W ELCOME

2
L ECTURE 1
INTRODUCTORY

o Self Introduction
o Course Outline
o Evaluation Strategies
o Classroom Rules
o Basic Discussion
 DM 105
D ISASTER P REPAREDNESS AND P REVENTION

C OURSE CONDUCTED BY :
M UHAMMAD S HOFIQUL I SLAM
A SSISTANT PROFESSOR
I NSTITUTE OF D ISASTER MANAGEMENT (IDM)
K HULNA U NIVERSITY OF E NGINEERING & T ECHNOLOGY (KUE T )
4 C OURSE O UTLINE

 Basic principles of preparedness: emergency planning and

checklists, disaster preparedness plans.
 Natural hazards-specific preparedness: floods, thunderstorm and
lightning, earthquakes, tsunamis, fires, landslides.
 Preparedness and prevention strategies for technological
emergencies: household, industrial and workplace hazards,
hazardous material accidents.
 Preparedness and public awareness; Insurance and disaster
preparedness.
 Challenges in disaster preparedness and prevention like Relief
Distribution etc.
5 R EF. B OOK
1. Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Handbook
By W. Nick Carter

2. Disaster Preparedness and Management

By Michael Beach
 6 M ARKS D ISTRIBUTION

Numerical Marks Letter Grade Grade Point

Class Attendance and Participation 80% and above : A+ (A Plus) 4.00
75% to less than 80% A 3.75
20% 70% to less than 75% A- (A minus) 3.50
65% to less than 70% B+ (B Plus) 3.25
60% to less than 65% B 3.00
Assignments and/or Presentation 55% to less than 60% B- (B minus) 2.75
50% to below 55%: C+ (C Plus) 2.50
45% to below 50% : C 2.25
30% 40% to below 45% : D 2.00
Less than 40% F 0.00
Semester final examination Continuous assessment X
Withdrawal W
Incomplete I
50% Non Credit Course S/U(Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory)
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Formal Introduction
8 Course Teacher
Muhammad Shofiqul Islam
Education
MSc in Civil Eng. (KUET) 2017

BSc in Civil Eng. (KUET) 2013

Address
R-109, Block-A, New Academic Building, IDM, KUET

Cell phone No. +8801671 538596

E-mail: msislam@idm.kuet.ac.bd
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My Research Interest

• Life cycle assessment

• sustainable waste management system
• climate change impact
• Faecal Sludge Analysis and Management
• Environmental Risk Assessment
• Coastal Environmental Protection
• Post Disaster Recovery
• Disaster Preparedness Planning
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How you will be Evaluated?

 Attendance and Participation: 20%

 Assignment and Presentation: 30%

 Final Exam: 50%*

*Open and/or Close Lectures
11 What you are allowed to do?

 Entering & exiting room without permission

 Please try to come quietly

 Come before starting lecture to face Spot/sudden test

 Stopping me and asking questions (raise hands)

 Requesting to repeat any part of lectures

12
Prohibited
o Mobile
o Laptop/ Tab
o Cross talking
o Sleeping

“No need to stand up when

I enter/ leave the room!
13

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A LL THE LECTURE MATERIALS WAS TAKEN FROM

VARIOUS SOURCES SUCH AS BOOKS , RESEARCH PAPERS ,
NATIONAL AND INT ’ L REPORTS , ONLINE LECTURE ETC .
T HE PRESENTER IS ACKNOWLEDGED
ANONYMOUSLY ALL THE SOURCES .
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Disaster preparedness?
• Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to
prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.
• That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their
impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with
their consequences
• Disaster preparedness is a continuous and integrated process resulting from
a wide range of risk reduction activities and resources. It requires the
contributions of many different areas ranging from training and logistics, to
health care, recovery, livelihood to institutional development.
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Overview on common terminology
Disaster Definition
“A serious disruption to community life which threatens or causes death
or injury in that community, and damage to property which is beyond
the day-to-day capacity of the prescribed statutory authorities and which
requires special mobilisation and organisation of resources other than
those normally available to those authorities.”
Many of the events that might popularly be considered disasters differ in significant ways.
Scholars have argued that “disasters” generally fall into one of at least three distinct
categories: emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes. The implication is that what might be
described as a “disaster” may in fact be a different type of hazard event (i.e., an emergency
or a catastrophe).

Emergencies are events that are primarily managed locally using existing plans and
procedures to address relatively limited impacts and needs.

Disasters have more impacts and needs, require participation from many
more organizations, and necessitate more complex procedures and plans than
those used during an emergency (e.g., the 2011 Joplin tornado). Disasters include
the emergence of spontaneous response efforts and convergence of people and
resources to the impacted area.
• In a catastrophe there are widespread impacts and needs covering a large
geographic area. Local, and often national, organizations are overwhelmed, and
regional or even international assistance is needed, though it is slow to arrive.
Existing plans and procedures are insufficient and extensive improvisation and
outside leadership is required (e.g., Hurricane Katrina and the levee failure).
• A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.
• AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a
community, population, or region.
• ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country.
• AN OUTBREAK is a greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic
cases. It can also be a single case in a new area. If it’s not quickly controlled, an
outbreak can become an epidemic.
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• Disasters are the effect of hazard on vulnerable or defenseless areas.
Disaster is an event that completely disrupts the normal ways of a
community.
• Hazard is a situation where there is a threat to life, health, environment or property.
 Vulnerability is the inability of a person, group or society to resist a hazard or to
respond when a disaster has occurred. For example, people who live on plains are
more vulnerable to floods than people who live higher up.
 Overview on common terminology
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 Capacity: Within a community all the available resources, that
can reduce risk level and disaster effects.
Frequent term used in disaster is 'Capacity building'. Capacity building is the efforts to
develop human skills within a community to reduce risk levels.

 Risk: Probability of harmful consequences and

expected loss resulting from interaction
between natural or human hazards
and vulnerable conditions.
 Mechanism of Natural Disaster Reduction
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 National Level and Local level
• Local Government and the public
health departments like DPHE
• Fire and Rescue departments
• Law enforcing agencies
 Types of Disaster
Natural Man-made
• Seismic • Technological
• Earthquake • Release of substances
• Volcanic eruption (Chemicals, Biological, Nuclear)
• Tsunami • Transport
• Celestial collision • Structural failure
• Climatic • Explosions
• High winds (Storm, Cyclones, Tornado) • Fire
• Precipitation (Rain, snow, Ice) • Environmental interference
• Lightning (fire) • Conflict
• Temperature extremes (Hot and cold) • Conventional war
• Erosion • Armed conflict/Civil conflict
• Drought • Complex human emergency
• Desertification • Terrorism
• Floods • Unarmed conflict (Sanctions,
• Avalanches embargos)
 Are disasters Increasing?
• Improved reporting • Increased technologies
- CNN as first responder • Mass transport
• Increased population and • Chemical industrialisation
density • Transport of dangerous goods
• Cities in high risk areas • Economic stress
- 64 of the largest cities in world in • Urban slums in dangerous
seismic zones or flood plains. environments
• Global warming • Armed conflict
- Increased storm activity • Terrorism
Approach to Disasters
• Prevention / Mitigation
• Preparedness and planning
• Response
• Recovery
Prevention / Mitigation
“Regulatory and
• Activities which eliminate or reduce
physical measures to the likelihood or impact of a
disaster.
ensure that
emergencies are • Includes long term activities which
prevented, or their reduce the effects of unavoidable
disasters. e.g. building standards
effects mitigated”
• Cost effective mitigation measures
are the key to reducing disaster
EMA – Australian Emergency Manuals
Series. losses in the long term.
Prevention / Mitigation
• Zoning / land use management
• Building codes
• Building use regulations
• Relocation
• Safety improvements
• Legislation
• Public Information
• Community awareness and education
• Tax, insurance incentives or disincentives
Preparedness and planning
“Arrangements to
ensure that, should a
disaster occur, all
those resources and
services which may
be needed to cope
with the effects can
be rapidly mobilised
and deployed”
EMA – Australian Emergency Manuals
Series.
• Activities to anticipate what
problems are likely to emerge in
future disaster situations and to
devise ways to address these
problems and enhance ability to
respond when a disaster occurs.
• Key element is developing plans
• Must have plan to respond,
trained personnel to respond and
resources with which to respond.
 Preparedness and planning
• Community awareness and
education
• Disaster Plans
• Training and test exercises
• Disaster communications
• Mutual aid agreements
• Warning systems
• Resource inventories
• Provision of special resources
• Evacuation plans
“Tsunami Wave”
Disaster Education

“Tsunami Wave”
 Bangladesh
According to Disaster-related Statistics 2015:
Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 According to Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change
50 Natural Disaster Perspectives

• Bangladesh is widely recognized to be one of the most climate vulnerable

countries in the world.
• It experience frequent natural disasters (drought, flood, water-logging, cyclone
and tidal surge, tornado, thunderstorm, river/coastal erosion, landslides,
salinity intrusion, hailstorm), which cause loss of life, damage to infrastructure
and economic assets, and adversely impacts on lives and livelihoods, especially
of poor people.
• Asia Pacific Disaster Report 2015 (UN-ESCAP) has shown Bangladesh one of the most vulnerable
among 15 countries.
• Bangladesh is also known as one of the most resilient countries of the world despite the regular
and devastating disastrous events, the country manages to attain significant progress in almost all
sectors of the MDGs.
 51 Percentage of disaster affected time of household, 2009-2014 in
disaster prone area

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
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Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 53

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 54

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 Affected household received early warning and took preparedness by
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disaster, 2009-2014.

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
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Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 57

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 58

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 59

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
 60

Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
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Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
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Source: Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change Natural Disaster Perspectives
O VERVIEW OF N ATURAL D ISASTERS
IN A SIA AND THE PACIFIC
1970 - 2014

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 o A person living in Asia-Pacific are twice as likely to be affected as a
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person living in Africa, almost six times as likely as someone from Latin
America and the Caribbean, and 30 times more likely to suffer than
someone living in North America or Europe.
• Since 1970, the region has been hit by more than 5000 disasters causing more than
two billion fatalities and affecting the lives of more than six billion.

Examples
Cyclone Fani, Sidr, Aila in Bangladesh
Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar
Great Tangshan Earthquake in China
Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines
Great East Japan Earthquake
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Occurrences of natural disaster in Asia and Pacific

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Overview of fatalities in Asia and Pacific
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Overview of fatalities in Asia and Pacific

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Overview of Economic losses

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Overview of Economic losses

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Natural hazard in BD
• Bangladesh is a developing, low-laying riverine disaster prone country
with many socio-economic, environmental problems.
• Worst situation is facing by the coastal people due to limited access to endowed
resources, high risks and vulnerabilities to climate change and disasters.
• Over exploitation, climate change and disasters are destroying these natural resources,
degrading environment and making people vulnerable to disastrous situations.
• Low economic development, extreme poverty, geographic location and climate make
the country vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters.
• Poor socio-economic condition, lack of integration, lack of incorporation of emergency
plan in development activities, inefficient institutional frameworks, limited access to
information, lack of scientific assessment method and tool, limited access to natural
resources, no curriculum on natural hazards, funding/financial constraints.
T HANK YOU

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