CHM420/ASSIGNMENT/20232

ASSIGNMENT / CHM420

ASSIGNMENT FOR CHM420 CHAPTER 5/6/7

INSTRUCTIONS
This assignment contains 6 questions (40 marks = 20%). Answer all the questions.You need to
return this assignment by 2023.

QUESTION 1
Objective: To draw Lewis’s structure in a correct manner.
a)
i) CCl2F2 ii) PH4+
H
Cl

H P H
F C Cl

H
F
1 mark
1 mark
iii) NH3O iv) H2S
H

N H
H H
H O S

2 marks 2 marks

b)
Step 1:
Place the atoms relative to each other. In CCl2F2, carbon has the lowest group number and
EN, so it is the central atom. The halogen atoms surround it, but their specific positions are
not important.
Cl

F C Cl

F
1 mark
 CHM420/ASSIGNMENT/20232

Step 2
Determine the total number of valence electrons.
C = 1 x 4 e-
Cl = 2 x 7 e-
F = 2 x 7 e-
Total= 32 e- 1 mark
Step 3
Draw single bonds to the central atom.
Cl

F C Cl

F 1 mark
Step 4
Distribute the remaining electrons in pairs, beginning with the surrounding atoms,
so that each atom has an octet.
Cl

F C Cl

F
1 mark

QUESTION 2
Objective: Properties of the liquid state.
a) As a liquid is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, which causes them to
move faster and more randomly (1 mark). This increased motion causes the intermolecular
forces between the molecules to weaken (1 mark). These forces include hydrogen
bonding, van der Waals forces, and dipole-dipole interactions (1 mark). As the
intermolecular forces weaken, the liquid becomes less cohesive and its ability to resist flow
decreases.

The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. As the intermolecular forces
weaken with increasing temperature, the liquid becomes less viscous because the
molecules are more able to move past each other (2 marks). This can be thought of as the
"loosening up" of the liquid, where the molecules are able to move around more easily,
 CHM420/ASSIGNMENT/20232

reducing the friction between them and allowing them to flow more freely (1 mark). This is
why liquids such as honey or molasses become runnier when they are warmed up.
b) (i)

(iii)
H F

H F
2 marks

QUESTION 3
Objective: Predicting reaction direction and calculating equilibrium concentrations.
i) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) 1 mark
ii) Kc = [SO3]2
[SO2]2 [O2] 1 mark
iii) Qc = [SO3]2
[SO2]2 [O2]
Qc = [0.12]2
[0.86]2 [0.33]
= 0.0599 ½marks

Qc > Kc, reaction will move to the left to reach equilibrium. ½ marks

iv)
2SO2 O2 ⇌ 2SO3
I 0.86 0.33 0.12
C +2x +x -2x
E 0.86 +2x 0.33 + x 0.12 – 2x

Solving for x, at equilibrium:

[SO2] = 0.90 M
0.86 +2x = 0.90 M
x = 0.02 1 mark
 CHM420/ASSIGNMENT/20232

Thus,
[O2] = 0.33 + x
= 0.33 + 0.02
= 0.35 M 1 mark

[SO3] = 0.12 – 2x
= 0.12 – 2(0.02)
= 0.08 M 1 mark

(6 marks)

QUESTION 4
Objective: Predicting the effect of concentration/temperature/pressure/volume on the
equilibrium position.
i) Since it is an endothermic reaction, it favors taking place at high temperatures 1 mark. An
increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium to produce more products and therefore
makes it more favorable 1 mark.
ii) The electrolysis of water causes a chemical change 1 mark in which water molecules are
split to form hydrogen and oxygen—two substances that are chemically different from
water 1 mark.
(4 marks)

QUESTION 5
Objective: Predicting relative acidity/basicity of salt solutions.
pH = -log [H3O+]
9.52 = - log [H3O+]
[H3O+] = 10-9.52
= 3.02 x 10-10 1 mark

pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 – 9.52
= 4.48 1 mark

[OH-] = kw / [H3O+]
= 1 x 10-14 / 3.02 x 10-10
= 3.31 x 10-5 1 mark
(3 marks)
 CHM420/ASSIGNMENT/20232

QUESTION 6
Objective: Preparing a buffer solution by showing their calculation.
pH = pKa + log [𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶3𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 (𝐴𝐴−)] ; assume [A-] = y, [HA] = 0.2-y ½ marks
[𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶3𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶(𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻)]

5 = 4.77 + log 𝑦𝑦
0.2−𝑦𝑦

𝑦𝑦
0.23 = log ½ marks
0.2−𝑦𝑦

100.23 = 𝑦𝑦
0.2−𝑦𝑦

1.6982 = 𝑦𝑦 ½ marks
0.2−𝑦𝑦

y = 0.3396 – 1.6982y ½ marks

0.3396 = y – 1.6982y

0.3396 = 2.6982y

y = 0.3396
2.6982

= 0.1258 ½ marks

[A-] =y = 0.1258 M, [HA] = 0.2 – y = 0.2-0.1258 = 0.0742 M ½ marks

Mol A- = Mx V = 0.1258 M x 5 L = 0.634 mol ½ marks

Mol HA =MxV = 0.0742 M x 5 L = 0.371 mol ½ marks

Weight A- = mol x mw = 0.634 mol x 98.142 g/mol = 62.22 g ½ marks

Weight HA = mol x mw = 0.371 mol x 60.05 g/mol = 22.28 g ½ marks

Volume HA = d= wt/ V; V= wt/d = 22.28 g / 1.06 g/mL = 21.01 mL 1 mark

In order to prepare 5L buffer, weight 62.22 g of potassium acetate and dissolved in 21.01 mL
of glacial acetic acid, then the volume will mark up to 5L and the pH will check once again.

1 mark

(7 marks)