critically examine various sources of India’s Culture & Civilization; also
distinguish betweenprimary and secondarycivilizations (L.Q 1999)
14. Sohanian Tradition (S.N - 1998)
15. Describe the socio Cultural characteristics of the Neolithic period in India
with suitableexamples (L.Q - 1998)
16. Components of cultureand its link with civilization (S.N -1997)
17. Neolithic tool typology and technology of fabrication (S.N - 1996)
18. Discuss the Culturalcharacteristics of upperPaleolithic period. Indicateits
genesis and development in Indian contextpointing to Distribution and
chronology (L.Q-1996)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1
1.2 PALAEO – ANTHROPOLOGICAL EVIDENCES FROM INDIA WITH SPECIALREFERENCE
TO SIWALIKSAND NARMADA BASIN (RAMAPITHECUS, SIVAPITHECUS & NARMADA
MAN).
1. Discuss the morphological features and phylogenetic position of

Ramapithecus (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Narmada man. 10M (2020)
3. Phylogenetic positionand morphological featuresof Ramapithecus. 10M 2019
4. Describe the salient featuresof Sivapithecus. 15 marks(2018)
5. Discuss the salient features of Ramapithecus.15m (2017)
6. Delineate the salient characteristics of ‘ Narmadaman’ and examineits
phylogentic significance.(2016)
7. Describe the Paleoanthropological fossil finds from Siwalik Hills. Examine
the contribution of Siwalik fossils to paleoanthropological knowledge.
(15Marks 2015)
8. Describe the evolutionary significance of the fossil finds of the
NarmadaBasin. (15Marks 2014)
9. Examine the debatesrelated to Ramapithecus. (10Marks - 2013)
10. Narmada Man. (12Marks - 2012)
11. Sivapithecus (15 Marks - 2010)
12. Importance of Siwaliks in Anthropology (20 Marks — 2009)
13. Paleoanthroplogical significance of Narmada Man (S.N - 2008)
14. Home erectusnarmadensis (S.N - 1993)
15. What are the arguments for excluding Narmada Man from Homo erectus
category? (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-1
1.3 ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY IN INDIA: THE CONCEPT OF ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY;
SURVIVALSAND PARALLELS AMONG THE HUNTING,FORAGING, FISHING,
PASTORAL & PEASANT COMMUNITIES INCLUDING ARTS AND CRAFTS
PRODUCING COMMUNITIES.
1. Discuss the importance of ethnoarchaeology in reconstructing the past citing

Indian examples. 15 M (2020)
2. Ethnoarhaeological analysisof hunting activities of contemporary tribal
communities. 10M (2019)
3. Ethno-archaeology as a research strategy. 10 M (2018)
4. Write short notes on Ethno-archaeology. 10m (2017)
5. Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditionsin the understanding of
Indianarchaeology. 15m (2017)
6. Ethno archaeological evidencesfor the survival of hunting-gathering
traditions. (2016)
7. Discuss the importance of the ethno-archaeological approachto the study of
indigenous craft in India. (15Marks 2014)
8. Colonial Ethnography. (12Marks- 2012)
9. New Archaeology (20 Marks — 2009)
10. Concept Ethno Archeology (S.N - 2008)
11. Pit-dwellers of Kashmir (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2
2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA: ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS IN
THE INDIAN POPULATION AND THEIRDISTRIBUTION. INDIAN POPULATION –
FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS STRUCTURE & GROWTH.
1. Cultural diversity and multi-culturalism (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Dravidian languages. 10 M (2020)
3. Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languagesin India. 10 M 2019
4. What are the various factors influencing population growth in India?Discuss.
15 marks(2018)
5. Write a shrort notes on Endangered Languages. 10 M (2018)
6. Write short notes on Austro-Asiatic linguisticgroups in India. 10m (2017)
7. Give your assessment of the reason for the imbalance in the sex-ratioin India.
20m (2017)
8. Short notes on linguistic elementsin Indian population. 10 M (2016)
9. Briefly describethe classical model of ethnic and linguistic classifications of
Indianpopulation. Discuss its relevance today. (15Marks 2015)
10.
11. Outline the distribution of Dravidian languagesin India and describe
theircultural significance. (15Marks 2014) (S.N - 1990)
12. Major linguistic divisions of India (10Marks2014)
13. Contribution of H. H. Risley to the ‘Aryan’ debate (10Marks 2014)
14. Negrito Elementsin India (S.N - 2000)
15. Controversy over the existence of Negrito racialstrain in Indian population.
(S.N - 1992)
16. Describe the methods adopted by Sir Herbert Hope Risley in classifying
Indian populations, what are the criticisms against Risley’s classification?
(2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-2
2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA: ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS IN
THE INDIAN POPULATION AND THEIRDISTRIBUTION. INDIAN POPULATION –
FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS STRUCTURE & GROWTH.
1. Critically examinethe factors responsible for the high population growth in

India and suggestsuitable measures for population Control.(30 + 15 Marks —
2010)
2. Discuss the relevance of Guha’s racial classification in the contextof India’s
ethnicgroups. (15 Marks — 2010) (S.N - 1991)
3. Mediterranean element in Indian Population (S.N - 2008)
4. The distribution of Indo-Aryan Languages(S.N - 2008)
5. Is Risley’sRacial Classification of Indian Population valid? Critically
discusswith the help of suitableexamples. (L.Q - 2008)
6. Describe Ethnic elements in the Indian Population focusing either on
Risley’sor Guha’s classification. (L.Q - 2007)
7. Write in brief about the populationgrowth of India, indicating its causes and
measures of its control. (L.Q - 2006)
8. Demographic transition in India (SN - 2004)
9. Bring out the inter relationship betweenpopulation growth and development
in the Indiancontext. (L.Q - 2004)
10. Age specific and sex specificmortality rates and dependant factors.(S.N 2002)
11. Discuss the major linguistic divisions in the India population. Also point out
the role of language in ethno politicalmovements (S.N – 1996)
12. Austroasiatic languages (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3.1 PURUSHARTHA, KARMA, RINA & REBIRTH.
1. Purushartha and righteous living today (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Use of karma and rebirth in justifying the varna system. 10 M 2019.
3. Philosophy behindPurusharthas. 10 M (2018)
4. Write short notes on varnashram and concept of rina.10m (2018)
5. Youth Dormitory. (12Marks - 2012)
6. Philosophy behindPurushartha (15Marks - 2011)
7. Purusharthas (S.N 2007)
8. Significance of Purushartha (SN - 2003) Karma (S.N - 2006)
9. Concept of Karma in relationto caste (S.N -2000)
10. Importance of Karma in Hindu Social System (S.N - 1996)
11. Varnashrama (S.N - 2005) Concept of Rina and Rebirth (S.N - 2002) (S.N -
1997)
12. Describe salientfeatures of traditional joint family systemin India.
Tracecauses for its disintegration in recent decades.(L.Q - 1999)
13. Discuss the basis of Indian SocialSystem. Do you find any change today?
(LQ-1998)
14. Examine joint family role in Hindu Social System& its impact on caste
system. (L.Q - 1997)
15. Varna and Buddhism (2022)
16. Dharma versus Religion (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3.2 CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA- STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS, VARNA
AND CASTE, THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF CASTE SYSTEM, DOMINANT CASTE,
CASTE MOBILITY, FUTURE OF CASTE SYSTEM, JAJMANI SYSTEM, TRIBE-
CASTE CONTINUUM.
1. Caste and social capital (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Relevance of tribe-caste continuum (10 Marks, 2021)
3. Concept of dominantcaste. 10 M (2020)
4. Explain the reasons of caste violencein India with suitable examples. 20 M
(2020)
5. Discuss the characteristics of caste systemin india. 20 M (2020)
6. The jajmani system and contemporary marketeconomy. 10M 2019.
7. Explain the significance of tribe-caste continuum in the presentcontext. 15
marks(2018)
8. Discuss the view that caste is not social stratification, but a system of
hierarchy. 15 marks(2018)
9. Based on historical and contemporary evidencesdiscuss the future of caste
system in India. 15 marks(2018)
10. Discuss the impact of marketeconomy on the Jajmani system. 20m (2017)
11. Examine the structural and cultural culturaltheories of caste system in
India. (2016)20M
12. Relevance of caste incontemporary Indian politics.10 m (2016)
13. What do you understandby the dynamics of Caste mobility? How did the
concept of Sanskritization contribute to its functionality? (20Marks 2015)
14. Critically examinethe concept of Tribe – Caste continuumand its relevance in
contemporary India. (15Marks 2015)
15. Critically describe Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s argument on the origin of Indian
caste system. (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3.2 CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA- STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS, VARNA AND
CASTE, THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF CASTE SYSTEM, DOMINANT CASTE, CASTE
MOBILITY, FUTURE OF CASTE SYSTEM, JAJMANI SYSTEM, TRIBE- CASTE
CONTINUUM.
1. Define the concept ‘DominantCaste’ and examine its relevancein the

contemporary Indian villagewith suitable examples. (20Marks 2014)
(15Marks- 2011) (S.N - 1999)
2. Do you think caste persists in contemporary India? Critically discuss.
(15Marks 2014) Tribe Caste continuum (10Marks 2014)
3. Discuss how Louis Dumont explainedcaste system. (10Marks- 2013)
4. What is Jajmani system? Examine the views onJajmani system as an
egalitarian as well as exploitative system. Give reasons for its decline.
(25Marks - 2013)
5. Examine the criticisms on the concept of dominant caste. (15Marks- 2013)
6. Critically examine the prevalenceof caste ideology among
religiousminorities in the Indian context.(30Marks - 2012)
7. Gender and Customary Law. (10Marks - 2012)
8. Gender and Caste. (10Marks -2012)
9.
10. Critically examinethe theories of Origin of Castes. (15Marks -2011)
11. Examine the role of the caste system in the present political context.(15
Marks — 2010)
12. Is the present political System strengthening the caste system? Discuss.(15
Marks — 2010)
13. Discuss the salient features of the prevalent hypotheses on the futureof the
caste system in India (30 Marks — 2009)
14. Bring out the various features and the importance of the "Dominant Caste"
Concept (20 Marks — 2009)
15. Is Tribe-Caste Continuum a reality or myth?Discuss.(L.Q - 2008)
16. Tribe Caste continuum. (S.N - 2004) Jajmani System(S.N - 2007) (S.N - 1998)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3.3 SACRED COMPLEX& NATURE- MAN- SPIRIT COMPLEX:
1. Explain the impact of the concept of nature man-spirit complex on

sustainable use of natural resources with suitable examples (20 marks,
2021)
2. Critically examinethe contributions of Makhan Jha and B. N. Saraswati to
the study of sacredcomplexes in India. 20 marks(2018)
3. Write short notes on Nature-Man- Spirit Complex.10m (2017)
4. Sacred complex as a dimension of Indian civilization (10Marks2015)
5. Describe the concept of ‘Sacred Complex’ with an ethnographic example.
(15Marks2014)
6. Examine Nature-man-spirit complex as an ecological concept.(15Marks -
2013)
7. Sacred Geography. (12Marks - 2012)
8. Nature-Man-Spirit Complex(20 Marks — 2009)
9. Sacred Complex (S.N - 2005) Trace the broad unifying featuresof traditional
Hindu Society in the anthropological perspective (L.Q - 2004)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-3
3.4 IMPACT OF - BUDDHISM, JAINISM, ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY ON INDIAN
SOCIETY.
1. Discuss the impact of Islam on Indian society.20 M (2020)

2. Explain the impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Indiansociety. 20
marks(2018)
3. Discuss the social ,political and economic statusof muslims in india.15m
(2017)
4. Explain how Bhuddism influenced the economic and
culturaltransformations of Indiansociety. 20m (2017)
5. Impact of Jainism on Indian society.10 M (2016)
6. Islam and Matriliny. (10Marks 2015)
7. Discuss the contribution of Islam to the composite culture of India.
(15Marks2014)
8.
9. Describe what is known of HarappanReligion. Have some of its elements
continuedinto later Hinduism? Discuss. (20Marks 2014)
10. Sufi tradition of Islam. (10Marks- 2013)
11. Impact of Islam on Indian Society.(S.N - 2005)
12. Evaluate the impact of Buddhism Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian
Societyand culture in anthropological terms. (L.Q - 2003)
13. Account for the emergence of new religions in India in the 6th century B.C.
(LQ - 1998)
14. Critically examine the ‘Indigenization of Christianity’ in India (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)

UNIT-4
4. EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN INDIA: CONTRIBUTIONS
OF THE 18TH, 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY SCHOLAR-ADMINISTRATORS.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN ANTHROPOLOGISTS TO TRIBAL AND CASTE
STUDIES.
1. Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities
and their place in Idnian civilization (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Examine the contributions of S. C. Roy in highlighting the role of customary
laws in tribal life (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Contributions of K.S.Singh to Indian anthropology. 10 M (2020)
4. Write about the role of colonial administration in the development of
anthropology in India.15M 2019.
5. Give an account of the contributions of Iravati Karve and B.S.Guha to the
analysis of caste and race in India.10+10=20. 2019
6. Discuss the contribution of S. C Roy in the study of tribal cultures in
India. 15 marks(2018)
7. Compare and contrast the economic typologyof tribes given by
differentanthropologists. 20 marks (2018)
8. Discuss the contribution of Nirmal Kumar bose to the understanding of
Indian society.20m (2017)
9. Discuss the contribution of L.P Vidyarthiand D.N.Majumdar to the study of
Indiantribes.
10. Discuss the contribution of MN Srinivas to the study of Indian
society.Examine the influence of British social anthropologists on his ideas.
(15Marks2015)
11. Discuss the contributions of S. C. Roy to understanding the tribes of India.
(20Marks2014)
12. Examine the anthropological contributions dealing with tribes and Indian
civilization. (20 Marks - 2013)
13. Illustrate the contribution of Irawati Karve to Indian Anthropology. Make a
special mention of her literary contribution (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-4
STUDIES.
1. Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities

and their place in Idnian civilization (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Examine the contributions of S. C. Roy in highlighting the role of customary
laws in tribal life (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Contributions of K.S.Singh to Indian anthropology. 10 M (2020)
4. Write about the role of colonial administration in the development of
anthropology in India.15M 2019.
5. Give an account of the contributions of Iravati Karve and B.S.Guha to the
analysis of caste and race in India.10+10=20. 2019
6. Discuss the contribution of S. C Roy in the study of tribal cultures in
India. 15 marks(2018)
7. Compare and contrast the economic typologyof tribes given by
differentanthropologists. 20 marks (2018)
8. Discuss the contribution of Nirmal Kumar bose to the understanding of
Indian society.20m (2017)
9. Discuss the contribution of L.P Vidyarthiand D.N.Majumdar to the study of
Indiantribes.
10. Discuss the contribution of MN Srinivas to the study of Indian
society.Examine the influence of British social anthropologists on his ideas.
(15Marks2015)
11. Discuss the contributions of S. C. Roy to understanding the tribes of India.
(20Marks2014)
12. Examine the anthropological contributions dealing with tribes and Indian
civilization. (20 Marks - 2013)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-4
STUDIES.
1. Discuss the contributions of H. D. Sankaliato prehistoric anthropology in

India. (20Marks - 2013)
2. Assess the contributions of early 20th century ethnographic tradition to
Indiananthropology. (15Marks - 2013)
3. Trace the trajectory of encyclopedic works on tribesand castes of South India
with specialReference to Ananthakrishna Iyer’scontribution. (20Marks -
2012)
4. Compare the contributions of S.C. Roy and VerrierElwin to tribal
ethnographies in India. (20Marks- 2012)
5. Evaluate the contribution of American anthropologists to Indian
anthropology. (30Marks - 2011)
6. Assess the contribution of Varrier Elwin to Indian anthropology. (15Marks -
2011)
7. Assess the contributions of M.N. Srinivas towards Indian Anthropology in
general. Add a note on his understanding in the context of studying social
mobility in India, (20+10 Marks — 2010)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-4
STUDIES.
1. Write a brief note on the contributions of Prof., LP. Vidyarthi in the field of
anthropology. (20 Marks — 2009)
2. Highlight the Contributions of Indian Anthropologists in the understanding
of tribal life.(L.Q - 2007)
3. N.K.Bose’s contributions to Indian Anthropology (S.N - 2006)
4. Initial period of tribal studies in India (S.N - 2006) Briefly discuss the
contributions of Indian Anthropologists during 20th Century to
Anthropology. (L.Q - 2006)
5. Give an account of the contributions of Indian scholars in the growth and
development of Anthropology in India in early 20th century. (L.Q - 2005)
6. Tribe and peasantsimilarities and differences (S..N - 2003)
7. Critically examine the contributions of some of the BritishScholar
administrators to Indian Anthropology. (LQ-2002)
8. Action Anthropology (S.N -2001)
9. V.EIwin and his contributions (S.N - 1998)
10. Assess the growth and development of Anthropology in India. Illustrate the
contribution of early 20th century Anthropologists in Tribal Caste studies.
(L.Q - 1997)
11. Estimate the contributions of S.C. Roy in the field of Ethnography and his
influenceon the growth of Anthropology in India. (L.Q – 1996)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5.1 INDIAN VILLAGE: SIGNIFICANCE OF VILLAGE STUDY IN INDIA;INDIAN
VILLAGE AS A SOCIALSYSTEM; TRADITIONAL AND CHANGING PATTERNS OF
SETTLEMENT AND INTER-CASTE RELATIONS; AGRARIAN RELATIONSIN
INDIAN VILLAGES;IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN VILLAGES.
1. Explain how structural transformation in economy is affecting traditional

social relationships in agrarian society (20 Marks, 2021)
2. Describe the different settlementpatterns in rural India. 20M (2020)
3. Discuss the impact of globalization on Indian villages. 15 M (2020)
4. Identify the theoretical conceptsthat have emergedout of village studies in
India. 20 M 2019.
5. Panchayati raj as a facilitator of social changein rural society.15 M 2019.
6. Discuss the impact of media on the sociallife of Indian villages. 15M 2019
7. Describe the impact of industrialization on the economicand social aspectsof
India’s villages. 15M 2019
8. Discuss the impact of market economy on rural villages.15 marks (2018)
9. Give a critical evaluation of any one anthropological villagestudy in
india.15m (2017)
10. Examine natureof interplay of little and great traditions in the context of
globalization. (2016)15m
11. Explain Indian village as a social system with example. (2016)20m
12. Describe the traditional patternsof settlement of Indian villages. (2016)20M
13. Examine the contribution of village studies towards the understanding of
Indian social system.(20Marks 2015)
14. Assess the contributions of S. C. Dube in Indian village studies (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5.1 INDIAN VILLAGE: SIGNIFICANCE OF VILLAGE STUDY IN INDIA;INDIAN
VILLAGE AS A SOCIALSYSTEM; TRADITIONAL AND CHANGING PATTERNS OF
SETTLEMENT AND INTER-CASTE RELATIONS; AGRARIAN RELATIONSIN
INDIAN VILLAGES;IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN VILLAGES.
1. Discuss the impactof Globalization on Village economyin India.

(15Marks2015)
2. Examine the impactsof green revolution on rural poor. (15Marks - 2013)
3. How has globalization impacted agrarian relations in the last two decades?
(20Marks - 2012)
4. Indegenous knowledge. (12Marks- 2012)
5. Discuss contributions of S.C. Dube towards understanding of the Indian
village. (15 Marks — 2010)
6. Participatory Rural Appraisal. (12Marks - 2012)
7. Describe the significant contributions of village studiesin India to the
understanding of social transformations. (60 Marks — 2009)
8. Globalization and Indian Peasantry (S.N - 2OO4)
9. Analyze how the villageStudies contributed in understanding the Indian
socialsystem. (L.Q 2004)
10. Green Revolution and its economicand ecological dimensions? (L.Q - 2002)
11. Village Studies in India. (S.N - 2002)
12. Explain criteriafor dominant caste. How far is this concept still crucial to
our understanding of India’s villages after implementation of Reservation in
democratic institutions? Discuss.(L.Q - 2001)
13. Village Studies are crucial to the understanding of Indian life and culture.
Who were the pioneer anthropologists to undertake such Studies? Give a
comprehensive Picture of any one of them. (L.Q - 1998)
14. Child mortality in ruralareas (S.N - 1996)
15. “Globalization, on one hand has provided opportunities and on the other
hand thrown challenges to Indian villages.” Elucidate. (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5.2 LINGUISTIC AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES AND THEIR SOCIAL, POLITICAL
& ECONOMIC STATUS:
1. Discuss the constitutional safeguards for religious minorities in India (15

Marks, 2021)
2. What are the social and political problems of religiousminorities in India.
20 M (2020)
3. Linguistic minorities in India. 10 M (2020)
4. Discuss the problems faced by religious minorities in India. (15Marks 2015)
5. Critically examine the ‘book view’ and the ‘field view’ of social reality.
(20Marks- 2012)
6. What are the issuesand socio-economic problemsarising out of being a
religious minority? Discuss. (L.Q - 2007)
7. Linguistic distribution of Indian population. (S.N. 2006)
8. “Linguistic and religious minorities are particularly vulnerable to political
manipulation”. Comment. (L.Q - 2005)
9. Discuss the socio economicstatus of religious minorities in India.Identify
their role in politics. (L.Q - 2003)
10. Distinguish betweencharacteristics and problemsof linguistic and religious
minorities in India. Give examples of conflicts generated by such
considerations and steps to resolve them. (L.Q - 2000)
11. safeguards for linguistic minorities in India (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5.3 INDIGENOUS AND EXOGENOUSPROCESSES OF SOCIO-CULTURAL CHANGE IN
INDIAN SOCIETY: SANSKRITIZATION, WESTERNIZATION, MODERNIZATION;
INTER-PLAY OF LITTLE AND GREAT TRADITIONS; PANCHAYATI RAJ AND
SOCIAL CHANGE; MEDIA AND SOCIAL CHANGE.
1. Ethnic media and social awareness (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Discuss the role of Panchayat Raj Institutions in transforming traditional
power hierarchy in rural India (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Functionalism and Politics in rural India (10 Marks, 2021)
4. Concept of Sanskritization. 10 M (2020)
5. Khap panchayat. 10 M (2020)
6. Discuss how the elements of little and great traditions combine in the
emergence of social/political/religious movements giving any one example
to illustrate the issue. 20M 2019
7. Describe the media as an instrument for social change.15m (2017)
8. Discuss the impact of panchayati raj institution on the empowerment of
rural women in india.15m (2017)
9. How is processof tribe caste continuum different from sanskritization.
(2016)15M
10. What do you understand by the dynamics of Caste mobility? How did the
concept of Sanskritization contribute to its functionality? (20Marks 2015)
11. Panchayatiraj institutions and social change(10Marks 2015)
12. Examine the Social implications of media & communication technology
(20Marks 2015)
13. Westernisation and Modernisation (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-5
5.3 INDIGENOUS AND EXOGENOUSPROCESSES OF SOCIO-CULTURAL CHANGE IN
INDIAN SOCIETY: SANSKRITIZATION, WESTERNIZATION, MODERNIZATION;
INTER-PLAY OF LITTLE AND GREAT TRADITIONS; PANCHAYATI RAJ AND
SOCIAL CHANGE; MEDIA AND SOCIAL CHANGE.
1. Great tradition and little tradition(10Marks 2014) (S.N - 1996) (S.N - 1987)
2. Indian farmersare not slow to react to economicopportunities. Discuss this
statement.(15Marks - 2013)
3. Critique of the concept of Great and Little Tradition. (15Marks – 2011)
4. Modernity has entered Indian character and society, but it has done so
through assimilation, not replacement.” Discuss. (30Marks - 2011)
5. Universalization and Parochialization (15 Marks — 2010) (S.N - 1997) (S.N -
1985)
6. Sanskritization as a mode ofsocial change (20 Marks — 2009) (S.N - 1992)
7. What are the variousexogenous processes of socio-cultural changesin
Indian Society?(20 Marks — 2009)
8. Critically examineconcepts of little & Great Traditions for understanding
IndianVillages.(L.Q 2008)
9. Critically reviewthe process of social changesthe contemporary
Indiansociety is undergoing. (L.Q - 2006)
10. Sanskritization and westernization. (S.N - 2002)
11. Great Traditions (S.N - 1999)
12. Distinguish betweenSanskritization and de - sanskritization. Critically
examine the impact of Sanskritization on Social Mobilityin India (LQ -1999)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.1 TRIBAL SITUATIONIN INDIA: BIO-GENETIC VARIABILITY, LINGUISTIC &
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBAL POPULATIONS & THEIR
DISTRIBUTION.
1. Concept of tribe and Indian census (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Elucidate the linguistic classification of Indian tribes. 15 M (2020)
3. What are the salientissues faced by pastoral communities in India?
Discusswith suitable examples. 15M 2019
4. Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes(2016)10m
5. Elwin – Ghurye debateon Tribes. (10Marks2015)
6. Socioeconomic characteristics of Shifting cultivators. (10Marks 2015)
7. Biogenetic variations of Indian tribes(10Marks 2014)
8. Social and economic marginalization of tribal people(10Marks 2014)
9. Threat to tribal languages in India.(10Marks - 2013)
10. Linguistic classification of Indian tribes.(10Marks - 2013)
11. Discuss the concept of ‘indigenous people’as per the relevant UN convention.
Are tribals of India indigenous people? Comment. (20Marks - 2012)
12. Discuss the linkages betweenlanguage, territoriality and kinship among the
tribes of NorthEast India. (30Marks - 2012)
13. Discuss the distinctive features of tribes in North east India. (30Marks -
2011)
14. “Tribes in India are not homogeneous group.” Discuss. (30Marks- 2011)
15. Future of Hunting and Gathering Tribes (15Marks - 2011)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.1 TRIBAL SITUATIONIN INDIA: BIO-GENETIC VARIABILITY, LINGUISTIC &
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBAL POPULATIONS & THEIR
DISTRIBUTION.
1. Discuss the relevance of traditional wisdomand knowledge of the tribeswith

reference to health in the present day context. (20 Marks — 2010)
2. Do you think that Indian tribes have rich biogenetic variability? Discuss.
(L.Q-2007)
3. Key characteristics of STs in India (S.N - 2006)
4. Discuss the biomorphic variations of Tribesof North EasternIndia (L.Q -
2006)
5. Genetic diversityamong Indian Tribes(S.N - 2005)
6. Biogenetic variability in tribal populations. (S.N - 2003)
7. Linguistic diversity among the tribes of Chota Nagpur. (S.N - 2002)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.2 PROBLEMS OF THE TRIBAL COMMUNITIES:LAND ALIENATION, POVERTY,
INDEBTEDNESS, LOW LITERACY, POOR EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES,
UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT, HEALTH AND NUTRITION.
1. Examine the factors responsible for malnutrition in tribal India and suggest
interventions required to overcome the problem (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Elucidate the problems and challenges in educational attainment of the
Scheduled Tribes (15 Marks, 2021)
3. Elucidate the problems of land alienation among tribalsof India. 15 M (2020)
4. Issues relatedto tribal education. 10 M 2019
5. Write a short notes on indebtedness among tribal communities.10m(2017)
6. Describe the impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of
the tribal communities. 20m (2017)
7. Discuss how constitutional provisions in India have built in mechanisms for
dealing with the problemof land alienation in tribal areas.(20Marks 2015)
8. Discuss the Sociocultural, Economicand Psychological constraints
responsible for low literacy in Tribal areas. (15Marks 2015)
9. Discuss the impact of land alienation on the tribesof Central India. (15Marks
2014)
10. Left-wing extremismand Tribals in India. (15Marks- 2011)
11. Discuss alternatives for shifting cultivators in the contextof ecological costs
and humanistic concerns. (20Marks -2013)
12. Education and healthamong tribal Women.(15 Marks — 2010)
13. The problem of bonded Labour among Indian tribes. (15 Marks— 2010)
14. Land and forest are the twin problems of the tribes. Explain. (40 Marks—
2010)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.2 PROBLEMS OF THE TRIBAL COMMUNITIES:LAND ALIENATION, POVERTY,
INDEBTEDNESS, LOW LITERACY, POOR EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES,
UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT, HEALTH AND NUTRITION.
1. Critically examinethe various structuralconstraints in the education

development of Scheduled Tribes. (30 Marks-2010)
2. Write a briefnote on the linguistic diversity among Indian tribes.(20 Marks —
2009)
3. Indebtedness in Tribal Communities (20 Marks — 2009)
4. Land Alienation (S.N - 2007)
5. Discuss the factors related to low literacy rate among the tribal’sof India.
Write in briefthe measures taken by the government in different five years
plans to eradicateit. (L.Q
6. 2005)
7. Land alienation among the tribal’s (S.N - 2003)
8. Constraints of educational development among the tribal’s. (S.N -2003)
9. Do you think that exploitation emanatesfrom clash of self-interest
betweengroups? Discuss in the context of tribal’s and non tribals. (L.Q - 2002)
10. The problems of de-notified groups (S.N - 2000)
11. Tribal educationin the context of development (S.N - 2000)
12. Land Alienation in TribalIndia (S.N - 1999)
13. Bring out with suitable examples the constraints of educational development
of tribal communities in India. Suggest remedial Measures in this context.
(L.Q - 1999)
14. Discuss the health and nutritional status of tribal and rural children in India.
How far has the government policy been effective?(L.Q - 1998)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.3 DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON TRIBAL DISPLACEMENT
AND PROBLEMS OF REHABILITATION: DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST POLICY AND
TRIBALS. IMPACT OF URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION ON TRIBAL
POPULATIONS.
1. Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribals

displaced due to development projects in India (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Urbanization and tribal Institutions (10 Marks, 2021)
3. Explain the impact of development induced displacement among tribal
people in india with examples. 20 M (2020)
4. What has been the impact of development projectson the environment and
livelihood of forest dwelling tribes? 15M 2019
5. Discuss the significance and implementation of ‘Recognition of Forest
Right’sAct 2006’. 15 marks(2018)
6. Examine the advancement made in the land acquisition and rehabilitation
Act of 2013over the land acquisition Act of 1894. 15 marks(2018)
7. Impact of industrialization on schedule tribe population of Jharkhand.
(2016)10m
8. Discuss the impact of Globalization on the livelihoodof the tribal
populations. (20Marks 2014)
9. Forest policy and tribes (10Marks 2014)
10. Impacts of sanctuaries and national parks on tribalpopulations.(10Marks -
2013)
11. Commodification of Tribal Art. (12Marks - 2012)
12. Critically examine the National Policy on Rehabilitation and
Resettlement substantiating it with experiences from different parts of
India. (30Marks - 2012)
13. Forest Rights Act—2006.(15Marks - 2011)
14. Discuss the problem of displaced tribal communities with the help of recent
examples. (30Marks - 2011)
15. The impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on tribal women.
(15Marks - 2011)
16. How can a balance be struck between livelihood concerns and environmental
degradation in the contest of shifting cultivation? (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-6
6.3 DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON TRIBAL DISPLACEMENT AND
PROBLEMS OF REHABILITATION: DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST POLICY AND TRIBALS.
IMPACT OF URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION ON TRIBAL POPULATIONS.
1. Tribal displacement. (15 Marks — 2010)

2. Critically examinethe evaluation of Forest Policyin India since the
Britishperiod. Discuss its impact on tribaIs. (60 Marks -2009)
3. Discuss the health problemsfaced by tribal populations in India. Suggest
some corrective measures. (L.Q - 2008)
4. Impact of Industrialization on Tribes. (S.N - 2007)
5. Joint Forest Management (S.N - 2006)
6. Examine the impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal economy
in India.(L.Q - 2005)
7. Sustainable Development of Tribes (S.N - 2004)
8. Discuss the context, processand consequences of involuntary displacement
among tribal communities in India and analyze the Problems of
rehabilitation.(L.Q - 2004)
9. Discuss how forest is related to the triballife. Critically examinehow a
change in forestpolicy and forest degradation has affected Tribal economy.
(L.Q - 2003)
10. Indicate the main thrust of anthropological studies on development induced
displacement and rehabilitation. Suggesta worthwhile rehabilitation
package for displaced tribal’s to retain their sense of community belonging.
(L.Q -2001)
11. Sustainable development (S.N - 1999)
12. Critically examine the forest policy in India right since the British period.
Discuss its impact on tribalpeople. (L.Q - 1999)
13. Discuss the problem of tribal displacement in India. To what extent are
development policies responsible for such displacement? Also explain the
role of NGOs in providing the remedial measures to the affectedpeople. (LQ -
1999)
14. Social forestry (S.N - 1998)
15. Explain the social and religious consequences of contact between tribal and
non-tribal populations. (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.1 PROBLEMS OF EXPLOITATION AND DEPRIVATION OF S.C’S, S.T’S AND
O.B.C’S:CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR S.C’S AND S.T’S.
1. Critically evaluate the state of implementation of constitutional safeguards

for the scheduled castes. 15 M (2020)
2. Describe the provisions under VI th schedule of Indian constitution. 15 M
(2020)
3. What are the Constitutional safeguards to protect the interests of Indian
tribes.15 M
4. What has been the impact of non-hindu religionson the emancipation of
scheduled castesin India. 15M
5. OBCs among non-Hindu communities (2018)
6. Discuss the constitutional safeguards for the schedulecaste.15m (2017)
7. Write short notes on other backward class.10 m (2017)
8. Give a critical appraisalof any one tribal development programme during
XII th five year plan. Give suggestion for any improvement in the
programme.15m(2017)
9. Write in detail variousprovisions provided by the constitution of india for
the scheduletribes under V and VI schedules. (2016)20m
10. Examine the factors responsible for exploitation of schedule castein india.
(2016)20m
11. Explain the difficulties experienced by schedule tribes with regard to
implementation of ’recognition of forcat rights act 2006’.(2016)15m
12. Critically compare‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective
discrimination’ for scheduled tribes in India.(15Marks 2015)
13. Critically examinethe constitutional provisionsfor safeguarding the interests
of Scheduled Tribes in India.(20Marks 2014)
14. Role of Governorin Fifth Scheduleareas. (10Marks 2015)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.1 PROBLEMS OF EXPLOITATION AND DEPRIVATION OF S.C’S, S.T’S AND
O.B.C’S:CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR S.C’S AND S.T’S.
1. Discuss the Social disabilities suffered by scheduled castes.(15Marks –

2013)
2. Using suitableexamples bring out the historical processes of the social
exclusionof denotified tribes. (20Marks - 2012)
3. Panchayati Raj and the tribes (15 Marks — 2010)
4. Fifth Schedule of the Constitution. (20 Marks— 2009)
5. Constitutional safeguards for SCs. (S.N - 2007) (S.N - 1996)
6. National Commission for SCs and STs (S.N - 2004)
7. Critically examinethe merits and demerits of reservation policy for the
STs, SCs and Other Backward Castes. (L.Q - 2002)
8. Do you think that exploitation emanatesfrom clash of self-interest
betweengroups? Discuss in the contextof tribal’s and non-tribals. (L.Q -
2002)
9. Scheduled Area (S.N-2001)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.2 SOCIAL CHANGE AND CONTEMPORARY TRIBAL SOCIETIES; IMPACT OF
MODERN DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS; DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
AND WELFARE MEASURES ON TRIBALS AND WEAKER SECTIONS.
1. Politics of recognition and deprivation (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Describe the functions of tribal researchinstitutes in India. 15 M (2020)
3. Discuss the effect of job reservations in alleviating unemployment among
tribal peopleof India. 15 M (2020)
4. Critically assess the existing plans and programmes meant for tribal
welfare. 15M
5. Identify some special programmes for PVTGs. 15 M
6. Discuss the nature of Social changein Tribal India under the impact of
Developmental programmes. (15Marks 2015)
7. Tribes as Indigenous Culture (S.N - 2008)
8. How have modern democraticinstitutions influenced the Indian tribal
societies? Assess.(L.Q - 2008)
9. Illustrate with suitable examples)the impact of Developmental
Programmes on tribesand weaker sections.(L.Q - 2007)
10. Tribal Sub plan (S.N - 2005)
11. Panchayati Raj (S.N - 2005)
12. Implications of recentPresidential orders relating to ScheduledTribes and
ScheduledCastes. (S.N - 2003)
13. What do youunderstand by the integrated tribaland rural developmental
programmes? How would you evaluatethe success or Failure of these
programmes? (L.Q - 2002)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.2 SOCIAL CHANGE AND CONTEMPORARY TRIBAL SOCIETIES; IMPACT OF
MODERN DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS; DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
AND WELFARE MEASURES ON TRIBALS AND WEAKER SECTIONS.
1. Mention variousdevelopmental programmes implemented for the
socio economic wellbeing of SCs? Do these programmes fulfill their
aspirations? Discuss. (L.Q -2001)
2. MADA, LAMPS, TRIFED (S.N - 2000)
3. Tribal Sub Plan (S.N - 1999)
4. ITDA (S.N - 1998)
5. Discuss the impact ofmodernization on trialand rural people in India.
(L.Q -1998)
6. Estimate the role of democratic institutions / Organizations for the
development of weaker sectionsand the welfare measures Adoptedby
them. (L.Q - 1997)
7. Involvement of local communities in Forest Management (S.N - 1996)
8. Major problems of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups (2022)
9. Role of the Governor in the Fifth Schedule areas (2022)
10. Compare the functioning of traditional ‘Tribal Council’ with that of
‘Gram Sabha’ under PESA, (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.3 THE CONCEPT OF ETHNICITY: ETHNICCONFLICTS AND POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENTS; UNREST AMONGTRIBAL COMMUNITIES; REGIONALISM
AND DEMAND FOR AUTONOMY; PSEUDO-TRIBALISM; SOCIAL CHANGE
AMONG THE TRIBES DURING COLONIAL AND POST-INDEPENDENT INDIA.
1. Identify the causes of tribal unrest with special reference to North-East
India (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Concept of ethnicity. 10 M (2020)
3. Discuss the various factorsresulting in tribal unrest in various parts of
India.15 marks(2018)
4. Examine the colonial administrators’ view that Indian villages can be
considered as ‘little republics’. 15 marks(2018)
5. Write short notes on ethnicity and regionalism.10m (2017)
6. Tribe as a colonial construct(2016)10m
7. Short notes on The role of regionalism plays in demand for
autonomyamong Indian tribes.(2016)10m
8. Rights over resources and Tribal unrest (10Marks 2015)
9. Discuss the rise of ethno nationalism among Indian tribeswith specific
example.(15Marks 2014)
10. What are the significant factorsresponsible for tribalunrest? (15Marks
2014)
11. Ethnic movementsin India. (10Marks- 2013)
12. Examine the impact of non-tribal contact on socio-cultural institutions of
tribal people with suitable examples.(15Marks - 2013)
13. Compare the approach adoptedtowards tribal communities during Colonial
and postindependence periods. (30Marks - 2011)
14. Discuss and compare the approaches towardsthe tribes during colonial and
post independent India. (30 Marks — 2010)
15. Explain how British policies impacted the major resources of the tribals.
(2022)
16. Compare the nature of tribal movements between North-East and Central
India. Briefly mention the current status of existing tribal movements in
these areas (2022)
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PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-7
7.3 THE CONCEPT OF ETHNICITY: ETHNICCONFLICTS AND POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENTS; UNREST AMONGTRIBAL COMMUNITIES; REGIONALISM AND
DEMAND FOR AUTONOMY; PSEUDO-TRIBALISM; SOCIAL CHANGE AMONG THE
TRIBES DURING COLONIAL AND POST-INDEPENDENT INDIA.
1. Do you find any significant changein the approaches towards the tribes
duringcolonial and post independent India? Assess. (15 Marks — 2010)
2. Tribal unrest in Central India (20 Marks — 2009)
3. Concept of Ethnicity (S.N - 2008)
4. Critically reviewTana Bhagat Movement) its causes and effects.(L.Q - 2006)
5. Discuss the features affecting ethnic boundaries”, givingIndian examples.
(L.Q - 2006)
6. Discuss the relationship of ethnicity and nation-state. (L.Q - 2005)
7. Detribalization (S.N - 2004) (S.N - 2001)
8. Evaluate Fredrick Barth’s concept of ethnic boundaries. Explain its
distinction from cultural content.(L.Q - 2004)
9. Ethnic conflict (S.N - 2004)
10. Classify the tribal movementsin contemporary India in a regional
perspective and analyze the contributive factors. (L.Q - 2004)
11. Identify the causes and consequences of major tribalmovements in India.
(L.Q - 2003)
12. What is ethnicity? Does ethnicity add to conflicts and tensions in the
society?Illustrate. (L.Q - 2002)
13. Birsa movement (S.N - 2001)
14. Ethnic Boundaries (S.N - 2000)
15. Assess the political and economic role of tribal and rural movements in the
creation of the new states of Uttaranchal, Jharkhandand Chhattisgarh.
(L.Q - 2000)
16. Regionalism as an opportunity and threat to national integration (2022)
17. Issues of tribal agricultural labourers (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-8
8.1 IMPACT OF HINDUISM, BUDDHISM, CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM ANDOTHER
RELIGIONS ON TRIBAL SOCIETIES:
1. Critically assess the impact of Christianity on tribal culture and identity

(15 Marks, 2021)
2. Explain the impact of Hinduism on tribal people ofIndia. 15 M (2020)
3. Describe the impact of Buddhismon tribal population of India. 15 M
4. Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.10 m (2017)
5. Discuss the impact of islam on schedule tribesof india.(2016)15m
6. Islam and Matriliny. (10Marks 2015
7. Discuss the impact of Hinduism on the statusof Tribal womenin Central
India(15Marks 2015)
8. Impact of Christianity on tribes (10Marks2014)
9. Using ethnographic examples highlight the processes of religious
conversions in Tribal India.(20Marks - 2012)
10. Discus the impact of Hindu Society on tribal population in India. (30Marks
- 2011)
11. Analyze the impact of Christianity on tribal communities with special
reference to North-East India (60 Marks — 2009)
12. Buddhism, Christianity and Scheduled Castes(S.N - 2004)
13. Bases of tribalreligion (S.N - 2002)
14. Impact of Christianity on tribal societies(S.N - 2000)
15. Define religion in anthropological perspective. Bring out the impact of
Christianity on the converted and non-converted tribalgroup of India. (L.Q
-1996)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-8
8.2 TRIBE & NATION STATE-COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRIBAL
COMMUNITIES IN INDIA& OTHER COUNTRIES.
1. Discuss with appropriate exampleshow tribal unrest may be understood as
emerging out of an incompatibility betweentribes and nation-state. 20M
2. Distinctive cultural featuresof tribes of Andaman Islands(2018)
3. Critically evaluatethe term tribe,as compared to term indigenous in some
othercountries. 20m (2017)
4. Critically examinethe relationship betweentribal communities and the
Nation-State on issues of governance. (20Marks - 2012)
5. Discuss the Anthropological understanding of rising ethnicityamong
Indian Tribes in the context of Nation Building. (L.Q - 2007)
6. Nation State (S.N - 2002)
7. What do you know by tribe and nations? How do statescarved for tribalsin
India differfrom tribal-nation states in Africa? Discuss (L.Q - 2001)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.1 HISTORY OF ADMINISTRATION OF TRIBAL AREAS:TRIBAL POLICIES,
PLANS,PROGRAMMES OF TRIBALDEVELOPMENT AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION. THE
CONCEPT OF PRIMITIVE TRIBAL GROUPS, THEIR DISTRIBUTION, SPECIALPROGRAMMES
FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT. ROLE OF N.G.O.SIN TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT.
1. Discuss the intervention of Non-Governmental Organizations for

empowering tribal women (15 Marks, 2021)
2. Discuss the impact of successive Land Acquisition Acts on tribal social
organization (20 Marks, 2021)
3. Discuss the impact of Forest Rights Act (2006) on the livelihood and
culture of tribal people in India (20 Marks, 2021)
4. Critically discuss the role of N.G.O.s in tribal development. 15 M 2019
5. Discuss the salient features of PESA Act of 1996 and attempt a comparison
with the features of the VI Schedule15 marks(2018)
6. Write short notes on particularly vulnerable tribal groups(PTG) 10M (2017)
7. Discuss the emergence ,salient features and limitations of tribal sub-
plan15m (2017)
8. Critically examinethe role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of
schedule tribesin central india.(2016)15m
9. Discuss the various tribal development programsan plans have impacted
the process of social transformation among tribes.(2016)15m
10. Relevance of tribal Panchsheel today.(10Marks 2015)
11. Recently NGO’s have been critiqued for interfering with developmental
processinn Tribal heartland. Critically comment. (20Marks 2015)
12. Critically examinethe role of NGOs in promoting health & Education in
tribalareas.(15Marks 2014)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
1. Describe the historyadministration in the colonial period. (15Marks 2014)

2. Critically evaluatethe National TribalPolicy. (15Marks 2014)
3. The concept of PTG (10Marks 2014)
4. Government Action towards Left Wing Extremism.(10Marks - 2013)
5. Role of Gramasabha under PESA.(10Marks - 2013)
6. Fifth Scheduleand Sixth Scheduleof the constitution are built on the
foundations laid by the colonial Government. Discuss.(20Marks - 2013)
7. Discuss the Significance of cultural and administrative factors
in tribal development.(15Marks - 2013)
8. Discuss the criticism leveledagainst anthropology in the contextof
‘Isolation, and assimilation debate’on tribal populations.(20Marks - 2013)
9. Discuss how British policiesdispossessed tribal’s of their
communalproperties and agricultural lands.(15Marks - 2013)
10. Examine the relevance of Tribal Panchsheel by Jawaharlal Nehru in the
light of emerging Development practices. (20Marks - 2012)
11. Tribal Panchsheel. (15Marks- 2011)
12. NGOs and tribal development (20 Marks - 2009) (S.N - 2007) (S.N - 2002)
13. Discuss the objectives of Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDPs).
How far have these objectives been achieved? (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
1. What are the special problems of the Primitive Tribal Groups? How far
have the developmental programmes of the government able to
addressthese? (L.Q - 2008)
2. Programmes of TribalDevelopment (S.N - 2006)
3. Elucidate the nature of changes in administration of tribal areas from
colonial period to postIndependence era in India. (L.Q - 2005)
4. Give an account of Joint Forest Management Programmes. What is the role
of NGOs in such programmes? (L.Q - 2000)
5. Outline the historical background of tribal administration during the
colonial period. Evaluate post-independence administrative policies with
special reference to states under either the fifth schedule or sixth schedule
of the Constitution of India. (L.Q - 2000)
6. Plans and programmes of Tribal development (S.N - 1997)
7. Role of NGQs in literacy programmes (S.N - 1996)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.2 ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN TRIBAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT.
1. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the context of

its role in tribal and rural development. 20 marks(2018)
2. Discuss the role of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of
tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors.15m (2017)
3. Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural
development.(2016)15m
4. Examine in detail the role of Anthropology in planning for Tribal
development. (15Marks 2015)
5. Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural development.
(20Marks 2014) (S.N
6. 1997)
7. Using examples, comment on how anthropology can be utilized in
policymaking. (20Marks - 2012)
8. Role of anthropologists in rural development (L.Q - 2005)
9. Anthropologists are better equipped to play an effective role in rural and
tribal development. Discuss (L.Q - 2004)
10. Briefly describe the anthropological perspective on development. How
have anthropologists contributed to India’s rural development? (2022)
WWW.VISHNUIAS.COM
PAPER-2 PYQ (1995-2022)
UNIT-9
9.3 CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF
REGIONALISM, COMMUNALISM, & ETHNIC AND POLITICAL MOVEMENTS.
1. Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from anthropological
perspective with respect to Kashmir/Nagaland/Bodoland/Gorkhaland agitation.
20 M (2020)
2. Anthropological understanding of communalism.
3. Ethnicity and regionalism
4. Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements.(2016)10m
5. Critically examine the concept of communalism and its relevance for multi-
religious and multiethnic polity of India. (20Marks 2015)
6. Factors contributing to communalism. (15Marks - 2011)
7. Analyze the factors influencing tribal regionalism, citing Indian examples. (30
Marks
8. 2010)
9. In what ways has anthropology contributed to the understanding of ethnic and
political movements in India? (60 Marks — 2009)
10. Revivalistic Movements. (S.N - 2008)
11. What IS regionalism? Evaluate how regionalism has stimulated political
movements in India. (L.Q 2003)
12. Discuss the significance of the regionalism and communalism in Indian context
and its role in ethno political movements in the Present political system. (L.Q -
1997)
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UPSC

H.No.1-1-664/B, 2nd floor opposite

THERE ARE 8 QUESTIONS DIVIDED IN 2 SECTIONS

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. The losses and gains of erect posture (10 Marks, 2021)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus?

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Write a short note on protein synthesis(2008)

1. Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Critically evaluate different types of social statification with suitable

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach & ethnocentric

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory (10 Marks, 2021)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Explain the impact of feminist movementon universality of marriage

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Explain the structural analysis of Kinship as proposed by Levi-Strauss

(15 Marks, 2021)

2. Descent Groups (10 Marks, 2021)

3. How did Radcliffe-Brown and Lewis-Strauss studykinship in terms of

social structure. (2019) 15marks

4. Kinship Terminology 10 M (2018)

5. Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology. 15 M (2017)

6. Bilineal and bilateral descents. 10 M (2017)

7. Short notes on Lineage and Clan. 10M (2016)

8. Describes the cardinal pointsof descent and alliance theories.20 M (2016)

9. Double Descent (10Marks2014)

10. Various types of descent(10Marks 2013) (2008)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Describe types of kinship groups formed on the basis of different

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Modes of subsistence (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Pastoralism in India 10 marks (2019)

3. Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy.15 marks (2018)

4. With the help of appropriate example,explain the various forms of exchange

5. Discuss the principles governingproduction, distribution and exchange in

simple societies. 20 M (2016)

6. Horticulture (10Marks 2015)

7. Critically examinethe Formalists & Substantivists views on the applicability

of Economic laws in the study of Primitive societies. (20Marks 2015)

8. Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy(20Marks 2013)

9. Differentiate between Economics and Economic Anthropology (10Marks2013)

10. Discuss different modes of Exchanges in simple societies with examples

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Critically examinethe debate betweenFormalists &Substantivists (30Marks

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. How do political organizations of simple societies establish power, authority

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Animism and Deep Ecology (10 Marks, 2021)

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Critically evaluate Lewis Morgans’s classification of family (15 Marks,

PAPER-1 PYQ (1995-2022)

1. Historical Particularism and Franz Boas (10 Marks, 2021)

2. Historical Particularism (10Marks 2015)

3. How do Diffusionism & Evolutionism differ as explanations of Culture

4. Culture area & Age area (Diffusionism) (2000)

5. Define ‘culturearea’. How did it help American diffusionists to understand