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Pew OSS Final climate change and fisheries
Pew OSS Final climate change and fisheries
Climate change
could reduce catch in
developing countries.
Redistribution
OCTOBER 2009
of Fish Catch by
Climate Change
A Summary of a New Scientific Analysis:
Cheung, W.W.L., Lam, V.W.Y., Sarmiento, J. L., Kearney, K., Watson, R., Zeller, D. and Pauly, D. 2009.
Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate
change. Global Change Biology.
Global climate change is expected to affect William Cheung and his coauthors used
marine fisheries productivity because of models that linked ocean conditions with
changes in water temperature, ocean cur- the geographic range of species to predict
rents and other ocean conditions. Marine changes in potential catch under low and
fisheries are an important food source, and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios.
changes in the total amount or geographic They found that globally, the maximum total
distribution of fish available for catch could catch potential in the year 2055 remained
affect food security. Changes in marine food essentially unchanged from current levels
supply due to climate change, however, were under both scenarios. But catch potential
previously unknown. changed within regions, and the magnitude
of that change was greater under the high energy in plants, especially algae), as well as spe-
emissions scenario. In general, maximum pos- cies’ environmental preferences and their relative
sible catch increased at higher latitudes and abundance and distribution. The scientists set a
decreased in the tropics, which tend to be the low greenhouse gas scenario for carbon dioxide at
most socioeconomically vulnerable areas. The 2000 levels and a high emissions scenario of dou-
authors conclude that this change may have large bled carbon dioxide by 2100. The authors defined
implications for global food security. This Pew “maximum catch potential” as the maximum
Ocean Science Series report is a summary of the possible catch of a species given a certain habitat
scientists’ analysis. size and food availability. Climate projections
were generated by a U.S. National Oceanic and
Climate Change and Fisheries Atmospheric Administration laboratory. Although
Marine fisheries productivity may be affected using modeling to predict fisheries response to
by changes in ocean conditions resulting from climate change does not necessarily provide
climate change, including changes in food web the probabilities of different scenarios happen-
structure and species distribution. Studies show ing, it can help policy makers and stakeholders
that marine fish and invertebrates tend to shift consider the potential scale of the impacts and
their distributions toward higher latitudes and develop response scenarios.
deeper waters in response to climate change. The scientists predicted maximum catch
Relative abundance of species may also change as potential in the year 2055 for 1,066 species of
some habitats become less appropriate for them. major commercially exploited fish and inverte-
brates. These species represent 70 percent of
Study Methods global fisheries landings as reported by the U.N.
The authors used several models incorporating a Food and Agriculture Organization for 2000 to
wide range of environmental and biological fac- 2004. To reduce the effect of year-to-year vari-
tors that affect fisheries to predict future changes ability, the authors applied a 10-year running
in maximum fisheries catch potential around the average to the estimated catch potential. Their
world under two climate change scenarios. The estimates include global projections as well as
factors considered included a number of ocean estimates broken down by latitudinal regions,
conditions such as temperature, salinity and within continental shelf and offshore regions, and
primary productivity (the amount of chemical at the country level.
FIGURE 1. CHANGE IN MAXIMUM CATCH POTENTIAL FROM 2005 TO 2055 under the
Climate change climate change scenario where greenhouse gas concentration is doubled by the year 2100.
Norway
Greenland
Alaska (USA)
Russian Fed (Asia)
Iceland
Canada
Australia
Taiwan
Scenario II
United Kingdom
Ireland
Peru
Scenario I
Japan
Mexico
Argentina
South Korea
Brazil
China
Chile
U.S. (excl. AK & HI)
Indonesia
The two scenarios represent possible greenhouse gas emissions. In the first scenario, emissions continue to grow in
their current trajectory and will double by 2100. The second scenario assumes that greenhouse gas concentrations
remain constant at 2000 levels.
About the Authors DIRK ZELLER is Senior Research Fellow and Project
WILLIAM W.L. CHEUNG is a Lecturer in Marine Manager of the Sea Around Us Project at the
Ecosystem Services at the University of East Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Anglia in Norwich, United Kingdom. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
VICKY W.Y. LAM is a graduate student at the DANIEL PAULY is the Principal Investigator of the
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia Sea Around Us Project at the Fisheries Centre,
in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
JORGE L. SARMIENTO is a Professor of Geosciences Columbia, Canada.
at Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey, USA. Credits—Photography: Cover © Doug Perrine/
KELLY KEARNEY is a graduate student in the SeaPics.com; Page 3 © George McCallum/SeaPics.com;
Department of Geosciences at Princeton Page 4, © Steven Kazlowski/SeaPics.com; Charts:
University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Robert Cronan, Lucidity Information Design, LLC.
REG WATSON is a Senior Research Fellow in the
Sea Around Us Project at the Fisheries Centre,
University of British Columbia in Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada.