English_11

Chapter 1: 1.
1 Being Neighbourly
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Q 1. (i) | Page 1
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I make friends easily.
SOLUTION
Yes, this applies to me. I make friends very easily.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 1
I wish to be friends with someone but my friendship is rejected.
SOLUTION
No, this does not apply to me. I am a very outgoing person and my friendship is accepted.
Q 1. (iii) | Page 1
Someone has extended a hand of friendship towards me and I have not accepted it.
SOLUTION
No, this does not apply to me. I accept and welcome new friends in my life.
Q 1. (iv) | Page 1
I have a large group of friends but no best buddy.
SOLUTION
No, this does not apply to me. I have a large group of friends. Yet one of my school friends is my best buddy.
Q 1. (v) | Page 1
I have a small group of close friends and have no wish to interact with anyone else.
SOLUTION
No, this does not apply to me. Although I have many friends, I am open to interacting with everyone.
Q 1. (vi) | Page 1
I have cordial relationships with all but I cannot connect with anyone.
SOLUTION
No, this does not apply to me. I have cordial relationships with everyone. But I can also connect at a deeper level with anyone.
Q 2. (i) | Page 1
Complete the following web diagram.
SOLUTION
Q 2. (ii) | Page 1
If you see someone lonely or sad you will –
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
SOLUTION
If I see someone lonely or sad I will –
i. Greet him/her with a genuine smile and ask about his/her well-being.
ii. Offer to go out for a walk with him/her.
iii. Ask him/her whether I can extend my help with anything that has been bothering him/her.
BRAINSTORMING [PAGES 12 - 14]
Q (A1) (i) | Page 12

Jo’s decision to make friends with the lonely boy next door proves to be a good one. Elaborate. You may begin with 'Jo was a bold,
friendly and warm person...'
SOLUTION
Jo was a bold, friendly, and warm person who sensed that something was just not right with Laurie, the boy next door. All the luxuries
and comforts of his home failed to cheer him up and his eyes seemed to be laden with a sense of longing for fun and people. With the
noble intention of comforting Laurie and to make him sociable, Jo set out to befriend the boy next door. As Jo got Laurie talking she
learned about how he found the March family picture perfect and happy in their own world. Jo was indeed right in her assessment of
what exactly was bothering him. Laurie taking Jo‟s advice in the right spirit, their sharing of likes and dislikes, Laurie‟s acceptance to
Jo‟s invite and their laughter filled conversations reveal the success of Jo‟s venture. Given Jo‟s nature, her plan was very unlikely to
have backfired. Her decision to make friends with Laurie proved to be a good one, one that would go on to do a world of good to lonely
Laurie.
Q (A1) (ii) (a) | Page 12

Read the extract 'Being Neighborly' and complete the following statement:
To Jo the fine house seemed like ___________________.
SOLUTION
To Jo, the fine house seemed like a kind of enchanted palace, full of splendors and delights, which no one enjoyed.
Q (A1) (ii) (b) | Page 12

Jo swept a path around the garden for ________________.
SOLUTION
Jo swept a path around the garden for Beth to walk in when the sun came out and the invalid dolls needed air.
Q (A1) (ii) (c) | Page 12

Jo entered the old stone house carrying _______________.
SOLUTION
Jo entered the old stone house carrying blanc-mange in a covered dish in one hand and Beth‟s three kittens in the other.
Q (A1) (ii) (d) | Page 12

In order to tidy the room, Jo __________________.
SOLUTION
In order to tidy the room, Jo brushed the hearth, straightened up the things on the mantelpiece, re-arranged the books and the
bottles, turned the sofa away from light, and plumped up the pillows.
Q (A1) (iii) | Page 12

Bring out the contrast between the two houses with the help of the following points.
SOLUTION
Q (A2) | Page 13
The traits of the characters you meet in the extract are jumbled. Sort them out and write them in the appropriate columns.
(Shy, bold, gruff, friendly, withdrawn, perceptive, empathetic, playful, lonely, happy, gentlemanly, frank, mature, dull, sharp,
adventurous.)
SOLUTION
Q (A3) (i) | Page 13

Write down in your own words the way Laurie confirmed the names of the March sisters.
SOLUTION
Laurie asked Jo whether Beth was the rosy looking sister who stayed at home most of the time and carried a little basket whenever she
went out. He then confirmed if Meg was the one who looked pretty and Amy was the one with curly hair.
Q (A3) (ii) | Page 13

Give a brief account of the interaction between Grandpa and Jo.
SOLUTION
Jo was looking at Laurie‟s grandpa‟s portrait when Laurie‟s grandfather walked into the library. Thinking that it was Laurie who had come
in, Jo started commenting on the portrait without turning to see whether it was actually Laurie who had come in. On hearing Jo‟s
observations about the portrait, Laurie‟s grandpa thanked her. Jo blushed on realising that Laurie‟s grandfather had heard everything. At
first, she wanted to run away, but knowing that she would be termed as a coward if she ran away, Jo decided to stay and face the
situation. Grandpa asked her a few questions and seemed to be pleased with her earnestness. Gauging the situation rightly, Jo boldly
mentioned Laurie‟s plight to grandpa and offered a solution. Grandpa too acknowledged the same. Further, Jo and grandpa had a hearty
conversation about the well-being of the March family. Finally, he urged Jo to visit their house more often. Overall, the interaction
between Jo and grandpa was a dramatic but pleasant one. Jo returned ecstatic about how she had handled the tricky situation.
Q (A4) (i) | Page 13

Find proverbs, maxims, and Idioms related to ‘friendship’.
(a) For example Birds of a feather flock together.
(b) _________________________
(c) _________________________
(d) _________________________
(e) _________________________
SOLUTION
i. Birds of a feather flock together. – Idiom.
ii. A friend in need is a friend indeed. – Latin Proverb.
iii. A friend's eye is a good mirror. – Irish Proverb.
iv. A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. – Grace Pulpit.
v. Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. – Aesop
vi. A friend will tell you things you don‟t want to tell yourself – Frances Ward Weller.
vii. Friends are relatives you make for yourself. – Eustache Deschamps.
viii. A friend accepts us as we yet help us to be what we should. – Author Unknown.
ix. Friends are like walls. Sometimes you lean on them, and sometimes it's just good knowing that they are there. – Author
Unknown.
x. A true friend is one who thinks you are a good egg, even if you are half-cracked – Author Unknown.
Q (A4) (ii) (a) | Page 13

The extract deals with the atmosphere of two homes. Collect the words associated with - Home.
SOLUTION
Home: Brown, bare, shabby, stately, stone, mansion, big coach house, rich, palace, cozy, hearth, mantelpiece, sofa, pillows, lamps.
Q (A4) (ii) (b) | Page 13
The extract deals with the atmosphere of two homes. Collect the words associated with - Library.
SOLUTION
Library: Books, pictures, statues, cabinets, coins, curiosities, hollow chairs, velour chairs, queer tables, bronzes, quaint tiles, portrait.
Q (A4) (ii) (c) | Page 13

The extract deals with the atmosphere of two homes. Collect the words associated with - Garden.
SOLUTION
Garden: Well-kept, conservatory, lawn.
Q (A5) (a) | Page 13

Change into indirect speech.
“Do you like your school?” asked the boy.
“Don’t go to school; I’m a businessman- girl, I mean”, answered Jo.
SOLUTION
The boy wanted to know whether she liked school. To which, Jo answered that she did not go to school. She further added that she was
a businessman, and jovially corrected herself by adding that she meant „girl‟.
Q (A5) (b) | Page 13

Jo flourished her broom as she called out… “How do you do? Are you sick?”
Laurie opened the window and croaked out as hoarsely as a raven……
“Better, thank you. I’ve had a bad cold and been shut up a week.
SOLUTION
Jo asked Laurie about his well being as she flourished her broom. She further enquired whether he was sick.
Laurie opened the window and replied to Jo in a rough and unusual voice that he felt better than earlier and thanked her for her concern.
Laurie added that he had been shut up for a week due to a bad cold.
Q (A5) (c) | Page 13

“The pretty one is Meg and the curly-haired is Amy, I believe?” – Laurie
“How did you find that out?” – Jo
SOLUTION
Laurie confirmed with Jo whether the pretty one was Meg and the curly-haired one was Amy. To this, a surprised Jo counter questioned
Laurie how he had found that out.
Q (A5) (d) | Page 14

“I’m not afraid of anything, “returned Jo, with a toss of the head.
“I don’t believe you are!” exclaimed the boy.
SOLUTION
Tossing her head, Jo replied that she wasn't afraid of anything. To which the boy exclaimed that he too believed she was not afraid of
anything.
Q (A6) (i) | Page 14

Narrate in 100 words an incident, that illustrates the way a friend of yours ‘made you feel happy and accepted’, at some point in
your life.
SOLUTION
True Friendship
I had recently moved to a new city and joined a new college. Though I eventually made a lot of friends in college, the first person who
befriended me was Tanya. On my first day in college, she offered me a seat next to her and we have been friends ever since. I
remember one particular incident that happened when we were in the second year of college. I had chosen a very controversial topic for
the debate competition. When I put forth my argument, everyone, including the judges, didn't like what I had to say. However, Tanya
stood by me and made me understand that I was not wrong. The topic I had chosen was bound to get that kind of reaction and that I
should not let that bother me. Over the next few days, anyone who tried to make me feel bad about the debate topic, Tanya told them off.
Eventually, things got better and I had Tanya to thank for it. She was the one who made me feel happy and accepted when I myself
wasn't convinced that I had done the right thing.
Q (A6) (ii) | Page 14

Give reasons, for us being reluctant to make friends with some strangers, but being comfortable with some, even after meeting them for
the first time.
SOLUTION
Because of the way some people carry themselves, we tend to term them as closed or reserved. The gait, body language, and tone of
these people make them appear unapproachable. Our inhibitions and apprehensions about a negative outcome stop us from befriending
such people. In contrast, some people appear to be warm and welcoming. Their mannerisms and speech indicate that they are willing to
befriend anyone. When we come across such people, we feel that they are far more approachable. The pleasing personality of such
people gives us the impression that we have known them for a long time even though we are meeting them for the first time.

Are friends different from neighbors? Are you friends with your neighbors? Give examples and write.
SOLUTION
Friends and neighbours denote different sets of people but it is possible to have friends who are neighbours and neighbours who are
friends. Interestingly, we become friends with our neighbours very easily as we interact with them on a daily basis. I am friends with
almost all of my neighbours. I started visiting my neighbour, Mrs Deshmukh‟s house, to learn charcoal painting from her. Her son, Aarav,
and I have been great friends ever since.
Q (A6) (iv) | Page 14

Make a note in your exercise book about how people amused themselves in earlier times, without TV, internet, or social media for
entertainment.
SOLUTION
Entertainment in the good old days
TV & the internet were both invented in the early and late 20th century respectively. Other inventions during the 19th and 20th centuries
included a variety of machines and means of communication. Prior to these inventions, a simple job, like sending messages across or
traveling would keep people occupied the whole day. This saved them little time for leisure.
Today, one can simply switch on their TV/computer in their leisure time. But before the advent of TV, the internet, and social media, there
were other ways in which people would amuse themselves. Book-reading, listening to music (live or radio), outdoor and indoor games,
street plays, story-telling are some of the activities that kept them occupied. Rabindranath Tagore is one of the most famous contributors
to the literature, music, and art of that time. Children would spend time playing a variety of games like kho-kho, Gilli danda, marbles, and
kabbadi, to name a few. Chess, carom, ludo, are some of the oldest indoor games that our forefathers have enjoyed playing.
Q (A7) | Page 14
Use your imagination and extend the story in about 100 to 150 words.
SOLUTION
That entire evening Jo couldn't stop smiling. Meg warned Jo that it was still very early to expect Laurie to be normal and social, but Jo
chose to ignore her advice. To Jo‟s utter disappointment, Laurie was nowhere to be seen in the house the following week. “What could
be possibly wrong? Is he sick? Did I freak him out by being overfriendly?” All sorts of questions started creeping into Jo‟s mind.
Finally, on the 7th day, Jo went up to Laurie‟s grandfather to enquire about Laurie. Jo was relieved to know that Laurie was visiting his
uncle for a fortnight. It would be a week more before Jo could invite Laurie over to her house. Jo went to bed early that night. The bell of
the March‟s house rang at the stroke of midnight. It was odd at that hour. Surprise! It was none other than Laurie with a giant birthday
cake for Jo!
Q (A8) | Page 14
If you are social, like to meet new people, can empathise and connect with people easily, make a list of careers available to you, and
write in brief about them. For example: Human Resource Development or HRD.
SOLUTION
i. Human Resource Development

As a human resource manager, you are expected to deal with the company personnel or people at large. Some of the
aspects of this job are recruiting people from varied backgrounds, facilitating their training and development, and ensuring
job satisfaction as well as harmony for people, as the employees of the organisation. All these tasks become fairly simpler if
one is a social and outgoing person.
ii. Teaching
Teaching in a school or college is a job that requires dealing with students and faculty all day. Students always look up to
their teachers as they help the students to learn and grow. This profession is not the best -suited for introverts or shy
people. However, energetic and social individuals can thrive in such education-related careers.
iii. Nursing
Nursing is a specialized profession that involves tending to the sick and interacting with patients, their near ones as well as
healthcare professionals. For someone with good people skills, nursing can be a satisfying job. Patients recover quickly if a
caregiver has a pleasant personality.
Chapter 1: 1.2 On To The Summit : We Reach The Top

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ICE BREAKERS [PAGE 15]
Q 1 | Page 15
Discuss with your partner and complete the web of different activities related to climbing.
SOLUTION
Q 2 | Page 15
There are certain prerequisites for Mountaineering. With reference to the following points, develop a short dialogue between
you and your friend about mountaineering.
SOLUTION
Q 3 | Page 15
Discuss with your partner the various hazards and risks that a mountaineer/ trekker has to face in an expedition.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
SOLUTION
Mountaineering is considered one of the most exciting yet dangerous sports in the world. The dangers involved in mountaineering are:
rockfall, avalanches, inclement weather, equipment failure, falls due to inattention, fatigue or inadequate training, summit fever, and
altitude sickness.
Q (A1) | Page 21
Summarize to the class in your own words the highly risky and dangerous journey of Tenzing and Hillary from the base to the top of Mt.
Everest.
SOLUTION
Tenzing and Hillary set out from Camp Nine early on Friday morning to continue their journey to the Top. Tenzing was determined to
conquer the peak even at the cost of his life. They took turns to take the lead because the one that follows has the difficult job of acting
as the anchor for the team. Tenzing was carrying the flags of Great Britain, Nepal, India, and the United Nations in order to plant them at
the summit. After an hour of steady climbing, they had to cut across the south face and begin climbing the west side where they had to
cross a steep line of rocks. This proved to be difficult and thus took some time. However, once they had cleared these, they only had to
make it past a snow-covered incline. This became progressively easier as the steepness of the incline decreased as they neared the top.
Although the last sixty or seventy feet up the top were not very dangerous, they maintained the same steady pace and reached the
small, flattened summit almost together. The rope that was tied between them was a symbol of their teamwork and companionship.
Q (A2) (i) | Page 21
Complete the web highlighting the feelings/emotions of Tenzing after reaching the summit.
SOLUTION
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 21
Glance through the text again and explain the qualities of Tenzing Norgay. Pick lines that show his unique qualities. One is
done for you.
Q (A2) (iii) (i) | Page 21

Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit': Red Scarf.
SOLUTION
a. The author was wearing a red scarf at the summit which was given to him by his great friend, Lambert. Lambert had been the leader of
the 1952 Swiss Expedition to the summit, of which the author had been apart.
b. The author had worn the scarf all the way up the mountain from Darjeeling as a mark of respect and admiration for his friend.
c. In his moment of historic success, not only did the author remember his close friend, but also wished he were there.
d. By wearing the scarf, the author acknowledged Lambert‘s contribution to the journey and stated that it gave him a feeling of having his
friend with him at the top.
Thus, the scarf was a tribute to his friend.
Q (A2) (iii) (ii) | Page 21
Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit': husiar.
SOLUTION
a. The word, 'husiar‘ means 'caution‘.
b. The climb down from the summit was more difficult and dangerous than the climb up.
c. There was a greater danger of slipping and falling into the Kangshung glacier below.
d. Thus, even though climbing down took less time than climbing up, the author and Hillary had to be comparatively more cautious.
e. With regard to this, the author notes that they needed 'husiar‘ while coming down.
Q (A2) (iii) (iii) | Page 21

Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit': Kerosene flavoured tea.
SOLUTION
a. After their historic conquer of Everest, the author and Hillary met other teammates on their way down, with whom they shared the
news of their victory.
b. As they got nearer to Camp Eight, one of the teammates, Noyce, brought them tea.
c. Mountaineers often use kerosene stoves for cooking which leaves the smell of the fuel in the food.
d. The tea was thus kerosene flavoured because Noyce had made in a hurry on the stove. This shows his excitement and eagerness to
meet the author and Hillary and congratulate them on their success.
e. In spite of the unpleasant smell of the tea, the author drinks it, which highlights his acknowledgment of the efforts of his friend and the
bond of their friendship. It also shows that the author was too happy to worry about the taste of the tea.
Q (A2) (iii) (iv) | Page 21

Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit': Ice axe.
SOLUTION
a. The ice axe is a hiking and climbing tool, typically used to help the mountaineer while ascending.
b. In the given extract, the author uses one end of the ice axe to hold the flags of Great Britain, Nepal, the United Nations, and India, up
high at the summit.
c. It is important to note that since the journey up the mountain was dangerous and tiring, the author did not carry any special instrument
to help him hoist the flags.
d. However, at the top of the summit, his will to plant the flags was so strong that he used whatever resource he had to make it happen.
As a mountaineer, his ice axe was the most obvious tool for the job. Thus, the ice axe became part of the great moment.
e. This moment was captured by Hillary as proof and memory of their historic feat.
Q (A2) (iii) (v) | Page 21

Write down the significance of the following in the context of 'On to the Summit': Anchor.
SOLUTION
a. An anchor is a device or method used to support the climber‘s weight. It is primarily used as protection from falling.
b. In the given extract, Tenzing and Hillary are described as a two-man rope team. They were joined by a safety rope to protect them
from a fall.
c. The author notes that on their ascent to the top, his partner, Hillary, and he, would take turns to lead the climb.
d. In such a situation, the one who follows acts like an anchor and must support the weight of the leading climber in case of a slip or fall.
This is a difficult job and therefore was performed by both of them in an alternate fashion.
e. Given the life–saving nature of the technique, it is clear that the two of them had to trust each other with their lives, and hence, the
author implies that they were each other‘s anchors.
Q (A3) (i) | Page 21

Add suitable suffixes (-tion,- ly, -ment, -ous) and prefixes (un, il, im) to the words given below. One is done for you.
SOLUTION
Q (A3) (ii) | Page 22

By filling appropriate letters in the blank spaces, you will get a past participle from it. Use the word as an adjective in your own
sentence. One is done for you.
(a) s _ _ n _ d
Word- signed. The advocate took all the signed documents to the court.
(b) p_ _ z _ d
(c) f_ _ t_ e n e_
(d) b _ i _ e_
SOLUTION
i. Word – prized. The pearl necklace handed down to Ramona by her dying grandmother was her prized possession.
ii. Word – fastened. Rohit fastened the dog‘s leash to a nearby pole for a few minutes while he visited the store.
iii. Word – boiled. The milk had boiled over by the time Rama remembered to switch off the stove.
Q (A3) (iii) (a) | Page 22

Spot the error. One is done for you.
I was not afraid to die that day.
Correct Sentence- I was not afraid to die that day.
Tenzing and Hillary made an pact at the office of the PM of Nepal.
SOLUTION
Tenzing and Hillary made a pact at the office of the PM of Nepal.
Q (A3) (iii) (b) | Page 22

I has to bring my ice axe down with me.
SOLUTION
I had to bring my ice axe down with me.
Q (A3) (iii) (c) | Page 22

Tenzing have spent a night with Camp Eight.
SOLUTION
Tenzing has spent a night at Camp Eight.
Q (A3) (iii) (d) | Page 22

Pact was signed from Tenzing and Hillary.
SOLUTION
A pact was signed between Tenzing and Hillary.
Q (A3) (iii) (e) | Page 22

Spot the error.
One is done for you. I was not afraid to die that day.
I and Hillary were in no mood of talking.
SOLUTION
Hillary and I were in no mood for talking.
Q (A4) (a) | Page 22

When Tenzing and Hillary reached the summit, Tenzing in utter joy said, “We have done it.” In this sentence, the subject (we) is the doer
of the action while (achieving the feat) is the subject. The verb of passive voice is formed by using the correct form of the verb ‘to be’ +
past participle of the main verb. Construct the sentence accordingly.
Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do the changes accordingly in the remaining sentence.
• We have done it.
It has been done by us.
We made a pact.
SOLUTION
A pact was made by us.
Q (A4) (b) | Page 22

past participle of the main verb. Construct the sentence accordingly.
Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do the changes accordingly in the remaining sentence.
I offered the silent prayer in my heart.
SOLUTION
A silent prayer was offered in my heart by me.
Q (A4) (c) | Page 22

past participle of the main verb. Construct the sentence accordingly. Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do
the changes accordingly in the remaining sentence.
Colonel Hunt gave me three flags.
SOLUTION
Three flags were given to me by Colonel Hunt.
Q (A4) (d) | Page 22
I was carrying the Indian flag.
SOLUTION
The Indian flag was being carried by me.
Q (A4) (e) | Page 22

I took photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags.
SOLUTION
Photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags were taken by me.
Q (A4) (f) | Page 22

I remembered him.
SOLUTION
He was remembered by me.
Q (A4) (g) | Page 22

We spent the night at Camp Eight.
SOLUTION
The night was spent by us at Camp Eight.
Q (A5) (i) | Page 22

After reading the text one can easily understand that there is a lot of risks involved in mountaineering. Write in short about any adventure
sport that you like and the risk involved in it.
SOLUTION
Scuba Diving – A Risky Adventure
Adventure sports come with their dose of thrill and excitement. Not only do they give one an adrenaline rush, but also keep them longing
for more. An adventure sport that I really like is scuba diving. Not only is it a test of one‘s swimming abilities but also a treat for the eyes.
Deep diving into the ocean leaves the diver spellbound as he encounters the marine flora and fauna. But, like any other adventure sport,
scuba diving presents its own set of risks. A limited supply of oxygen and concentration of other gases as one descends into the depths
makes the diver vulnerable to a variety of health risks such as decompression sickness, drowning, etc. In addition, there is always the
looming fear of the predatory creatures of the ocean. Wild sea creatures, though non-aggressive, can prove dangerous when fussed
with. With good training and a little daring attitude, one can see a completely different world; and that is definitely worth a try! Risks are
inevitable, but one must choose wisely. Scuba diving may not be the least risky sport, but it surely deserves a shot! As the famous
novelist Douglas Coupland quotes, ''Adventure without risk is Disneyland.''
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 23

Give your opinion: Whether we should or should not participate in adventure sports because __________________.
SOLUTION
I firmly believe that we must participate in adventure sports. Though adventure sports come with their fair share of risks, they also
provide us with a sense of adventure that cannot be obtained through other sports. In addition, they test our physical and mental abilities
and thus make us stronger. Due to their risky nature, they also train us to have quick responses and presence of mind as there is always
a fear of something going wrong in the flash of a second. Moreover, they help us overcome our deepest fear which, in turn, gives us the
courage to tackle any obstacle in life.
Q (A6) (i) | Page 23

Tenzing and Hillary created history by reaching the summit of Mt. Everest. There are many mountains in Maharashtra where one can
fancy his or her chances of climbing them. Imagine that you have climbed a mountain and are immensely thrilled and excited. Write a
letter to your friend about it.
SOLUTION
A/9,501,
Srushty Apartments,
Andheri (W).
15th July 2019
Dear Vedant,
I hope this letter finds you in the pink of health. I apologize for not having written to you for so long.
I recently had the pleasure of undertaking the Kalsubai Trek and I am very excited to tell you about my experience. Kalsubai, at an
elevation of 1646 meters, is the highest point in Maharashtra.
We chose to take the train since railway tickets proved to be cost-effective. We set out on our journey on Saturday morning and reached
Kasara Railway station by 7 a.m. Local taxis ferrying trekkers to the base village, Bari, were readily available. The trekking trail was
about 6.4 km long and popular among trekkers. Iron ladders were built along the vertical hill slopes for a safe ascent. Owing to the
monsoon showers, the path got trickier as we climbed since the rocks were slippery and visibility was limited.
However, the sheer joy of trekking and experiencing nature in all its glory was worth every minute of the experience. The lush green
paddy fields, the view of the water-falls, and the sight of the Bhandardhara Dam left us mesmerized. We reached a peak after 4 hours of
trekking and were spellbound by the magnificent view from the top. It felt like we were at the top of the world! The light drizzle and the
cold winds added to the joy of the experience.
Knowing your love for adventure, I am sure you would enjoy such an experience. Hopefully, we can plan something together soon.
Yours faithfully,
Rahul
Q (A6) (ii) | Page 23

You are the college representative and your Principal has assigned you the task of writing a letter to the Divisional Officer, Satpuda
Mountain Ranges, Nagpur, seeking permission for the mountaineering expedition to be organized by your college.
SOLUTION
Bhavan's College,
Kothrud,
Pune – 38
15th June 2019
The Divisional Officer,
Satpuda Mountain Ranges,
Nagpur
Subject: Seeking permission for organizing a mountaineering expedition in the Satpuda Mountain Ranges
Respected Sir,
I, Rahul Sharma, am writing to you in my capacity as the college representative of Bhavan's College to seek your permission to organize
a mountaineering expedition in the Satpuda Ranges.
The Student Council Committee has chalked out a 3-day expedition from 10th July to 12th July.
The enrolment is open to senior students only and the aim is to give the students an opportunity to witness the beauty of nature while
giving them a taste of adventure. A total of 20 students accompanied by the faculty head of the Sports Department and the Assistant-In-
Charge for Sports will be part of this expedition. We also intend to visit the Melghat Tiger Reserve and the Narnala Fort situated in the
vicinity. In addition, we wish to survey the local flora and fauna of the area and interact with the local inhabitants.
We are committed to making this a learning experience and welcome any suggestions that you might have. I hope that you will grant us
permission to explore the beauty of the Satpuda ranges.
Yours sincerely,
Rahul Sharma
(College Representative, Bhavan's College)

Convert the letter into an e-mail format.
SOLUTION
Q (A7) | Page 24
Go to your college library or surf the internet for names of various mountaineers who have successfully climbed Mt. Everest. Write in
your notebook about their struggles, the interesting anecdotes they have shared, their failures, and the message that we get from their
lives. Submit them to your teacher.
SOLUTION
Students are supposed to attempt the above activity on their own.
COMPARISONS [PAGE 24]
Q 1.1 | Page 24
Look at the sentences given below. Find out which one is correct. If the sentence is wrong give reasons.
1. Sunita is the quieter of four sisters.
2. Sunita is the quietest of the four sisters.
SOLUTION
Sunita is the quietest of the four sisters.
Explanation:
When there is a comparison of more than two nouns, the superlative form (quietest) of the adjective must be used.
Q 1.2 | Page 24
1. Anil’s computer is more new than mine.
2. Anil’s computer is newer than mine.
SOLUTION
Anil’s computer is newer than mine.
Explanation:
The rule for choosing the right form of the adjective is that if the word has one syllable (new), the comparative form is created by adding
'er‘ to the word.
Q 1.3 | Page 24
1. I have the wonderfullest of mother in the world.
2. I have the most wonderful mother in the world.
SOLUTION
I have the most wonderful mother in the world.
Explanation:
The rule for choosing the right form of the adjective is that if the word has more than two syllables (wonderful has three), the comparative
form is created by adding 'most‘ before the word.
Q 1.4 | Page 24
1. Aditi is more carefuller than Mary.
2. Aditi is more careful than Mary.
SOLUTION
Aditi is more careful than Mary.
Explanation:
The rule for choosing the right form of the adjective is that if the word has two syllables (careful has two), the comparative form is created
by adding 'most‘ before the word.
Q 2.1 | Page 24
When we compare two nouns, we use comparative adjectives. When we compare more than two nouns, we use superlative adjectives.
For Example. –
a. Milind is taller than John.
b. Zakir is the tallest of the three brothers.
Look at the following sentence and observe the changes in the sentence. Discuss the changes and note your responses: Atul is not as
bright as Milind in studies.
SOLUTION
The form of the adjective (bright) was positive in the first sentence because there is no difference between the qualities of the two nouns
that are being compared.
Q 2.2 | Page 24
For Example. –
Look at the following sentence and observe the changes in the sentence. Discuss the changes and note your responses: The dining
room is brighter than the kitchen.
SOLUTION
In the second sentence, the comparative form of the adjective (brighter) is used because there is a comparison between two nouns.
Q 2.3 | Page 24
For Example. –
Look at the following sentence and observe the changes in the sentence. Discuss the changes and note your responses: Anne is the
brightest girl in class.
SOLUTION
In the third sentence, the superlative form of the adjective (brightest) is used because there is a comparison between more than two
nouns.
Q 3 | Page 24
Make a list of adjectives in three different forms of comparison. Use different texts to find these.
SOLUTION
Q (a) | Page 24
Fill in the blank with comparative, superlative, and positive forms of the correct adjective in the bracket.
You are very naughty. You are _____________ your brother (clever).
SOLUTION
You are very naughty. You are more clever than your brother.
Q (b) | Page 24
The tiger is the _____________ animal in the zoo (dangerous).
SOLUTION
The tiger is the most dangerous animal in the zoo.
Q (c) | Page 24
This is _____________ a road in town. (busy)
SOLUTION
This is the busiest road in town.
Q (d) | Page 24
My new house is ______________ the one I used to live in. (big)
SOLUTION
My new house is bigger than the one I used to live in.
Q (e) | Page 24
He is the _______________ boy in class. (forgetful)
SOLUTION
He is the most forgetful boy in class.
Chapter 1: 1.3 The Call of the Soil
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Q 1. (a) | Page 25
Discuss the following with your partner and complete the following sentence.
Before eating apples brought from the market, I wash and peel them off ____________________.
SOLUTION
Before eating apples brought from the market, I wash and peel them off because the outer layer of the apple contains wax
coating.
Q 1. (b) | Page 25
In a farmers’ market, we find _______________.
SOLUTION
In a farmers’ market, we find seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Q 1. (c) | Page 25
Food adulteration means _________________.
SOLUTION
Food adulteration means the addition of other substances that degrade the quality of food.
Q 1. (d) | Page 25
Organic food is grown by using __________________.
SOLUTION
Organic food is grown by using organic seeds and traditional methods.
Q 1. (e) | Page 25
Organic fertilizer means ______________.
SOLUTION
Organic fertilizer means manure/plant compost.
Q 2 | Page 25
Q 3. (i) | Page 25
Find out from your grandparents or parents the names of vegetables and fruits they had eaten in their childhood and mention how the
vegetables and fruits are different from the one's today.
Q 3. (ii) | Page 25
You might have learned about organic farming. Make groups and discuss the difference between conventional farming and organic
farming and write it down.
Q (A1) (i) (a) | Page 31

Read the extract and state whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
Growing in abundance is more important than the quality of the crop.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Growing in abundance is more important than the quality of the crop - False.
Explanation:
According to the author, the quality of the crop is more important than its quantity.
Q (A1) (i) (b) | Page 31

The author wanted to grow the desi variety of rice.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The author wanted to grow the desi variety of rice - True.
Q (A1) (i) (c) | Page 31

The author did not succeed in finding Kasbai.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The author did not succeed in finding Kasbai - False.
Explanation:
The author succeeded in finding Kasbai but with great difficulty.
Q (A1) (i) (d) | Page 31

The aroma of the ‘desi’ rice would spread around the village.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The aroma of the ‘desi’ rice would spread around the village - True.
Q (A1) (i) (e) | Page 31

Newer hybrid crops have a great appetite for chemicals.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Newer hybrid crops have a great appetite for chemicals. - True.
Q (A1) (i) (f) | Page 31
The author is an example of ‘reverse migration’.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The author is an example of ‘reverse migration’ - True.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 31

Complete the flow chart. Consider this as an example of Note-Making.
Q (A1) (iii) (a) | Page 32
Fill in the blank.
The author wanted to grow ______________.
SOLUTION
The author wanted to grow organic moong.
Q (A1) (iii) (b) | Page 32

Fill in the blank.
Moru Dada wanted to spray __________ on the moong crop.
SOLUTION
Moru Dada wanted to spray pesticides on the moong crop.
Q (A1) (iii) (c) | Page 32

Fill in the blank.
Baban’s father and some elders mentioned the name of __________.
SOLUTION
Baban’s father and some elders mentioned the name of Kasbai.
Q (A1) (iii) (d) | Page 32

Fill in the blank.
“Hybrids need more _____________”, said Devu Handa.
SOLUTION
“Hybrids need more water, fertilizers, and pesticides”, said Devu Handa.
Q (A1) (iii) (e) | Page 32

Fill in the blank.
The author bought _______________ kilos of rice from an Adivasi woman who lived in remote hills.
SOLUTION
The author bought ten kilos of rice from an Adivasi woman who lived in remote hills.
Q (A2) (i) | Page 32

List the reactions of the agricultural officer to the author’s inquiry about Kasbai rice seeds. One is done for you.
(a) He had not heard of Kasbai.
(b) ___________________________
(c) ___________________________
SOLUTION
1. He had not heard of kasbai rice seeds.
2. He uttered the names of latest hybrids.
3. He also offered to give the author some hybrid seeds free of cost.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 32

Go through the text once again and note down Devu Handa’s fond memories of Kasbai in your exercise book. One is done for
you.
Devu Handa has fond memories of Kasbai. They are as follows!
(a) It needs ______________ rain.
(b) _________________
(c) _________________
SOLUTION
a. It needs less rain.
b. It has an alluring aroma.
c. It is a long duration of rice.
Q (A3) (i) | Page 32

The writer says he grew ‘an awful lot of moong’. Explain the word 'awful' in this sentence.
SOLUTION
The word 'awful' in this context means 'a large amount.'
Q (A3) (ii) | Page 32

The word scent is different from its synonyms aroma, fragrance, or perfume. Explain how the word 'scent' in the subtitle ‘Scent of the
Rice’, has a deeper meaning than ‘perfume’ or ‘fragrance’. Tick phrases having a similar meaning from the following:
a. In pursuit of
b. To smell a rat
c. To be keen
d. On the trail of
e. To feel under the weather
SOLUTION
The word 'scent' in the title 'Scent of the Rice', carries a feeling within itself. It suggests a sense of belongingness. Also, it refers to the
tracing of smell and hence, it is different from its synonyms 'perfume' and 'fragrance' in this context.
The phrases having a similar meaning are:
1. In pursuit of
2. On the trail of
Q (A4) | Page 33
Read the following sentence:
i. She muttered in reply and we looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
ii. These are two complete sentences underlying the above sentence.
a. She muttered in reply.
b. We looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
These two sentences are put together by using the coordinating conjunction ‘and’. Such sentences are joined by coordinating
conjunctions (and/ but/ either...or; neither...nor) are called compound sentences.
Sentence ‘a’ and ‘b’ are Simple Sentences. Each of them has only one subject and one predicate.
Sentence ‘a’ and ‘b’ can be written in another way.
As she muttered in reply, we looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
This sentence begins with a subordinating conjunction ‘As’. This is a complex sentence.
Two simple sentences joined by subordinate conjunctions are called complex sentences. The subordinate conjunction need not always
be at the beginning of the sentence.
Make pairs and groups and find out some more simple, complex, and compound sentences from the text.
SOLUTION
Simple – It was April 2004.
Compound – It was just before sunrise and the sky was turning a bright orange.
Complex – I stood watching the sunrise above the towering trees across the fence and slowly made my way back to the house, a white
structure in the middle of this greenery.
Q (A4) | Page 33
Read the following sentence:
(i) She muttered in reply and we looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
(ii) These are two complete sentences underlying the above sentence.
a. She muttered in reply.
b. We looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
These two sentences are put together by using the coordinating conjunction ‘and’. Such sentences are joined by coordinating
conjunctions (and/ but/ either...or; neither...nor) are called compound sentences.
Sentence ‘a’ and ‘b’ are Simple Sentences. Each of them has only one subject and one predicate.
Sentence ‘a’ and ‘b’ can be written in another way.
As she muttered in reply, we looked at Jeevan for a quick interpretation.
This sentence begins with a subordinating conjunction ‘As’. This is a complex sentence.
Two simple sentences joined by subordinate conjunctions are called complex sentences. The subordinate conjunction need not always
be at the beginning of the sentence.
Prepare a list of subordinating conjunctions.
SOLUTION
but, and, than, that, which, when, who, as much as, etc.
Q (A5) (i) | Page 33

Planting and growing more crops a year seems to be progressed by normal standards, but the chapter makes a case against it. Give
reasons.
SOLUTION
According to normal standards, growing more crops a year is indeed progressive but the chapter makes a case against it because, in the
name of progress, we are being fed hybrid crops and adulterated food items. We are inching towards illnesses and poor health with
pesticide infested products and artificial agricultural enhancers. This will only lead to health risks.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 33

Describe in about 150 words your experience similar to the writer’s when you pursued something and reached your goal.
SOLUTION
I wanted to pursue Warli painting classes, but could not find any professional artist near my residence to coach me. I looked for online
classes but failed in that attempt too. I asked my friends to check near their residential areas in and around Mumbai, still I failed to gather
any positive news. Finally, one fine morning, while I was travelling back from college, I met a middleaged lady who was carrying a
handbag with Warli artwork on it.
I was instantly drawn to that bag and she noticed my expression. She ended up asking me about my interest in her bag. I was
embarrassed at first but then told her about my love for Warli painting.
She had a smile on her face. She told me that she belonged to Palghar district and that her forefathers dealt in that art. My happiness
knew no bounds when at last, I got to know that I could take classes from her, starting from the upcoming Sunday.

The writer goes in search of an invaluable indigenous variety of seeds. List three reasons for the importance of keeping records of our
indigenous agricultural practices.
SOLUTION
The following are the reasons for keeping records of our indigenous agricultural practices:
i. to compare traditional farming practices with conventional farming.
ii. to compare the fertility of land after each harvest that has been done using modern technology.
iii. to maintain and safeguard agricultural productivity based on utility.
Q (A5) (iv) | Page 33

Write a blog in about 100 to 150 words on organic farming.
Q (A5) (v) | Page 34

Write a short paragraph in about 120 words, to be used as Counter-View for the following topic. 'Buy a bigger cloth for your
coat'. View Section:
a. We cannot survive by the dictum 'Cut your cloth according to your coat' in today's world.
b. In the modern world, we should 'Think Big'.
c. Think of increasing your income instead of reducing your needs. d. We cannot deny ourselves, what the new world offers us.
SOLUTION
We should always wear what fits our size, nothing more; nothing less. Thinking big is the need of the hour; not wearing bigger clothes!
To think big doesn't just mean to live a king-size life and waste money on luxuries. Thinking big in rational terms means thinking for
others too. Reducing your daily needs, cutting down on luxuries, and focusing on basic requirements will help take care of other‟s needs.
Not just that, it will help to save resources for the use of future generations. The new world has a lot to offer, but we should know the limit
and draw a line where our needs meet and our greed ends. This will only pave way for a happy and fulfilling life.
Q (A5) (vi) | Page 34

'Organic farming is the need of the time'. Write your views in favour of and against the statement.
SOLUTION
Q (A5) (vii) | Page 34

Appeal your classmates to say 'No to Junk Food'. Write an appeal to prefer organic food over junk food.
SOLUTION
Q (A6) (i) | Page 34

Plant the seed of a flower or fruit of your choice in a pot or in your garden. Note its growth every day and maintain a diary recording its
progress.
SOLUTION
Students are expected to attempt the above activities on their own.
Q (A6) (ii) | Page 34

Find out more career opportunities in the field of agriculture, organic farming, sales, storage, distribution, and marketing
research.
SOLUTION
Students are expected to attempt the above activities on their own.
Chapter 1: 1.4Pillars of Democracy
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Q 1. (i) | Page 35
Discuss with your partner and choose the correct alternative.
‘Government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth’. This famous statement is made by -
______________________.
1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Nelson Mandela
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. Dalai Lama
SOLUTION
‘Government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth’. This famous statement is made by -
Abraham Lincoln.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 35
A system where the government is elected and ruled by people is called - ________________.
1. Bureaucracy
2. Aristocracy
3. Democracy
4. Autocracy
SOLUTION
A system where the government is elected and ruled by people is called - Democracy.
Q 1. (iii) | Page 35
A democratic country is governed by, its - __________________.
1. Military
2. Police
3. Politicians
4. Constitution
SOLUTION
A democratic country is governed by, its - Constitution.
Q 2. (i) | Page 35
The trinity of democracy comprises three principles. Complete the web to show the trinity of democracy.
Q 2. (ii) | Page 35
Match the following.
Pillars form support for concrete buildings. Metaphorically speaking a strong nation too depends on strong pillars. Discuss with your
partner and explain the pillars of a democratic nation. Make a list of obstacles that are a threat to the progress of a nation.
SOLUTION
The Legislature, the executive, the judiciary, and the press are the 4 important pillars of a democratic nation.
1. Legislature
The legislature is an indispensable part of a democratic government that formulates the laws for a country
through representatives elected by voting. Legislature includes the parliament and the state assemblies. When
people‟s representatives strongly deliberate the laws in a legislature, democracy emerges victorious.
2. Executive
The president, the prime minister, his cabinet, and bureaucrats form the executive, the second pillar of democracy. These
a democracy carry out the implementation of policies and laws for the welfare of the people. A strong
offices in
executive force is necessary for the smooth functioning of a democracy.
3. Judiciary
The judiciary looks after the application of law and constitution and gives impartial judgments in matters of state and individuals .
The pillar of the judiciary plays a vital role in maintaining law and order and imparting justice in a democracy.
4. Press
The press communicates issues of public importance to the masses. Press is yet another important pillar of democracy that
keeps a check on the government and ultimately serves the public interest. Listed below are some of the obstacles that are a
threat to the progress of a nation:
i. unemployment
ii. illiteracy
iii. population growth
iv. inflation
v. rising inequality
vi. corruption
vii. poverty
viii. red-tapism
ix. terrorism
x. black money
xi. interstate disharmony
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Form groups and use the following topic for discussion. Take the help of your college library and your teacher.
Need for democracy
SOLUTION
Need for democracy
1. Democracy is a fair way to put people into power.
2. Freedom granted to individuals to live a life of their choice.
3. Criticism from opposition to the government in power
4. Citizen's right to question every action of a democratic government.
5. Disadvantages of other forms of government.
6. Citizens of other countries suffering at the hands of supreme authority.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Features of the Constitution of India
SOLUTION
Features of the constitution of India
1. Drafting of the constitution of India
2. Its structure – Parts, schedules, and appendices
3. Sections pertaining to the legislature, government, and judiciary
4. flexibility and scope for amendments.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Freedom of speech
SOLUTION
Freedom of speech
1. The meaning and what it stands for
2. The necessity of freedom of speech
3. How people can suffer if freedom of speech is denied
4. Adverse consequences of misuse of freedom of speech.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Dictatorship Vs Democracy
SOLUTION
Dictatorship Vs Democracy
1. explanation of the two terms
2. the way two governments function
3. examples of countries following each of the two systems
4. advantages of democracy over dictatorship
5. Situations that justify the need for dictatorship.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Qualities of an ideal politician
SOLUTION
Qualities of an ideal politician
1. clean track record
2. a technically skilled and good orator
3. should be delivering on his promises
4. must be honest and have integrity
5. strive towards the public interest.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 39

Equality before law
SOLUTION
Equality before law
1. all citizens are equal before the law
2. no discrimination based on race, religion, gender, caste, and place of birth.
3. why is it necessary in a democracy
4. examples from the past that portray equality before the law.
Q (A1) (ii) (a) | Page 39

State whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
There is nothing wrong with being grateful to great men.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
There is nothing wrong with being grateful to great men - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (b) | Page 39

Hero-worship leads to dictatorship.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Hero-worship leads to dictatorship - False.
Explanation:
Hero-worship in 'politics' leads to dictatorship.
Q (A1) (ii) (c) | Page 39

Liberty cannot be divorced from equality.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Liberty cannot be divorced from equality - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (d) | Page 39

One man one vote and one vote one value.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
One man one vote and one vote one value - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (e) | Page 39

Fraternity means common sense.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Fraternity means common sense - False.
Explanation:
Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood.

In his speech, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar has expressed his deep concern over the absence of two things in the then Indian society.
Discuss with your partner and complete the web.
Q (A2) (i) | Page 40

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar has cited the quotes by John Stuart Mill and Daniel O’Connel. Go through the lesson and write down 4 to 5
lines for each of them.
SOLUTION
John Stuart Mill
i. In the extract, John Stuart Mill has been quoted as “(not) to lay their liberties at the feet of even a great man, or to trust him
with powers which enable him to subvert their institutions.”
ii. This is a word of caution for the people who trust in democracy.
iii. It is but natural to get overwhelmed by the achievements of a great man.
iv. At the same time, it is not wise enough to entrust him with all the powers that he can possibly misuse which
can eventually cause damage to the institution.
Daniel O'Connell
i. In the same extract, Daniel O'Connel has been quoted as 'No man can be grateful at the cost of his honour,
no woman can be grateful at the cost of her chastity and no nation can be grateful at the cost of its liberty.'
ii. Daniels talks about the limitations of being grateful to great men.
iii. Similar to how a man and a woman need to safeguard their honour and chastity respectively while being
grateful, a nation must safeguard its liberty.
iv. In short, the quote emphasizes the importance of liberty when compared to gratefulness.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 40

Discuss with your partner and make a list of steps that you feel are essential to unite the people of different castes, races, religions, and
languages in India.
SOLUTION
Students do it yourself.
Q (A2) (iii) (a) | Page 40

Write your views/opinions in brief on the following topic.
We must always cast our votes.
SOLUTION
Voting is every citizen's right in a democracy and it should be exercised religiously. Voting makes sure the right candidates get elected
and run our government. We cannot blame the non-performance of a government if we do not turn out to vote. Not casting a vote is
equivalent to not having faith in democracy.
Q (A2) (iii) (b) | Page 40

Liberty, equality, and fraternity lead to an ideal nation.
SOLUTION
Liberty, equality, and fraternity are considered the trinity of democracy. Liberty gives impetus for progress, equality ensures equal
opportunities, and contentment and fraternity provide a healthy atmosphere and solidarity in times of distress. These three essentials go
hand in hand in an ideal nation.
Q (A2) (iii) (c) | Page 40

Steps to be taken to eradicate inequality.
SOLUTION
The preliminary steps to eradicate inequality are imparting education and empowering individuals. The steps to eradicate economic
inequality would include employment generation and redistribution of wealth. This can be achieved by a progressive collection of taxes.
Social inequality needs to be addressed through social awareness. Strict laws should be formulated and implemented against those who
indulge in discrimination.
Q (A2) (iii) (d) | Page 40

Role of youth in creating social awareness.
SOLUTION
The youth are the future of a nation. Their contemporary views matter the most and should reach the masses at large. They are an
energetic lot and have the ability to execute changes. They know what is in their best interest, and with technology by their side, the
youth has all the avenues necessary to create social awareness.
Q (A3) (i) | Page 40

Let’s use the Thesaurus. Along with your partner, go to the library or search the internet for a standard Thesaurus to complete
the following table. One is done for you.
Q (A3) (ii) | Page 40
Homograph: Homograph is a word spelled and pronounced like another word but with a different meaning.
For example: the word ‘fast’ has two meanings. The different meanings are –
fast- hold firmly
fast- to abstain from food
fast- opposite of slow.
Go through the text again and make a list of meanings of all the homographs that are found in the text. Also, make a list of
such words that you know, heard, or read somewhere.
SOLUTION
The following homographs can be found in the extract:
form – Visible shape of a thing
form – a document with information
left – relating to side
left – Past tense of leave
deal – Commercial activity or trading
deal – Distributing cards in order
second – Numerically following the first
second – unit for measuring time
feet – The base of legs
feet – unit for measuring length
even – flat or smooth
even – emphasize with surprise
even – any number divisible by 2 without leaving a remainder
part – some but not the whole of anything
part – move away from each other accent, bat, grave, leave, letter, record, just, park, the wound are some other homographs that we
commonly hear.
Q (A4) (i) (a) | Page 40

Go through the statement taken from the text – ‘The social democracy means a way of life which recognises liberty, equality,
and fraternity’.
The underlined part of the statement provides us some facts/information about social democracy. The remaining part of the sentence
which is not underlined can be converted into a wh-question.
What does social democracy mean?

Now go through the underlined part of the statement/sentence given below and change them into question by using the appropriate Wh-
form.
In Politics, we will be recognizing the principle of ‘one man one vote’ and ‘one vote one value’.
SOLUTION
Which principle will we be recognising in Politics?
Q (A4) (i) (b) | Page 41

Go through the statement taken from the text – ‘The social democracy means a way of life which recognises liberty, equality, and
fraternity’.

form.
The politically minded Indians preferred the expression ‘the Indian nation’.
SOLUTION
Which expression was preferred by the politically-minded Indians?
Q (A4) (i) (c) | Page 41

Go through the statement taken from the text – ‘The social democracy means a way of life which recognises liberty, equality,
and fraternity’.

form.
Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians.
SOLUTION
What does fraternity mean?
Q (A4) (i) | Page 41

Make a list of various prepositions, write their definition, and make sentences of your own. Here are some prepositions that will
definitely be brainstorming for you.
• in, into, inside

• on, onto, above, over
• beside, besides
• for, from, since
• to, towards
• down, below, under, beneath, underneath
• between, among, amongst (And the list goes on _____)
SOLUTION
i. Rama stood first in the class.

ii. Jay somehow crawled into the elevator.
iii. Steve went inside the cave.
iv. The matchstick was lying on the shelf.
v. Sneha somehow climbed onto the roof.
vi. Shreyas placed the lamp above the table.
vii. The Jumbo-jet flew over the city.
viii. The teacher sat beside Arya to explain the solution to the problem.
ix. Besides selling bread, the bakery also sold cakes.
x. Shreyas played for his home team.
xi. Jiya earned her degree from a reputed college.
xii. Ravi knew Jay's medical condition since a long time.
xiii. The driver wanted to drink water.
xiv. The horse went towards the lake.
xv. The house went down like a pack of cards.
xvi. Sanjay‟s name was right below Sanjana‟s name.
xvii. Thankfully there was nobody under the car shed.
xviii. The layer of rock usually lies beneath the layer of soil.
xix. Krishna always forgets his earphones underneath the blanket.
xx. The battle between the arch-rivals was a fierce one.
xxi. Rajas preferred to stay among his community members.
xxii. The elephant is the largest amongst all land animals.
Q (A5) | Page 42
How to prepare a speech.
With the help of the steps given above write a speech on the following topic - Duties of an ideal citizen.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q (A5) | Page 42
How to prepare a speech
With the help of the steps given above write speech on the following topic - Equality: A blessing.
SOLUTION
Equality: A blessing
A very good evening to all the attendees! I, Ms. ______ would be speaking on the topic „Equality – A Blessing ‟.
We may have different religions, languages, and skin-colour, but we all belong to just one race – the human race; and as humans, we
are all equal. What is equality? Equality is when men and women are paid equally? No! It is when the remuneration depends on the role
and not the gender. Is it when equal employment opportunities are created? No! It is when opportunities match the merit. Equality and
inequality are both man-made. Favouring someone because they belong to a certain caste or religion not only makes us biased but also
affects the one who loses an opportunity because of our biases. Inequality in the name of equal opportunities is a curse for humanity.
The sooner the society understands this, the better for humanity. Equality and fairness start from one person‟s mind and have a
snowballing effect. Thank you.
Q (A6) | Page 42
There are many career opportunities that can be availed of by a graduate. Discuss and make a list of various opportunities available in
the legal field, economics, management, commerce, administration, etc.
SOLUTION
Indian graduates turn eligible to appear for civil services examinations and can become officers with the Indian administrative service,
police service, forest service, and revenue service.
Q (A7) | Page 42
Visit your college library or search the internet for at least five speeches of different renowned personalities of the world. Write the
speeches in your notebook and submit them to your teacher.
SOLUTION
Winston Churchill: War Speech
In this solemn hour, it is a consolation to recall and to dwell upon our repeated efforts for peace. All have been ill-starred, but all have
been faithful and sincere. This is of the highest moral value--and not only moral value, but practical value--at the present time, because
the wholehearted concurrence of scores of millions of men and women, whose co-operation is indispensable and whose comradeship
and brotherhood are indispensable, is the only foundation upon which the trial and tribulation of modern war can be endured and
surmounted. This moral conviction alone affords that ever-fresh resilience which renews the strength and energy of people in long,
doubtful, and dark days. Outside, the storms of war may blow and the lands may be lashed with the fury of its gales, but in our own
hearts this Sunday morning there is peace. Our hands may be active, but our consciences are at rest.
We must not underrate the gravity of the task which lies before us or the temerity of the ordeal, to which we shall not be found unequal.
We must expect many disappointments, and many unpleasant surprises, but we may be sure that the task which we have freely
accepted is one not beyond the compass and the strength of the British Empire and the French Republic. The Prime Minister said it was
a sad day, and that is indeed true, but at the present time there is another note which may be present, and that is a feeling of
thankfulness that, if these great trials were to come upon our Island, there is a generation of Britons here now ready to prove itself not
unworthy of the days of yore and not unworthy of those great men, the fathers of our land, who laid the foundations of our laws and
shaped the greatness of our country.
This is not a question of fighting for Danzig or fighting for Poland. We are fighting to save the whole world from the pestilence of Nazi
tyranny and in defense of all that is most sacred to man. This is no war of domination or imperial aggrandizement or material gain; no
war to shut any country out of its sunlight and means of progress. It is a war, viewed in its inherent quality, to establish, on impregnable
rocks, the rights of the individual, and it is a war to establish and revive the stature of a man. Perhaps it might seem a paradox that a war
undertaken in the name of liberty and right should require, as a necessary part of its processes, the surrender for the time being of so
many of the dearly valued liberties and rights. In these last few days, the House of Commons has been voting dozens of Bills which hand
over to the executive our most dearly valued traditional liberties. We are sure that these liberties will be in hands which will not abuse
them, which will use them for no class or party interests, which will cherish and guard them, and we look forward to the day, surely and
confidently we look forward to the day, when our liberties and rights will be restored to us, and when we shall be able to share them with
the peoples to whom such blessings are unknown.
Winston Churchill
September 3, 1939
House of Commons
Jawaharlal Nehru Speech on the birth of independent India
Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in
full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and
freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history when we step out from the old to the new when an age ends,
and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge
of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity.
At the dawn of history, India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filled with her striving and the
grandeur of her successes and her failures. Through good and ill fortune alike she has never lost sight of that quest or
forgotten the ideals which gave her strength. We end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again. The
achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity, to the greater triumphs and achievements that
await us. Are we brave enough and wise enough to grasp this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future?
Freedom and power bring responsibility. That responsibility rests upon this Assembly, a sovereign body representing the
sovereign people of India. Before the birth of freedom, we have endured all the pains of labour and our hearts are heavy
with the memory of this sorrow. Some of those pains continue even now. Nevertheless, the past is over and it is the future that beckons
to us now.
That future is not one of ease or resting but of incessant striving so that we might fulfill the pledges we have so often taken and the one
we shall take today. The service of India means the service of the millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty and ignorance and
disease and inequality of opportunity. The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye.
That may be beyond us but as long as there are tears and suffering, so long our works will not be over.
And so we have to labour and to work and work hard to give reality to our dreams. Those dreams are for India, but they are also for the
world, for all the nations and peoples are too closely knit together today for any one of them to imagine that it can live apart. Peace has
been said to be indivisible, so is freedom, so is prosperity now, and so also is a disaster in this one world that can no longer be split into
isolated fragments.
To the people of India, whose representatives we are, we make an appeal to join us with faith and confidence in this great adventure.
This is no time for petty and destructive criticism, no time for ill will, or blaming others. We have to build the noble mansion of free India
where all her children may dwell.
I beg to move, Sir.
“That it be resolved that:
(1) After the last stroke of midnight, all members of the Constituent Assembly present on this occasion do take the following
pledge:
At this solemn moment when the people of India, through suffering and sacrifice, have secured freedom, I, ……….., a
member of the Constituent Assembly of India, do dedicate myself in all humility to the service of India and her people to the
end that this ancient land attains her rightful place in the world and make her full and willing contribution to the promotion of
world peace and the welfare of mankind.
(2) Members who are not present on this occasion do take the pledge (with such verbal changes at the President may
prescribe) at the time they next attend a session of the Assembly.”
Martin Luther King acceptance Speech
"I must ask why this prize is awarded to a movement which is beleaguered and committed to the unrelenting struggle, and
to a movement which has not yet won the very peace and brotherhood which is the essence of the Nobel Prize," King said.
"After contemplation, I conclude that this award, which I receive on behalf of that movement, is a profound recognition that
nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression
and violence without resorting to violence and oppression."
At the end of his speech, he called peace "more precious than diamonds or silver or gold."
Nelson Mandela Speech
I am turning 86 in a few week's time and that is a longer life than most people are granted. I have the added blessing of
being in very good health, at least according to my doctors. I am confident that nobody present here today will accuse me
of selfishness if I ask to spend time, while I am still in good health, with my family, my friends, and also with myself.
One of the things that made me long to be back in prison was that I had so little opportunity for reading, thinking, and quiet
reflection after my release. I intend, amongst other things, to give myself much more opportunity for such reading and
reflection. And of course, there are those memoirs about the presidential years that now really need my urgent attention.
When I told one of my advisors a few months ago that I wanted to retire he growled at me: "you are retired." If that is really
the case then I should say I now announce that I am retiring from retirement.
I do not intend to hide away totally from the public, but henceforth I want to be in the position of calling you to ask whether I
would be welcome, rather than being called upon to do things and participate in events. The appeal, therefore, is: don’t call
me, I’ll call you.
Chapter 1: 1.5 Mrs. Adis
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Q 1. (i) | Page 43
Share your opinions/ feelings with your partner about a stranger who has a villainous look/appearance.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 43
Recall your favorite crime story on TV. Discuss with your friend how you could prevent the villain/thief from committing the crime/theft.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q 2. (i) | Page 43
The feeling of a person when he commits a mistake are __________________.
a. He tries to justify it.
b. __________________
c. __________________
d. __________________
e. _________________
SOLUTION
The feeling of a person when he commits a mistake is:
a. He tries to justify it.
b. He tries to blame others for the mistake.
c. He feels guilty for committing the mistake.
d. He feels angry for having committed the mistake.
e. He feels sad because he realises the consequences of his mistake as soon as he commits it.
Q 2. (ii) | Page 43
The person who makes mistake or commits crime should be punished because _________________.
a. _______________________________
b. _______________________________
c. _______________________________
d. _______________________________
SOLUTION
The person who makes mistake or commits a crime should be punished because:
a. it will bring him to justice.
b. it will make him realise his mistake.
c. it will ensure that the victims of the crime receive justice.
d. it will help him transform himself into a better person.
e. it will certify that the society is governed by law and order, which is essential for the peaceful existence of the human population.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 51

Discuss with your partner and describe the atmosphere in the woods when Peter Crouch was heading towards Mrs. Adis’s
House. It was –
a. a dark moonless night.
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
SOLUTION
a. a dark moonless night
b. There were only a few pricks of fire (stars) in the night sky.
c. The night was still, windless and clear, as a result of which, every sound was distinct and intensified.
d. The bark of a dog all the way at Delmonden could be clearly heard in the woods.
e. As Peter walked on the road, he could hear the echo of his own footsteps sounding like a death knell.
f. The roadside, being a mass of thorns, crackled and rustled as loud as the thud of the man‟s feet.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 51

Discuss with your partner and describe the atmosphere in the woods when Peter Crouch didn’t knock before entering Mrs.
Adis’s house.
The reason was -
a. _________________________
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
SOLUTION
Peter Crouch didn't knock before entering Mrs. Adis' house because:
a. He was in trouble and did not want anyone to hear or know that he was there.
b. He was in a state of panic as his hands were shaking a little.
c. He had committed the crime of shooting a man.

Go through the text again and find the reasons that forced Peter to shoot down a person.
a. The keepers spotted him.
b. _________________________
c. _________________________
SOLUTION
a. The keepers spotted him.
b. He was outnumbered four to one.
c. It was too dark and seeing all those people had scared Peter.
Q (A1) (iv) | Page 51

Discuss with your partner and describe the atmosphere in the woods when Mrs. Adis didn’t hand over Peter Crouch to the
keepers because -
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
SOLUTION
Mrs. Adis didn't hand over Peter Crouch to the keepers because –
a. She had forgiven him for unknowingly killing her son.
b. She knew that Peter would have never harmed her son otherwise.
c. She knew that punishing Peter would not bring her son back; but at least by not handing him over to the keepers, she would be
giving him a chance to lead life the right way.
d. Mrs. Adis must have thought that her son would have wanted Peter to have a second chance; so in a way, she fulfilled her son's
wish.
Q (A2) | Page 51
The writer has used the phrase ‘Thudding Heart’ which means pounding, or beating of the heart. Do you know ‘Thud’ is an
onomatopoeic word which means a heavy sound made by an object falling to the ground? Discuss with your partner and make
a list of Onomatopoeic words that you find in the text.
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
SOLUTION
Q (A3) | Page 51
‘She went to one of the kitchen drawers’.
Look at the sentence carefully. The underlined word tells us that she went (some time ago) to a particular place (at one of the kitchen
drawers). Now discuss with your partner and tell the class what you did ‘yesterday’ and what your friend did ‘yesterday’. Complete the
table. One is done for you.
SOLUTION
Q (A4) | Page 52
Imagine your friend/younger brother or sister has committed a grave mistake that has resulted in a great loss to the college
property or to your family. He/she seeks your advice to come out of the situation/problem. Write a dialogue between you and
your friend/brother/sister who describes the entire situation and seeks help from you. Take the help of the following points.
• Introduction
• Confessing the mistake
• Seeking help
• Your advice/suggestion
• Concluding part
SOLUTION
Q (A5) | Page 52
The best punishment is ‘forgiveness’. Discuss the sentence in light of the text you have read. You can make use of the
following points.
(a) Forgiveness provides an opportunity to change the behaviour.
(b) Forgiveness leads to repentance.
(c) A person may commit a mistake/crime impulsively or under the force of strong emotions.
(d) ________________________
(e) ________________________
SOLUTION
a. Forgiveness provides an opportunity to change behaviour.
b. Forgiveness leads to repentance.
c. A person may commit a mistake/crime impulsively or under the force of strong emotions.
d. Forgiveness is the beginning of the healing of the wounds inflicted by someone.
e. Forgiveness is a sign of compassion, as it helps a person move past the feelings of anger as well as hatred
and understand the reasons behind the other person‟s actions.
Q (A6) | Page 52
Search in your college library or on the internet for at least five stories where a king or any great person has forgiven a losing king,
culprit, or offender. There are many such stories that you might have read in your history books. One such story is of Alexander and
Porus. Find at least five stories and write their summarised version in your notebook.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Chapter 1: 1.6 Tiger Hills
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Q 1. (i) (a) | Page 53

complete the following sentence.
Ajoy reported about ________________.
SOLUTION
Ajoy reported about how the game was played, how the game performed, and how the game ended.
Q 1. (i) (b) | Page 53

Complete the following sentence.
Sujoy reported about ___________________.
SOLUTION
Sujoy reported about how they missed Vinay and Sunay, and how eager they were to tell them about the enjoyments.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 53
The word 'report' means –
(a) Give a spoken or written account of something.
(b) Cover an event or subject as a journalist or reporter.
SOLUTION
Give a spoken or written account of something.
Q 2. (i) (a) | Page 53

Refer to a standard dictionary and find out the meaning of the following word:
Reportage
SOLUTION
Reportage: the act of reporting news in a newspaper or broadcasting them on radio or television.
Q 2. (i) (b) | Page 53

Reporter
SOLUTION
Reporter: a person who covers events, proceedings, or news and describes them for a newspaper, radio, or television.
Q 2. (i) (c) | Page 53

Reported speech
SOLUTION
Reported speech: Means of expressing statements or questions without using the speaker’s exact words.
Q 2. (i) (d) | Page 53

Reportorial
SOLUTION
Reportorial: related to or characteristic of a newspaper reporter.
Q 2. (ii) (a) | Page 53

Find and discuss some examples of reports related to the given topic.
Award distribution
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q 2. (ii) (b) | Page 53

Bravery awards
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q 2. (ii) (c) | Page 53
Any social issue
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q 3 | Page 53
You might have read war stories or watched war movies. Make a list of the factors which make them interesting.
_____________________________
______________________________
_____________________________
SOLUTION
The factors listed below often make war stories interesting:
i. the constant threat of injury or death looming over the characters
ii. a sense of real-life drama and the thrill attached to it
iii. spontaneity required in decision-making during crucial moments of the war
iv. the narrator’s an elevated sense of pride or utter dejection at times
v. historic nature of the outcome of a war
vi. reader/viewer’s emotional involvement.
Q (A1) (i) | Page 58

Narrate in your own words a similar based on text to the class.
SOLUTION
26th November 2008 is considered one of the black days in the History of Mumbai. 10 armed men wreaked havoc in the city, fired
mercilessly at helpless Mumbaikars, and pushed the entire country into a state of fear for the next 3 days. The terrorist attack started
when 10 heavily armed men arrived at two locations in Colaba in inflatable speedboats, at around 9:30 p.m. They then split into groups
of two and opened fire at different locations of Mumbai.
The locations targeted were Leopold Café, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Oberoi Trident, and
Cama Hospital. They also blew up two taxis with explosives. Though the Mumbai Police were caught unawares by the terrorist attack,
they showed exemplary courage and deftness and managed to neutralize three terrorists.
In the course of their efforts to take stock of the situation, Police officers Hemant Karkare, Vijay Salaskar, and Ashok Kamte, were killed
by the terrorists. The Mumbai Police managed to arrest the terrorist Ajmal Kasab alive near Girgaon Chowpatty. Police officer Tukaram
Omble was martyred while achieving this feat. Later that night, two terrorists managed to sneak into the Nariman House building, a
Jewish centre in Colaba while three of them entered the Taj Mahal Hotel building and held the residents' hostage.
They threatened and even killed a few hostages in these locations. The center deployed the Rapid Action Force, Marine Commandos,
and the NSG commandos for the rescue operation. The hostage situation at the Taj was resolved on the morning of 27th November.
Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan of the NSG was killed during the rescue of Commando Sunil Yadav, who was hit in the leg by a bullet at
Taj. The rescue operation at the Nariman House continued for the next two days. Finally, on 29th November 2008 at around 8 a.m., the
nightmare ended as the last terrorist of the group was killed.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 58

Imagine that you are about to interview the writer. Write 10 to 15 questions regarding the operation.
SOLUTION
i. Where did you operate from for the entire duration of the operation?
ii. How did you track the progress of the operation?
iii. What role did the media play during the operation?
iv. Did any official from the enemy’s side try to communicate with you?
v. What was the role played by spies during the operation?
vi. Did you intercept any messages from across the border?
vii. How was the morale of the Indian soldiers? Can you recall any story or incident that lifted their spirits?
viii. What were the measures taken by you to ensure a smooth supply of arms and ammunition?
ix. How was the coordination with the air-force?
x. What according to you was the biggest challenge on Tiger Hill?
xi. How did you manage to keep calm during moments of utter frustration?
xii. What was the exact figure of casualties on both sides?
xiii. What were the lessons learned from the war?
xiv. What message would you send across to citizens of a country when there is a war being fought on the front?
Q (A2) (i) | Page 58

Enlist any four facts which made the capturing of Tiger Hill a national challenge.
SOLUTION
i. Tiger hill was located 10 kilometres North of the Srinagar – Kargil – Leh Highway but towered higher than the other hills in its
vicinity.
ii. The enemy position on the mountain top dominated parts of this highway. Thus, any movement on the highway or any approach
to the Hill risked visibility by the enemy because of its vantage point.
iii. The position of the enemy on Tiger Hill was well-fortified and its sharp triangular top made it a difficult objective to recapture.
iv. The impossibility of the mission was projected by the media as a national challenge.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 58

Different arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Find their names.
SOLUTION
Bofors guns, field and medium guns, 122 mm multi-barrelled Grad rocket launchers, and mortars.

Wars are not fought only on the battlefield. Comment.
SOLUTION
For a country fighting a war, challenges, like maintaining secrecy, handling political and global pressures, maintaining internal peace, and
arranging for all kinds of combat support, become battles in itself. Besides all these battles, the entire nation is under tremendous
psychological pressure. The routine life of the families of the individuals directly involved in the war is filled with anxiety. The country folk,
too, remain worried about the fate of those in the army. Every intermediate victory or defeat has a direct impact on the morale of a nation.
Overall, the atmosphere changes to one of fear and in some cases, anger. In the case of wars that last for a long period of time, it also
puts a strain on the resources of a country. A war thus impacts involved countries on many different levels that span beyond a battlefield.
Q (A2) (iv) | Page 58

Prompt reporting is of strategic importance during a war. explain it.
SOLUTION
The prompt reporting of the outcome of the war is extremely necessary for decision making. In the case of the Kargil war, the timely
reporting of victory was critical as it provided the Prime Minister with the opportunity to make the news public in the meeting scheduled in
Haryana. On the global front, the news of the outcome of the war had an impact on the meeting between Pakistan’s Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif and American President Bill Clinton, which was scheduled for the same day (4th July). The promptness of confirmed
reporting during a war can avert major crises and can break the morale of the enemy.
Q (A2) (iv) (a) | Page 58

Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill.
Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers ____________.
SOLUTION
Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers probed to establish the extent of the enemy’s defences.
Q (A2) (iv) (b) | Page 58

They also explored to ______________.
SOLUTION
They also explored to find out suitable routes for the assault.
Q (A2) (iv) (c) | Page 58

After confirming the multidirectional assault as the best strategy the commanding officer ________________.
SOLUTION
After confirming the multidirectional assault as the best strategy the commanding officer of 41 Field Regiment drew up an
elaborate artillery plan.
Q (A2) (iv) (d) | Page 58

Individual guns ___________.
SOLUTION
Individual guns were ranged in order to cover each objective.
Q (A2) (iv) (e) | Page 58

Bofors guns _____________.
SOLUTION
Bofors guns were used in a direct firing role with great accuracy.
Q (A2) (v) | Page 59

Complete the flow chart showing the events on the day of the assault.
SOLUTION
i. On 2-3 July 1999, Air Force targeted a tiger hill and hit the bull’s eye several times during its missions.
ii. At 1900 hours on 3 July 18 Grenadiers commenced its multidirectional assault under the cover of bad weather
and darkness, supported by the firepower of artillery and mortars.
iii. At 0130 hours on 4 July, ‘A’ company captured an intermediate position called Tongue.
iv. ‘D’ Company leader Captain Sachin Nimbalkar led the assault from the east.
v. ‘D’ Company occupied the eastern portion of Area Collar, which lay within 100 meters of Tiger Hill Top.
vi. A toehold was obtained on the north-eastern spur just 30 meters from the top in a surprise attack by ‘C’
Company and Ghatak (Commando) platoon under Lieutenant Balwan Singh.
vii. At 0400 hours on 4 July after a carefully orchestrated artillery bombardment, Sachin Nimbalkar and Balwan
Singh along with their men approached Tiger Hill Top by climbing a sheer cliff and caught the enemy
unawares.
viii. After a short period of hand-to-hand fighting, Sachin Nimbalkar and Balwan Singh and their men succeeded in
capturing a hold on Tiger Hilltop.
ix. On 8th July, the Indian Tricolour was hoisted on the Tiger Hilltop.
Q (A2) (vi) | Page 59

Rewrite the given statements in their order of occurrence.
The most difficult task of maintaining the hold on Tiger Hill was achieved in this way:
a. 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate.
b. Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately.
c. During the ferocious artillery duels, the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination.
d. Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel.
e. An ad-hoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate.
f. In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July.
SOLUTION
Q (A3) (i) (a) | Page 59

Discuss the meaning of the following idioms/phrases and use them in your own sentence.
To hit the bull’s eye.
SOLUTION
Meaning: to hit the mark; to have the desired effect; to be absolutely right.
Shreyas hit the bull’s eye with his prediction of the first showers of the monsoon.
Q (A3) (i) (b) | Page 59

Discuss the meanings of the following idioms/phrases and use them in your own sentence.
To be taken by surprise.
SOLUTION
Meaning: to feel astonished when something unexpected takes place.
Vidya was taken by surprise by the maturity of her young daughter during their difficult times.
Q (A3) (i) (c) | Page 59

To get a toehold.
SOLUTION
Meaning: to achieve an initial, strong position from where further progress can be made.
After hours of careful digging, the officials finally managed to get a toehold in the rescue operation.
Q (A1) (i) (d) | Page 60

Under the cover of.
SOLUTION
Meaning: protected by or getting aided by, especially for staying unnoticed.
The burglars sneaked into the house under the cover of darkness provided by the cloudy night.
Q (A3) (i) (e) | Page 60

A spell of.
SOLUTION
Meaning - a short period
India emerged as a winner under the spell of Harbhajan.
Q (A3) (ii) | Page 60

Read the following words :
Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense
All these words are related to war affairs and war.
Find more such words from the passage.
SOLUTION
Brigade, mission, 18 grenadiers, Base, High Altitude Warfare school, artillery, combat, multidirectional assault, scout, commanding
officer, Field regiment, fire plan, guns, ranged, Bofors, direct firing role, field, and medium guns, 122 mm multibarrelled Grad rocket
launchers, targeted, mortars, Northern Light Infantry, company, firefighting, Commando, Ghatak, Platoon, Lieutenant, bombardment,
hand-to-hand fighting, counterattacks, Mount Division, Column, 8 Sikh, JCO, soldiers, battleground, GOC 15 Corps, battalion, rescue
operation.

Understand the usage of the words given:
After consulting him and Nirmal Chander Singh, we decided to await confirmation from the GOC and Mountain Division.
You know the verb ‘wait’. But it is an intransitive verb. It doesn’t take a direct object; consequently, it cannot be cast into passive voice.
Also, the past participle of the verb ‘to wait’ cannot act as an adjective.
‘The mother waited eagerly’ is a correct sentence as there is no direct object. But ‘The mother waited eagerly the answer from her son.’
is a wrong sentence. ‘The answer’ is the direct object. This sentence can be written by using the phrase ‘wait for’ as ‘The mother waited
eagerly for the answer from her son.’ ‘Wait for’ can be taken as the transitive phrasal verb.
‘To await’ is a transitive verb and it does take a direct object.
For example, ‘The mother awaited the answer eagerly.
’ The past participle of it can be used as an adjective.
The most awaited program started very late.
Note that the object of the verb ‘await’ is usually an inanimate object. We don’t usually await a person, but we await his answer/ call/
arrival/ letter.
There are more such words in English. All of them are not verbs.
For example: Aside, Ashore, Anew, Awake, Afoot.
Prefix ‘A’ provides a certain purpose in the formation of the word.
a. Aside- to the side
b. Ashore- towards the shore
c. Afoot-on foot
d. Anew- of new
e. Apolitical- not political
f. Asleep- in a state or manner
Share with your friends a few more words.
SOLUTION
(abide, abiotic, acyclic, apathy, asymmetry).
Q (A4) (i) | Page 61

Use of although/ though/ even though/but
Read the following sentences.
a. Although the café was crowded, we found a vacant table. Although Sadie has passed her test, she never drives. The clause with
although can also come after the main clause. For example: We found a vacant table, although the café was crowded.
b. Though I liked the pullover, I didn’t buy it. Though it was pouring cats and dogs, he set out for his journey. We can use though at
the end of the sentence. For example: I liked the pullover; I didn’t buy it, though.
c. We can use ‘even though’ in the same way. John looked quite fresh even though he had just recovered from jaundice. ‘Even
though’ can be used at the beginning of the sentence also. ‘Even though’ I hate Gopal, I shall try to be nice with him. ‘Even though’
is stronger and more emphatic than ‘although’
d. We can join two clauses with ‘but’. For example: We wanted to go abroad, but our passports were not ready. We use these
words (although, though, even though, but) to show the contrast between two clauses or two sentences.
Although, though, even though and but can be used as conjunctions to introduce afterthoughts, contrasts, or restrictions and
conditions.
Find out the sentences from the lesson in which any of these words are used.
Discuss in pairs/groups the purpose they serve.
SOLUTION
Although located almost 10 kilometres north of the Srinagar-Kargil-Leh highway, the enemy position on this mountaintop dominated parts
of this highway.
Although 18 Grenadiers held the top now, linking up with them was not easy.
Although used in both these sentences signify a precondition to the main clause.
The enemy launched two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel, but 8 Sikhs fought gallantly and were able to repulse them.
Here, ‘but’ is used as a conjunction to join two independent statements.
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 62

Sing and recite one of the famous folk songs given below.
There is a mountain for away.
And on the mountain stands a tree.
And on the tree, there is a branch.
And on the branch, there is a nest.
And in the nest, there is an egg.
And in the egg, there is a bird
One day the bird will fly.
One day we will be free.
Discuss with your teacher and classmates regarding the changes seen in the underlined words. Find the reasons behind the
changes.
• a mountain – the mountain
• a tree – the tree
• a branch – the branch
• a nest – the nest
• an egg – the egg
• a bird – the bird.
SOLUTION
In the above poem, each of these words is preceded, once by a definite article and later by an indefinite article. Each of the nouns given
above is referred to as an uncountable arbitrary thing that turns into a specific countable noun in the next line. For example, the poet
talks about a non-specific mountain from far away in the first line but when a tree is introduced in the second line it refers to that
particular mountain. In any sentence, the noun in question determines the use of articles.
Q (A4) (iii) (1) | Page 62

Put ‘a/an’ or ‘the’ at a proper place. Put a cross (X) where no article is applicable.
Ravi walked up to ______________ Principal’s cabin.
SOLUTION
Ravi walked up to the Principal’s cabin.
Q (A4) (iii) (2) | Page 62

Ahmed lives in ___________ small town.
SOLUTION
Ahmed lives in a small town.
Q (A4) (iii) (3) | Page 62

Can I use your _____________ cell phone?
SOLUTION
Can I use your X cell phone?
Q (A4) (iii) (4) | Page 62

Who’s ______________ woman in your office?
SOLUTION
Who’s the woman in your office?
Q (A4) (iii) (5) | Page 62

I need __________ English-Marathi dictionary.
SOLUTION
I need an English-Marathi dictionary.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 62

Would you like to join the Indian Army/Navy/ Air force? If not, suggest other ways in which you could serve your nation.
SOLUTION
Although I hold the Defence Services in the highest regard and salute their devotion to the country, I personally would like to serve my
country in a different way. Dr. APJ Kalam’s autobiography has deeply inspired me to serve my nation by becoming a space scientist and
contributing to the Indian Space Research Organization. Besides working for the ISRO, I would like to serve my nation by being more
aware of my duties as a citizen. Participating in cleanliness drives and rural development programs and helping the underprivileged are
alternate ways by which I can indirectly serve my nation.

Report writing
Study the web diagram and write the characteristics of report writing.
SOLUTION
A report is an analysis of facts.
The report should be factual and unbiased.
The report should be as brief as possible.
Reporting should be in indirect speech and in a passive voice.
The report should always be written in the past tense.
Q (A5) (iii) (a) | Page 63

Report writing
Purpose of Report Writing –
• To provide unbiased information based on reality
• To give an analysis of the facts
• To make recommendations, if any and if expected. (as in business reports.)
Types of Reports –
• Business Report
• Factual Report
Format of a Report –
• Headline • Name of the reporter
• Dateline (date and place)
• The opening paragraph (Lead or Intro- Who, when, what, where)
• Detailed paragraphs (Why and how.)
• Conclusion/suggestions if any
• The report should be written in the box.
You are Sharad Mathur, the General Secretary of the Sports Club of your college. Write a brief report on the Annual Sports
activities for the college magazine.
SOLUTION
Annual Sports Meet
– Sharad Mathur
(Gen. Secretary, Sports Club)
15th March 2020
The much-awaited sports Meet was hosted on 12th December 2019 on the college grounds. This year marked the 25th Annual
Sports Meet and as such, the celebrations were held with great pomp to suit the occasion.
The event was inaugurated by the lighting of the lamp by Mr. V. Desai, Chairman of the Managing Committee of the college,
followed by a welcome song by the students. The Principal, Mrs. Soni welcomed the huge gathering of students and parents. The Chief
Guest for the evening was Mr. Ramesh Grover, an ex-student of the college, who had attained fame at the state level as a member of
the hockey team. Several indoor and outdoor sports activities like chess, carrom, badminton, Cricket, Kabaddi, etc. were conducted. The
highlight of the evening was the track and field events which saw emerging talent sweep the winning trophies.
The participating players were encouraged and cheered throughout the matches. The students showcased a great sense of
discipline and mastery of skill achieved through months of hard work. The spirit of sportsmanship was in the air. The atmosphere of the
college was one of festivity and jubilance.
The culmination of the Day witnessed loud cheers during the prize distribution ceremony at the hands of the Trustees of College.
The event ended with a Vote of Thanks by Ms. Das who heads the Sports Department and personally guided the students in their
preparation. The evening ended on a high note with a look of accomplishment and pride on the faces of the students.
Q (A5) (iii) (b) | Page 63

Report writing
• Business Report
• Factual Report
• Headline
• Name of the reporter
Your school organised 'Van Mahotsav Day' recently. Write in about 100 to 150 words a report to be published in the school
magazine.
SOLUTION
Annual 'Van Mahotsav' Day
- Meera Desai
(Students’ Reporter)
10th July 2019
The Annual ‘Van Mahotsav’ Day was organised by the Trinity Scholars School on 7th July 2019 on the school premises. The day is
celebrated as part of the ‘Go Green’ initiative of the school committee.
The event began with a simple, but effective speech about the importance of trees and their socio-economic effects. A few students
from the committee highlighted the emotional impact of trees in addition to their environmental role. Several problems or issues created
by deforestation and depleting trees were highlighted through the speeches. The students were made to understand and appreciate the
role played by the planting and tending of trees in preventing global warming, reducing pollution, and promoting rainfall. This led to
enthusiastic discussions among the students.
This was followed by the planting of saplings. The students showed great eagerness while planting the saplings of various trees.
They were told about the importance of each tree that was planted and were given simple instructions on how to take care of the same.
Several competitions like poster making, slogan-writing, and draws were conducted on the theme ‘The Importance of Trees in everyday
life’.
The curiosity to learn and the will to create a change were clearly seen in the efforts of the students. They also learned that ‘Van
Mahotsav’ is celebrated at the onset of the monsoon season because the saplings planted during this period have a greater chance of
survival. These various activities helped to instill the value of social responsibility in the students.
Q (A5) (iii) (c) | Page 63

Report writing
• Business Report
• Factual Report
• Headline
• Name of the reporter
You are the secretary of the NSS unit of your college. Write a brief report of the Blood Donation Camp arranged by your unit.
SOLUTION
Blood Donation Camp – A Noble Deed
- Ritika Kashyap
The Secretary,
NSS Unit,
24th January 2020
The NSS Unit of Adarsh Jr. College organized a Blood Donation Camp on 20th January 2020. The camp was held in the assembly
hall of the college. It was inaugurated by the Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Deo, of the local government hospital.
Dr. Deo addressed the audience and highlighted the need for blood donation. He also spoke about the myths surrounding blood
donation. He explained that blood donation does not lead to any weakness in the donors as the recovery process takes place fairly
quickly. There was a chart displaying the statistics of the requirement of blood in hospitals and the life-saving power of blood donation
was emphasized.
All the necessary arrangements were made by the NSS Unit members, with the help and guidance of a team of local doctors &
nurses, who had agreed to volunteer. The participating donors were from Adarsh Jr. College and other colleges in the neighbourhood.
Many first-time donors were seen donating their blood with a sense of responsibility for the social cause. After the donation, the
participants were given fruits and milk along with a certificate of blood donation.
The camp ended at 4 pm. A total of 120 volunteers donated their blood. It was a proud moment for the NSS unit for successfully
organizing this Blood Donation Camp.
Chapter 2: 2.1 Cherry Tree
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- ICE BREAKERS [PAGE 65]
Q 1 | Page 65
Trees are revered because :
a. They give us joy.
b. _________________
c. _________________
d. _________________
e. _________________
SOLUTION
a. They give us joy.
b. They give us shade.
c. They give us fruit.
d. They give us flowers.
e. They give us oxygen.
Q 2 | Page 65
Column A shows your involvement in growing a tree, as well as the stages in the life of a tree. Column B shows the feelings you
experience at all stages. Match them appropriately.
SOLUTION
Q (A1) (i) (a) | Page 68
Find proof from the poem for the following.
The poet has mentioned different seasons.
SOLUTION
a. The line “And suddenly that summer near the end of May,” mentions the summer season.
b. The line “Split it apart and a monsoon blight” mentions the monsoon season.
c. The line “Next spring I watched three new shoots grow,” mentions the spring.
d. The line “Who watched, wandering, while Time and the rain” mentions the monsoon season.
Thus, it can be concluded that the poet has mentioned different seasons.
Q (A1) (i) (b) | Page 68

The poet’s minute observations of the steady growth of the cherry tree.
SOLUTION
a. The poet saw that the 'cherry tree had grown six feet high'.
b. The poet was surprised to find 'a berry hanging from one of the tree's branches, ripened and shining like a jewel'.
c. The following year, the poet notices 'small pink-coloured blossoms on the tree, that was fragile and looked like they easily fall'.
d. He observed how the cherry tree was benefitting the finches with its leaves, the bees with the nectar from its flowers, and
providing a resting place to the moonmoths and the crickets at night and praised it.
It can thus be proved that the poet made minute observations of the steady growth of the tree.
Q (A1) (i) (c) | Page 68
The colour imagery in the poem.
SOLUTION
a. The poet refers to the cherry tree as 'dark'.
b. He describes the blossoms as 'pink'.
c. The sky has been described as 'blue'.
d. The use of the words 'dappled green' to describe the leaves of the cherry tree.
The use of different colours to describe the different elements in the extract proves that the poet has used colour imagery in the poem.
Q (A1) (i) (d) | Page 68

The struggle of the cherry tree for survival.
SOLUTION
The pink blossoms that grew on the cherry tree were fragile and seemed like they would fall at the lightest breath or the slightest breeze.
However, the blossoms don't fall off. In fact, they even provide nectar to the bees. This instance proves the struggle of the cherry tree for
survival.
Q (A1) (ii) (a) | Page 68

State whether the following statement is True or False. Correct the false statement by finding evidence from the poem to
support your remark.
The cherry tree did not take long to grow.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The cherry tree did not take long to grow - False.
Explanation:
The cherry tree took a long time to grow – eight years in all.
Q (A1) (ii) (b) | Page 68

Birds and insects were benefitted from the tree.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Birds and insects were benefitted from the tree - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (c) | Page 68

State whether the following statement is True or False. Correct the false statement by finding evidence from the
poem to support your remark.
The poet was exalted at the sight of the cherry tree.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The poet was exalted at the sight of the cherry tree - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (d) | Page 68

The poem has an underlying message about the importance of trees.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The poem has an underlying message about the importance of trees - True.
Q (A1) (ii) (e) | Page 68

State whether the following statement is True or False. Correct the false statement by finding evidence from the
poem to support your remark.
The poet repents planting the cherry tree.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The poet repents planting the cherry tree - False.
Explanation:
The poet feels richer in seeing the cherry tree that he planted and praises it.
Q (A2) (i) (a) | Page 68
Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:
The life of the cherry tree was threatened.
SOLUTION
a. Reasons:
The life of the cherry tree was threatened by the goats, the grass-cutter's scythe, and the fungal diseases during monsoon.
b. Consequences:
Its leaves were eaten, it split up and its slender stem shrivelled up.
c. Effects:
The little plant almost died.
Q (A2) (i) (b) | Page 68

Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:
The cherry blossomed.
SOLUTION
a. Reasons:
The cherry blossomed in due time and also because of the rain.
b. Consequences:
It grew into a big tree with flowers and fruits and filled the poet with joy.
c. Effects:
The tree attracted and became a home for the birds and insects.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 68

A small thought, put in action, led to a great achievement. Pick out the lines from the beginning and end of the poem and explain their
significance.
SOLUTION
"Must have a tree of my own,” I said.”
The above line from the beginning of the poem merely highlights a small thought of a little child; which he put into action. An optimistic
thought leads to action and finally to a positive outcome. This fact should be kept in mind and followed in real life. “Yes, I! – praised Night
and Stars and tree: That small, the cherry, grown by me.” The last line towards the end of the poem highlights the feeling of pride that the
poet experiences because of his small act of planting the seed all those years ago. His joy knows no bounds when he looks at the
outcome of his action – his cherry tree in full bloom. Similarly, we should take responsibility for our thoughts, actions, and outcomes in
our lives. We should feel proud of our achievements and make room for more positivity all around us.
Q (A3) | Page 68
The cherry tree has inspired the poet to compose the poem. Such poems, describing Nature or aspects of Nature are called ‘Nature
poems’. Find out some expressions from the poem that bring out the elements of the beauty of Nature.
SOLUTION
Some expressions from the poem that bring out the elements of the beauty of Nature are as follows:
i. “…in the grass”
ii. “… that summer near the end of May”
iii. “I found a tree…”
iv. “…tall grass running wild”
v. “…ate the leaves…”
vi. “…slender stem…”
vii. “…light and air and sun”
viii. “…and the rain…”
ix. “…richer by a cherry tree…”
x. “…my own dark cherry…”
xi. “…-a berry.”
xii. “Ripened and jeweled in the sun,”
xiii. “…blossoms small…”
xiv. “Pink, fragile, quick to fall”
xv. “…sleepiest breeze”
xvi. “…on the grass…”
xvii. “…through the leaves at the blue Blind sky and the finches as they flew”
xviii. “…dappled green…”
xix. “…bees in an ecstasy drank…”
xx. “Of nectar from each bloom and the sun sank”
xxi. “Swiftly, and the stars turned in the sky,”
xxii. “…moon-moths and singing crickets…”
xxiii. “…Night and Stars and tree:”
xxiv. “That small, the cherry…”
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 68
Find out examples from the poem.
Alliteration
SOLUTION
1. ''Spent a season in Kashmir''
2. "Came back thinner, rather poor, But richer by a cherry tree at my door.''
3. "And I could scarcely believe it-a a berry."
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 68

Antithesis
SOLUTION
"It was very small, five months child, Lost in the tall grass running wild."
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 68

Personification
SOLUTION
1. "Pink, fragile, quick to fall
At the merest breath, the sleepiest breeze..."
2. "And moon-moths and singing crickets and I—
Yes, I! — praised Night and Stars and tree:"
Q (A5) (i) (a) | Page 69

The cherry tree is a narrative poem. Features that make it a narrative poem are given below. Justify them with proper examples.
The poem has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
SOLUTION
The poem has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
Beginning: The poem begins with the planting of a cherry seed by the poet. “Eight years have passed Since I placed my cherry seed in
the grass.”
Middle: The mid part of the poem talks about the growth of the seed into a full-grown tree. “Six feet high my own dark cherry,”
End: The poem ends on a happy note with the tree in full bloom and the poet being glad about it. “That small, the cherry, grown by me.”
Q (A5) (i) (b) | Page 69

Different places are mentioned.
SOLUTION
There are different places mentioned in the poem, like Kashmir, home (“at my door”).
Q (A5) (i) (c) | Page 69

Characters are referred to.
SOLUTION
The cherry tree, the poet himself, and elements of nature – animals, birds, insects have been referred to.
Q (A5) (i) (d) | Page 69

Incidents are arranged in sequence.
SOLUTION
“Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass.”
“It was very small, five months child,”
“The young tree struggle, upward thrust”
“Time and the rain Made a miracle from green growing pain……..”
“Six feet high my own dark cherry”
“-a berry. Ripened and jewelled in the sun”
“And next year there were blossoms small”
“That small, the cherry, grown by me.”
The above lines from the poem prove that the incidents are arranged in sequence as the poem is tracking the growth of the cherry tree.
Q (A5) (i) (e) | Page 69

There is a dialogue between the poet and the reader or the characters of the poem.
SOLUTION
“Must have a tree of my own,” I said,
“I could only wait, as one”
“I went away next year spent a season in Kashmir-”
“And moon-moths and singing crickets and I Yes, I!”
The above lines justify the fact that the poet is directly talking to the readers through this poem, thus framing a dialogue.
Q (A5) (i) (f) | Page 69

It is a time-bound poem.
SOLUTION
“Eight years have passed”
“I went away next year”
“And next year there were blossoms”
The word 'year(s)' mentioned in the above lines from the poem makes it evident that the poem is time-bound. Also, the whole process of
a seed growing into a tree is certain to be time-bound.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 69

Compose 8 to 10 lines. Narrate an incident in your life without using any rhyming pattern.
SOLUTION
A Walk
I went on a solitary walk,
Along the beautiful lake.
Saw a bunch of swans swimming across;
White on glassy blue.
I exclaimed in wonder, “What a sight to behold!”
The trees aplenty and the sky above
Made my heart sing
Stood there for quite some time,
Admiring nature's beauty.
Came back I, a soul enriched.

Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points :
• About the poem, poet, and title.
• Theme/summary/gist of the poem.
• Poetic style/language, poetic devices used in the poem.
• Special features/novelties/focusing elements.
• Message/values/morals in the poem.
• Your opinion about the poem.
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem 'The Cherry Tree'
The poem 'Cherry Tree' is written by Ruskin Bond.
The title itself suggests that the poem pertains to a cherry tree. It is a Nature poem as it has elements of nature in it.
The poem vividly describes the planting of a cherry seed by the poet and how against all odds, the little plant continues to grow. The
poem highlights the tree's strong instinct to survive. The plant finally transforms into six feet high tree with flowers on it. It is a
mesmerising sight to behold. The poet is overjoyed when he sees it. He glorifies one little ripened cherry hanging from the tree's
branches. He is in awe of the beauty and wonders of nature. The poet refers to the blue sky, birds, insects, and also the starry night sky
in this context and how each one of them; including the poet complements the cherry tree.
The style/language used in the poem is simple and lucid. Poetic devices like Alliteration, Anti-climax, Antithesis, Climax, Consonance,
Metaphor, Personification, and Repetition have been used to make the poem alluring to the readers and to set the overall mood of the
poem. An example of Personification from the poem is "And moon-moths and singing crickets and I"- where the crickets have been given
the animate quality of being able to sing. Vivid imagery has been used by the poet to make the whole process of a seed turning into a
plant appealing to the readers. The poet has focused on the wonders of nature by making use of natural elements like the various
seasons, the sky, animals, birds, and insects.
The underlying message of the poem is to plant trees and reap joy from them. It also highlights the importance of trees in our
surroundings. Overall, I think that the poem is a good read. It is quite appealing as it portrays a detailed and colourful picture before our
eyes of a little plant growing into a blooming tree; overcoming hardships that lay in its path.
Q (A5) (iv) | Page 70

Write a summary of the poem using the following points.
• Title
• Introductory paragraph (about the poem, type, Nature, tone)
• Main body (central idea, the gist of the poem)
• Conclusion (opinion, views, appeal)
SOLUTION
"Cherry Tree"
- by Ruskin Bond
The poem talks about nature; thus it falls under the category of Nature poetry. The tone is that of optimism – the poet focuses on
the growing aspect of nature; how the cherry plant struggles to survive. It is realistic in nature as it describes the everyday struggle of a
plant to mature into a blooming tree.
The poem is about the poet's pure joy over a cherry seed, which he plants with the intention of having a tree of his own. It takes
eight years for the plant to grow into a blossoming tree. He describes the seasons that the tree lives through to eventually grow and
bloom. The plant sees the light of the day in the month of May. Goats, scythe, and the harsh monsoon weather; all harm the plant but it
strives to grow against all odds. In spring, new shoots grow and they reach upwards for more sunlight, air, and water. The poet patiently
waits as time and the rains do their part to help the plant grow.
Meanwhile, the poet leaves for Kashmir to stay there for a while and returns in a poor state, but he still considers himself rich
because now he has a full-grown cherry tree by his house. He notices a berry hanging from one of its branches, like a jewel shining in
the sun, and feels ecstatic. A year passes by and the poet watches the tree in full bloom. He talks about the pink flowers; which are
fragile and seem like they would quickly fall at the slightest breeze. One day, the poet lies on the grass and describes nature in full swing
– the sky, finches, bees, crickets, and the blooming cherry tree. The moon-moths, the singing crickets, the night, the stars, the tree as
well as the poet appreciate the beauty of the cherry. The sight of the cherry tree gives him immense joy and he feels glad for having
planted it all those years ago.
Overall, the poem gives an underlying message about the tree‟s resilience and its determination to grow despite all odds. In the
same way, humans too can overcome the obstacles that they face in life and become resilient like the cherry tree.
Q (A6) (i) | Page 70

Write the poem ‘Cherry Tree’ in the form of a story.
SOLUTION
One fine day, eight years ago, the writer thought to himself that he should have a tree of his own. He didn't waste any time and went to
put his thought into action. He planted a cherry seed and religiously watered it once every day. He didn't know much about the ways of
taking care of a plant.
It was around May, during the summer when the little plant showed up. It was just five months old. Sadly, it wasn't quite ready for the
wraths of nature that almost killed him. The goat ate away its little leaves, the fungal disease dried up its slender stem and even the man-
made grass cutter split it apart without any second thought. The poor little plant didn't lose hope and stood strong with a wish to survive.
Over the period of a season, during spring, it finally reached up for the sun and light, its small arms stretched in the air. The writer saw it
and his happiness knew no bounds, but he knew in his heart that he had to wait patiently for the plant to grow into a tree. He went to
Kashmir to spend a season there, leaving the plant at nature's mercy.
When the writer returned home in poor health, he saw the cherry tree at his door and couldn't help but feel at the top of the world. He
noticed a small ripened berry that hung from one of the branches. It glistened like a jewel in the sun. The writer was overjoyed.
Time flew by and the next year, the tree had pink flowers on all its branches. They were fragile and fell down at the slightest breeze or
movement, but the sight was simply beautiful. The writer lay down in its shade one morning and kept gazing for long. He could see the
blue sky in patches in between the green canopy of the tree. He watched the birds flitting past, the bees buzzing and busy collecting
nectar from each bloom. The day turned into night, with the writer enjoying the wonders of nature around him. The moon moths and the
crickets joined his company under the starry night sky. And at this precise moment, the writer couldn't help but bask in the reflected glory
of his sole cherry tree
Q (A6) (ii) | Page 70

Write in 100 words what the cherry tree in the poem symbolises.
SOLUTION
The cherry tree in the poem is symbolic of human life. It highlights the hardships that one has to face and overcome in order to live life to
the fullest. It sends out a loud and clear message of „survival of the fittest‟. It is nature‟s law that only the best can survive and not losing
hope is the first step towards it. Determination and time is an answer to everything in this world. The cherry plant took its own sweet time
to bloom; but it finally did, it didn't disappoint the poet by giving up when it was facing the wraths of nature. We should take lessons from
this cherry tree and learn to survive against all odds.

You have studied the lesson 'The Call of the Soil' from prose 1.3. Compare 'Cherry Tree' with 'The Call of the Soil' and find out the
element of the joy of nurturing for the author and the poet.
SOLUTION
The author of 'The Call of the Soil' and the poet of 'Cherry Tree', both share a love for nature. The former chooses farming over worldly
pleasures and the latter derives pleasure in planting a tree; which he could call his own. Both Venkat Iyer and Ruskin Bond find joy in
nurturing – Iyer is bent on using traditional methods to grow his 'desi' crops in order to nurture the soil and bring a balance in nature,
while Ruskin Bond spends eight years of his life in nurturing and lovingly growing a cherry tree by his house. It can be concluded that
both, the author and the poet, have a green thumb.
Q (A7) | Page 70
Refer to the library and collect at least five poems of any Nature poet. Write the poems along with their summary.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Chapter 2: 2.2 The Sower
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Q 1. (i) | Page 71
Make a list of words related to agriculture.
SOLUTION
Words related to agriculture are as follows:
Q 1. (ii) | Page 71
Discuss the activities carried out by a farmer.
Q 2. (i) | Page 71
In our country engineering, teaching, and medical fields are much sought after. Other professions, occupations though they
make a significant contribution to society, do not get their due.
Q 2. (ii) | Page 71
'Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy'. Fill in the boxes supporting this statement. Complete the following web
diagram.
Q (A1) | Page 73
There are a number of challenges a farmer in India faces. Discuss with your friend, how it is possible to improve the condition
of farmers.
SOLUTION
Q (A2) | Page 73
The poet has observed the sower closely. Express in your own words the reverence the poet has for the sower.
SOLUTION
The poet notices the sower for the first time when the twilight sets in. The sower captures the poet‟s attention because the working hours
are over, but the sower is still working hard in the field. As the poet continues to observe the sower, he realises that the sower is
committed to his work. The sower‟s silhouette against the twilight sky makes his form dominate the deep furrows. The poet‟s reverence
increases when he sees the sower striding across the field in order to scatter the grains far and wide, despite the deepening darkness.
For the poet, the actions of the sower are dignified because he knows that the sower was not sowing only for himself, but for everyone
else. He persevered so that others could enjoy the fruits of his hard work. The poet‟s respect for the sower increases manifold and he
sees the sower as being tall enough to touch the skies.
Q (A3) | Page 73
The poet is prompted to call the sower an ‘august personality’ which means one who has reached the highest position in his workplace.
Explain this using the following point.
Hard work
SOLUTION
Hard work: The sower is termed as an 'august personality' by the poet for his absolute commitment towards his craft. The sower's
diligence can be seen when he continues to work well beyond the working hours. Though the daytime is over, the sower maintains a
calm and patient attitude and carries on with his work.
Q (A3) | Page 73
The poet is prompted to call the sower an ‘august personality’ which means one who has reached the highest position in his workplace.
Explain this using the following point.
Perseverance
SOLUTION
Perseverance: The sower's perseverance can be seen when he marches along the plain with determination to sow the seeds and
hopes for a good harvest. The poem suggests that the sower is old and must have seen many bad harvests in his lifetime. In spite of
this, he continues to persevere. He sows the seeds with the same hope and enthusiasm - that of a good harvest.
Q (A4) (i) | Page 73

Pick out the examples of alliteration from the poem and write them down.
SOLUTION
1. Sunlight, I see, dying fast - The consonantal sound 's' is repeated pleasingly.
2. Darkness deepens. - The consonantal sound 'd' is repeated pleasingly.
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 73

'Seems to touch the starry skies'. The poet has used word imagery. Describe the idea and pick out other similar examples from the
poem.
SOLUTION
The poet has created a mental picture of a farmer touching the sky filled with stars.
Similar examples of word imagery are as follows:
1. Twilight hastens on to rule.
Q (A5) (i) | Page 73

Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points:
• About the poem/poet/title.
• Theme
• Poetic devices, language, style
• Special features/ novelties/focusing elements
• Values, message
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem 'The Sower'
'The Sower' is a poem about the hard work and persistence of a sower, who works tirelessly and relentlessly while the poet observes his
actions and terms him as an august personality, who works not for himself, but for others. Originally written by Victor Hugo in French, this
poem has been translated to English by the Bengali poet, Torulata Dutt, who was the first Indian poetess to write verses in English and
French. The title of the poem represents the central character of the poem, that is, the sower.
The central idea of the poem revolves around the act of sowing seeds by the sower, while the poet observes him and begins to revere
him for his noble actions. The poetic devices used in the poem are Alliteration, Antithesis, Consonance, Hyperbole, Inversion,
Personification, Repetition, and Synecdoche. An example of Personification from the poem is 'Twilight hastens on to rule' where 'Twilight'
has been given the animate quality of 'hastening (rushing in)'. The language used by the poet is slightly complex because it has been
written in a way that it maintains the rhyme scheme of 'abab'. It has a steady rhythm and a consistent metre, meaning that there is
consistency in the number of syllables used in a line. The poet follows the narrative style of writing, where he gives a first-person account
of observing the sower working hard in the field.
The special features used in the poem are imagery and symbolism. The poem is full of descriptive imagery, as each line either describes
the scene or the action of the sower or the poet. The dominance of the silhouette of the sower over the deep furrows is symbolic of the
dominance of man over nature. The 'precious grain' is so-called because each grain holds importance for the sower. He shall sow these
grains carefully and hope for a good harvest.
The novelties in this poem are the exact translations of lines from French by Toru Dutt. She chose to provide a true account of the
observations, as written by Victor Hugo, instead of trying to refine the lines that sound inelegant when translated. Her retention of the
optimistic tone of the poem makes the poem refreshing and appealing. The focussing elements in the poem are the dedication and
commitment of the sower, his perseverance, and the poet's acknowledgment of the sower's actions as being selfless and noble.
The values that one can learn from this poem are determination, perseverance, and selflessness. The message given by the poet,
through this poem, is that one should keep working with a positive attitude in life because one shall eventually reap the benefits of one's
hard work.
The sower's commitment towards his work and the poet's admiration of the sower, give the poem a positive and encouraging tone, thus
making it a fine read.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 73

Write a summary of the poem using the following points:
• Title
• Introductory paragraph (about the poem, type, nature, tone)
• Conclusion (opinion, views, appeal)
SOLUTION
The Sower
The poem centres on the act of sowing by the farmer, who tirelessly sows the seeds, despite having seen many bad harvests. Still an
optimist, he hopes for a good harvest each time he sows the seeds. The poem is an ode to the sower, whose noble actions make him
the receptor of the poet's admiration. It is a gripping narrative by the poet of his observations about the sower. The tone of the poem is
optimistic and complimentary. As the poem progresses, the poet's description of the sower takes on a tone of reverence. The central
idea of the poem is that with dedication, commitment, perseverance, and hard work, one can achieve anything that one sets one's mind
too. The poet's observations about the sower tell us that the sower's undeterred faith in the likelihood of a good harvest in the future
makes him work hard today. Though the sower is old and in tattered clothes, he is calm and patient, because he knows that even if he
doesn't get to reap the benefits of his labour, others will certainly benefit from it. The sower braves the darkness and continues to sow the
seeds by marching to and fro in the field, scattering the grain far and wide and ensuring that the grains cover the entire field. This is when
the poet realises that the sower's actions are noble because he does not sow merely for himself. For the greatness of his actions, the
sower appears to be a towering figure, whose nobility elevates his position in the poet's eyes such that his height seems to be touching
the starry skies.
The poem is full of positive elements that aim to encourage the reader. The constant reiteration of the values like persistence and resolve
give the poem a motivational tone and the extensive use of word imagery make the poem appealing to the readers.

Compose a poem on a farmer in 4 to 6 lines in continuation of the following.
1. He sweats ________________
2. He does not fret ________________
3. He sows ________________
4. To the soil he bows ________________
SOLUTION
1. He sweats every day from dawn to dusk,
2. He does not fret any hurdle or crux,
3. He sows the seeds for abundant yield,
4. To the soil, he bows for God in the field. Strives he relentlessly comes what may, He knows what he sows he shall
reap one day.
Q (A6) | Page 74
Imagine that you are a farmer from a drought-prone area. Write a letter to a newspaper editor, discuss the problems, and suggest
possible solutions.
SOLUTION
Shivaji Bhosale
Pota Village,
Buldhana District,
Vidarbha.
15th May 2020
The Editor
Dainik Newspaper,
S.N. Road,
Mumbai - 400 501
Subject: Drawing attention to the farmers of the drought-prone Vidarbha region in Maharashtra
Respected Sir,
I, a farmer having a vast stretch of land in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, am writing this letter to request your kind attention to the
drought situation that my fellow farmers and I have been facing for the past few months.
Our farming activities have been stalled due to a lack of water. The storage water in the dam has already been used and the
groundwater can only be obtained by drilling a very deep borewell. There is no other source of water than the water-tankers that supply
drinking water to a number of villages in Vidarbha. The situation is going from bad to worse. Many of us had taken loans from the
Mahajan's in order to purchase growthboosters for the crops. Despite using growth-boosters, 80% of our crops got damaged. It has
become very difficult to earn anything from just a 20% yield. Neither are we able to manage our day-to-day expenses nor save any
money for the repayment to the Mahajans.
By writing to you, I would like to urge financial institutions to help us get out of this situation. Offering easy loan schemes with flexible
payment plans can help many farmers repay their debts and have some money for survival. Also, if there are any policies that can help
us insure our land, seeds, and crops, a huge burden will be taken off us. By ensuring our crops, we'll be able to minimize our losses due
to weatherrelated damages, provided it is covered under the policy.
The debt keeps increasing and the burden is way too much. This is a distress call. We really need help. I am hoping that you will publish
an article on this and draw more attention to the problems we're facing due to the drought.
Yours faithfully,
Shivaji Bhosale
Q (A7) | Page 74
Agricultural is the principal occupation in Maharashtra that has many career opportunities.
Write in brief about the various career opportunities given above. You can collect the information from the following
universities.
1. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
2. Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Pune.
3. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Q (A8) | Page 74
Visit your college library or through the web, quest collects information on the ‘Green Revolution’ and ‘White Revolution’ in our country.
SOLUTION
Green Revolution
Green Revolution was the introduction of modern agricultural methods to industrialise the agricultural sector. This was done by
introducing High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, laying emphasis on food grains such as wheat and rice, the introduction of machinery like
drills, tractors, etc., and the availability of fertilizers and pesticides. It started in the year 1965.
Advantages of the Green Revolution:

1. It may be helping to reduce the number of greenhouse gas emissions.
2. It allows us to produce more food than traditional growing methods.
3. It provides us with consistent yields during uncooperative seasons.
4. It causes a reduction in food prices for the global economy.
5. It has reduced the issues of deforestation on our planet.
Disadvantages of the Green Revolution

1. It created a lack of biodiversity in the global cropland structures.
2. It can be wiped out with one devastating disease.
3. It reduces the quality of the soil used for growing crops.
4. It requires the use of non-sustainable agricultural methods.
5. It creates health impacts that we must consider with its practices.
White Revolution
White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a program that was started by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
with a view to making India the largest producer of milk in the world. This was done by connecting the main milk sheds of the country to
the metro cities, increasing the number of milk sheds, setting up new dairies, and enabling dairy cooperatives to strengthen
infrastructure. The adoption of the threetier 'Amul-model' was the key to the success of the White Revolution.
Advantages of the White Revolution:

1. Increase in the sustainable production of milk.
2. Increase in the quality of milk goods.
3. Availability of the milk products in the urban and rural areas.
Disadvantages of the White Revolution:

1. Import of foreign breeds, lack in the use of local breeds.
2. Import of the foreign feed that cannot be produced in India.
3. Ignorance of the research and development of the agricultural sector of the country.
Chapter 2: 2.3 There is Another Sky

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Q 1. (i) | Page 75
Life is an amalgam of happy and sad moments. Think of such moments in your life, pair with your classmate, and share both
the aspects of life.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 75
Discuss with your partner and find proverbs, idioms, or phrases of similar meaning to the one given and fill them in the stars
given below:
SOLUTION
i. All's well that ends well.
ii. He who falls today may rise tomorrow.
iii. Blessing in disguise.
Q 2. (i) | Page 75
When we look at the sky, we find several objects. They stand for something or the other. Complete the following table by finding the
significance of the given objects. One example is given to you.
Q 2. (ii) | Page 75
Colours mentioned in the hexagons given below are associated with something or the other. Discuss with your partner and fill
in the blanks.

Q (A1) (i) | Page 77
Imagine your younger sister is not paying attention to her studies and is seen wasting time playing games on her cell-phone. Suggest
some ways that will help her to concentrate on her studies and overcome her bad habit.
SOLUTION
Ways to concentrate on studies & Overcome her bad habits:
i. Put your cell-phone away while studying.
ii. Maintain a schedule with properly sketched out study hours for each subject. Don't re-read as it leads to boredom.
iii. Take short breaks in between after every 3-4 hours of study. It refreshes your mind and helps to concentrate better. Don't extend
the break to more than 10 minutes.
iv. Simplify broad concepts into pointers to remember them better.
v. I shall try my best to be friendly with her and give her company.
vi. I shall gift her a drawing book and encourage her to draw and colour.
vii. I shall take her out for a short time and let her play with the neighbours.
viii. I shall take her to the garden and nourish the plants.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 77

You have noticed that many of your classmates are not interested in outdoor games or participating in co-curricular activities. Discuss
some ways in which they will be encouraged to participate in activities.
SOLUTION
Co-curricular activities play a major role in our lives. We should take part in it because:
i. They help to broaden our minds and keep us occupied.
ii. They help to develop team-building skills.
iii. They help us gain experience.
iv. They help us to hone our skills and showcase our talents.
Q (A2) (i) | Page 77

Discuss with your partner and complete the web, highlighting the sad and gloomy aspects of life mentioned in the first part of
the poem.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 77

The poet encourages her brother in the second part of the poem by telling him about the brighter side of life. Discuss with your
partner and make a list of the expressions in the poem that mean encouragement.
a. Brighter garden
b. ________________
c. ________________
SOLUTION
a. Brighter garden
b. not a frost has been
c. unfading flowers d. bright bee hum

The poet has described two different shades of human feelings by using imagery of various forces of Nature in the poem. Pick
out the terms or phrases that describe them. Complete the table given below. One is done for you.
Q (A2) (iv) | Page 78

The poem expresses feelings of serenity. Pick out expressions from the above poem that express the same.
SOLUTION
i. “…another sky, Ever serene and fair.”
ii. “…another sunshine,”
iii. “…a little forest, …leaf is ever green.”
iv. “…brighter garden,”
v. “…unfading flowers, …the bright bee hum.”
Q (A2) (v) | Page 78

Compare and contrast the two opposing human feelings as expressed by the poet.
SOLUTION
The poet has used expressions of gloominess and happiness in her poem. These contrasting expressions are used to highlight the fact
that there are two sides to life. Each one of us has the choice to focus on what we desire. For instance, the poet describes a happy
garden and also the silent fields. She tells her brother not to focus on the silent fields. We should think about the ideal nature of life and
ignore the sorrow and sadness of this physical world.
Q (A3) | Page 78
‘Never mind faded forests, Austin’. The word ‘faded’ means to become dim or faint. The word describes the forests that have
become faint or dim in appearance. Now go through the poem again and complete the table.
Q (A4) (a) | Page 78

‘I hear the bright bee hum.’ The poet has used the word ‘hum’ that indicates the sound made by the bee. This is an example of
Onomatopoeia. The poet has used different figures of speech like alliteration, inversion, and hyperbole in the poem. Identify
them and pick out the lines accordingly.
Hyperbole
SOLUTION
"Here is a little forest,
Whose leaf is evergreen;"
Explanation:
Hyperbole - The statement has been exaggerated to make the 'little forest' seem like a place where happiness is ever-lasting.
Q (A4) (b) | Page 78

Alliteration
SOLUTION
"In its unfading flowers
I hear the bright bee hum:"
Explanation:
Alliteration - The sound of the letter 'b' has been repeated for a poetic effect.
Q (A4) (c) | Page 78

Inversion
SOLUTION
"Here is a brighter garden,
Where not a frost has been;"
Explanation:
Inversion - The order of the words has been changed for a poetic effect. The correct order should be “Where (there) has been no
frost”.
Q (A5) | Page 78
Imagine your friend is a table tennis champion who has won the semi-final in the intercollegiate championship. Due to overconfidence,
she neither practices nor does she take her opponent seriously. This may result in her losing the final. Suggest some ways to make her
aware of the importance of hard work and regular practice.
SOLUTION
Hard work and regular practice are very important to win. It always pays off in the end.
i. Hard work teaches us not to give up until the end.
ii. The saying – 'Practice makes a man perfect' stands true. It hones your skills.
iii. Hard work helps us stay focused and disciplined.
iv. Regular practice teaches us determination.
Q (A6) (i) | Page 78

Use the following points and write an appreciation of the poem:
• About the poem, poet and title
• Theme
• Poetic style, language, poetic devices used in the poem
• Special features
• Message/values/morals in the poem
• Your opinion about the poem
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem 'There Is Another Sky‘
'There is Another Sky' is written by Emily Dickinson, who is an American poet from the 19th century, who is famous for her motivational
and philosophical poetry. Her verses of simple and short lines with a short rhyme scheme are unique to her era. This poem is a
Petrarchan sonnet, which means that it is a fourteen-line poem divided into two parts, such that the first part of the poem is an octave (a
stanza of eight lines) and the second part is a sestet (a stanza of six lines). In this poem, which was written as a part of a letter
addressed to her younger brother, she tries to convince him to return home by talking at length about an ideal place; which is just like
paradise. The theme dwells upon nature and human feelings as it describes the infinite The lines are short and the language is simple.
The poet has used poetic devices like Alliteration, Antithesis, Ambiguity, Hyperbole, Inversion, Metaphor, Onomatopoeia, Personification,
and Repetition to beautify the poem. The first stanza of the poem tells us about this 'other' place (not the physical world) and the second
stanza is an invitation to the brother to come to visit this place (their home which is serene like the 'other' place). The poem conveys a
sense of happiness that surrounds one's home and the special bond that siblings share.
Overall, the poem seems like a call to one's sibling to return home because they are missed. The comparisons are drawn with paradise
highlight the peace and happiness that a home offers.
Q (A6) (ii) | Page 79

Write a summary of the poem with the help of the points given below:
• Title
• Introductory paragraph (about the poem/ type / nature / tone)
• Main body (central idea/gist of the poem)
• Conclusion/ opinions/views/appeal.
SOLUTION
There is Another Sky
'There is Another Sky' is written by Emily Dickinson.
It is a sonnet consisting of fourteen lines. It is a part of a letter that Emily Dickinson had written to her younger brother, asking him to
return home. It can be said that the poem is philosophical in nature. The tone of the poem is encouraging, inspirational, and pleading. It
is a call for a loved one to return home – to happiness and peace.
The poem begins with the line – 'There Is Another Sky' wherein the poet is referring to 'heaven', metaphorically referring to their home.
She describes the beauty of it by telling us that the sunshine in this place that shines through the darkness, the forests remain green
throughout the year and the 'garden' is a cheerful place with the bees humming amidst colourful flowers. The beauty of it all seems
surreal and not related to the physical world that we live in. Thus, she tells her brother to ignore the faded forests and silent fields of the
real world i.e. sadness and emptiness respectively and to rather come to visit her in this garden that is full of happiness and love. On a
higher level, it is understood that through the lines of the poem, the poet is actually referring to their 'home'. Towards the end, she is
pleading with her brother to return to this heaven-like place -home.
The poem appeals to the readers as it pulls the emotional strings by evoking the feeling of longing for one's home.

Let’s compose a poem. Two lines are given. Add two of your own.
There is another sky,
Ever serene and fair
SOLUTION
i. Under which one can lie
Without worry or care.
ii. Like it, there is no other,
It's full of love and care.
Q (A6) (iv) | Page 79
Given below is the poem 'Blue Sky' by Mark Hastings. Imagine a poem of a similar kind by replacing the word blue. You can add any
colour or object of your choice and write a poem of four lines.
For example, replace 'blue' with

a. Starry sky above me _______________
b. Cloudy sky above me _____________
SOLUTION
Starry sky above me, the starry sky below me,
Stars and stars all around as far as I can see.
I am the universe the Lord made,
And I am never going to fade.
Q (A7) | Page 80
Write a letter to your younger sibling making her aware of various manmade and natural disasters and encourage her to join all the
programs, campaigns, drives, etc. in school or in your locality.
SOLUTION
A-303, Suryodaya Society,
Greenfield Road,
Andheri (West),
Mumbai – 400 056
Dear Archana,
I hope you are in the pink of health. I assume that you are aware of the various calamities that the world is facing.
It is sad to know that we humans are the root cause of the poor condition of our planet. It is all our doing that is now costing us dearly.
With time, we have realised what we have done and now it is high time that we did something about it.
I request you to do your part as a responsible citizen of this country, more so as a responsible being of this planet. Collect information
about the campaigns, drives, and programs that have been undertaken by your school or locality. Become a volunteer for the ones that
you are interested in and would like to work for. By doing so, you will make me proud. Also, it will be a small step towards the betterment
of mankind.
I hope to see you next week when you return home for the holidays. Take care.
Your loving sister,
Sanjivani
Q (A8) | Page 80
The poem describes the beauty of Nature. Make a list of careers that are related to Nature, the environment, and the forest. One
is done for you.
a. Forest Department - (Forest officer, Ranger, etc.)
b. _____________________
c. _____________________
d. _____________________
e. _____________________
SOLUTION
a. Forest Department - (Forest officer, Ranger, etc.)
b. Botanist
c. Geologist
d. Conservation Scientist
e. Zoologist.
Q (A9) | Page 80
'The Road Not Taken' (Robert Frost), 'O Captain My Captain' (Walt Whitman), etc. are inspirational poems. Search these poems on the
internet and write down your opinion about the poems in your notebook.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Chapter 2: 2.4 Upon Westminster Bridge
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Q 1. (i) | Page 81
A bridge connects people on either side of a river or valleys in cities or villages. Discuss with your partner the importance of a
bridge to both the cities and the villages and complete the table.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 81
Building a bridge needs careful planning. Think about what goes on before the actual construction begins.
• Proper planning
• ________________
• ________________
• ________________
• ________________
SOLUTION
• Proper planning
• Deciding the exact location to build the bridge
• Taking permissions and completing paperwork
• Gathering materials for the construction
• Conducting necessary tests before construction
• Cost Estimation
• Selecting the type of foundation depending upon scientific analysis of soil, etc.
• Redirecting necessary traffic to ensure smooth construction.
Q 2 | Page 81
You might have visited a bridge. Complete the web describing the sights you could see from the bridge.
Q (A1) | Page 83
For preparing questions based on the poem, an overall understanding of the poem is a must. Discuss with your partner and
prepare a set of five questions. For example:
a. What is the name of the bridge?
b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________
d. ________________________________
e. ________________________________
f. ________________________________
SOLUTION
a. What is the name of the bridge?
b. Which city has been referred to in the poem?
c. What time of the day is the poet talking about?
d. Why does the poet call the air 'smokeless'?
e. What does the poet mean by the last two lines of the poem?
f. Identify the poetic devices used by the poet in this poem.
Q (A2) (i) (a) | Page 83

Choose the correct alternative for the given line. Focus on the inference of the poet.
‘Earth has not anything to show more fair:
’ The line means - _________________.
1. The poet thinks that the place was not so good.
2. The poet thinks that there is another place that is more beautiful than this.
3. The poet thinks that there is no place on the earth which is as beautiful as this one.
SOLUTION
‘Earth has not anything to show more fair:’
The line means - The poet thinks that there is no place on the earth which is as beautiful as this one.
Q (A2) (i) (b) | Page 83

Choose the correct alternative for the given line. Focus on the inference of the poet.
‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by’
The line means - __________________.
1. One can walk over the bridge and ignore the surrounding beauty
2. One can halt at the place to enjoy the beauty.
3. Anyone with an appreciative mind would not be able to ignore the beauty.
SOLUTION
‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by’
The line means - Anyone with an appreciative mind would not be able to ignore the beauty.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 83

‘Earth has not anything to show more fair.’
This line expresses the poet’s feelings. The sight he saw from the bridge is beautiful.
There are a few more lines similar to the above. With the help of your partner find them and discuss what they express.
SOLUTION
1. 'A sight so touching.'
The line expresses the poet's feelings of admiration.
2. 'Never did sun more beautifully steep In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;'
The line expresses the poet's feelings of wonder at the effect created by the first rays of the sun hitting the city. The poet feels as if
the sun had never shone so beautifully over any natural form the way it did on the structures of the city that morning.
3. 'Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm, so deep!'
The line expresses the poet's feelings of calmness after witnessing nature's beauty from the bridge.

The poem creates a delightful picture of the city, rich in its natural beauty. Work in pairs, groups and pick out the lines from the poem
which give the pictorial effect to the poem. Write it in your own words.
SOLUTION
The poem creates a delightful picture of London by depicting ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples vividly; in front of our eyes.
These structures lie open to the clear sky and glitter brightly in the sunshine. The poet paints a picture of the first rays of the sun in all its
splendour (glory) falling on these structures. The Thames flowing at its own pace and the silent houses before the beginning of a new
day all add to the imagery of a still and sleeping city.
Q (A3) | Page 84
Find out the words and phrases which describe the following. One is done for you.
Q (A4) (i) | Page 84

The city now, doth, like garment wear’. The poet imagines that the city is wearing a beautiful garment. Hence, the figure of speech is
personification. Find out more examples of personification from the poem.
SOLUTION
1. An example of Personification can be found in the line,
'This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning;'
In this line, the city is said to wear the beauty of the morning like a garment. Thus, the city has been compared to a person wearing
clothes.
2. “In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;”

Personification – 'The sun' has been personified using the male pronoun 'his'.
3. The river glideth at his own sweet will:

Personification – The river has been given the animate quality of having its own 'will'.
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 84

‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by.’
This line of the poem can be rewritten as:
'He would be of a dull soul.'
The figure of speech is known as ‘Inversion’.
Find out one more example of Inversion from the poem.
SOLUTION
1. “Dull would he be of soul who could pass by”
Inversion - The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect. The correct order should be “He could pass by would be
of the dull soul”.
2. “Never did sun more beautifully steep”

Inversion - The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect. The correct order should be “The sun never did more
beautifully steep”.
3. “Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm, so deep!”

Inversion - The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect. The correct order should be “I ne'er (never) saw, never
felt, a calm so deep!”.

The poem is a Petrarchan Sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts –
a. An Octave
The first part comprising eight lines.
b. A sestet
The second part comprising six lines.
Read the first four lines of the poem. The rhyme scheme is a b b a. Read the rhyme scheme for the next four lines. It is a b b a. Now
read the first three lines of the sestet and note the rhyme scheme. It is c d c. The rhyme scheme of the last three lines is d c d. This is the
common design of a Petrarchan Sonnet.
This is a Petrarchan Sonnet. Complete the given table by giving examples from the poem.
Q (A4) (iv) | Page 85

The pride of any city is its skyline.
Write 5 lines about the place where you reside and what makes you feel proud of it.
SOLUTION
I stay in Marine Drive, Chowpatty, Mumbai. I am proud of the –
i. view of the sea that I get to enjoy every day
ii. of the wide, clean footpaths that allow people of all ages to take long walks by the sea
iii. The curved structure of the main road, known as Queen‟s necklace, which lights up the night
iv. the beach that brings people from all walks of life together
v. the food stalls on the streets that bring out the flavour of the city life as people crowd around them for an evening snack.
Q (A5) (i) | Page 85

There is a common belief that cities have always flourished only after human intrusion over nature. Write a speech expressing your
opinion about it.
SOLUTION
Good morning everyone, Today, I shall express my views against the common belief that cities have always flourished only after human
intrusion over nature. In the process of building cities and aiding their development, the beauty of nature is often ruined. To provide land
and resources for the growth of human or commercial settlements, we often encroach upon the habitats of animals and other creatures
that call nature their home. In addition, cities often contribute to large scale pollution, depletion of natural resources like trees, and
extinction of species. Building cities that coexist with nature and preserve its beauty is a difficult but not impossible task. When building a
city, it is important to dedicate sufficient space for wildlife. Understanding and nurturing plant life within the city can help local flora and
fauna survive. Using renewable energy sources and responsible waste disposal can help limit our negative impact on the surroundings. It
is high time that we understood this and stopped intruding on nature's perimeters and started coexisting with it. Thank you for being such
patient listeners.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 85

Compose a poem in an imaginary village. Try to maintain the rhyme scheme in the poem. You may begin like this….
Settled on the bank of a river

Like a queen
Is my beautiful village
Full of bushes green.
SOLUTION
Settled on the bank of a river
Like a queen.
Is my beautiful village
Full of bushes green.
People busy with their chores,
Few houses huddled around,
Little kids, little joys,
Heaven on Earth; my heart is bound.

Write an appreciation of the sonnet. Refer to the earlier poems for the points to be covered for appreciation.
• About the poem / poet / title
• Theme • Poetic devices, language, style
• Special features / novelties / focusing elements
• Values, message
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem
'Upon Westminster Bridge'
'Upon Westminster Bridge' is a Petrarchan sonnet by William Wordsworth and thus is a fourteen-line poem, divided into an octave
(observation) and a sestet (conclusion). The poem offers a vivid description of the view of the city of London through the eyes of the poet
as he finds himself atop the Westminster Bridge in the wee hours of the morning. The poem tries to convey the poet's feelings of
captivation as the early morning sun covers the landscape of the city of London in its first rays. The poet makes use of simple poetic
devices (like simile, hyperbole, and personification) and easy language, in line with his intention to write the poem for the common
people. The use of simile in the line 'This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning;' creates a powerful image of a
city wearing the morning sunshine like a piece of clothing thus describing the poet's sense of wonder. Most notably, the poet uses
personification to give life to the houses that 'seem asleep' or to compare the city of London to a 'mighty heart' that is lying still. Thus, he
paints a picture of a sleeping city. The river, too, is referred to as a living being flowing at 'its own street will'. Wordsworth uses end
rhymes to give a song-like rhythm to the poem. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abbaabba cdcdcd. The main message of the poem is
the beauty of the city in its natural setting before any activities have begun. This highlights the negative impact of industrialization which
the poet believes will ruin the city. In addition, by describing the beauty of a city, the poet shows that even a city is capable of making a
person feel calm like nature; in the early hours of a morning when everything is silent and unmoving.
Overall, the poem is a good read and allows the reader to visualize the picture painted by Wordsworth and draws similarities between the
city and nature.
Q (A5) (iv) | Page 86

Write a summary of the sonnet. Refer to the earlier poems for the points to be covered for writing the summary.
• Title
• Conclusion (opinion, views, appeal).
SOLUTION
Upon Westminster Bridge
'Upon Westminster Bridge' is a sonnet composed by William Wordsworth. It is a Petrarchan sonnet consisting of an octave and a sestet.
The tone of the poem changes from overwhelmed to calm to excited and amazed by the end.
The poet begins by describing a majestic scene that he has set his eyes upon – the city of London in the wee hours of a morning from
Westminster's Bridge. He describes the beauty of the early morning sun adorning the city with sunshine and observes the silence and
stillness of the city before its people awake. As he gazes at the structures of the city i.e. ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples, he
notes that they lie open to the sky and glitter in the rays of the morning sun. The poet observes that the air is not polluted because it is
early in the day and work hasn't begun. He describes the beginning of a new day with the first rays falling on the sleeping city and notices
how even the river flows calmly, at its own pace, thus evoking a sense of calm in the poet. Tying up the two contrasting ideas of a busy
city and nature, the poet paints a beautiful picture in our minds. He finally ends the poem by calling out to God in sheer amazement and
refers to the sleeping city of London as the 'mighty heart' that is lying still. It is a sublime finish to the fourteen-line sonnet.
The poem is a beautiful comparison between a city and nature and how both have a calming effect on a person when they are observed
in the silence of the morning. The subject of the poem substantiates the fact that Wordsworth was a true Nature poet. The use of simple
language makes it easy to understand and this is the biggest appeal of the poem as it makes the poem attractive to readers.
Q (A5) (v) | Page 86
While building a bridge, a group of people comes together. They are architects, designers, engineers, officers, masons,
politicians, building material suppliers, carpenters, etc. Write about the qualifications of these people. Choose any career from
the list above and complete the table.
Q (A6) | Page 86
Given below are a few famous bridges in India. Find out more information about them and write in your notebook.
a. The Howrah Bridge.
b. Laxman Zhula
c. Pambum Bridge
d. Worli Sea Link
SOLUTION
The Howrah Bridge
Kolkata’s twin city and also the second-largest city of West Bengal, Howrah is one of the most preferred tourist destinations. The history
of this city dates back to almost 500 years ago. Also, an industrial city, plan a trip to this place for your next vacation. There are many
places of attraction that can explore in Howrah. Of all the sightseeing attractions, one of the most significant sightseeing spots is the
Howrah Bridge that is a cantilever bridge. It is one of a kind and is also the sixth-largest bridge in the whole world. It is 2150 feet in length
with a suspending span that right above the Hooghly River. The bridge was commissioned in 1943 and was initially called the New
Howrah Bridge since it had replaced the pontoon bridge. It links two cities- both Kolkata and Howrah. In 1965, it was given another name
called Rabindra Setu, and this name was kept in honor of the renowned Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. But today it is popularly
known as the Howrah Bridge. On your visit to West Bengal, this is one attraction that you must definitely not avoid visiting. It is no less
than a magical wonder that the bridge stands with such grandeur.
The Howrah Bridge is a significant landmark of Kolkata. There are a total of four bridges namely- Vidyasagar Setu bridge, Vivekananda
Setu, and the Nivedita Setu bridge that was built recently. It is said that the bridge carries the traffic of 100,000 vehicles and 150,000
pedestrians. When this bridge was first constructed is was the third-longest cantilever bridge and now it stands in the sixth position.
Laxman Zhula
About 2 km from Swarg Ashram lies the well-known Lakshman (Laxman) Jhula, a suspension bridge about 450 ft long. Named after Lord
Rama’s younger brother, Lakshmana (Laxman), it has temples on either side, including the famed Lakshmana Temple. The entire bridge
is made of iron and is situated at a height of 70 ft from the river. Built-in 1939, over River Ganga, the jhula is one of the most prominent
landmarks in Rishikesh. As the legend goes, Lord Lakshmana (Laxman) crossed Ganga on ropes of jute, and hence the bridge has been
named in his honour.
Pambum Bridge
It is an engineering marvel that evokes awe! Few can forget a train journey on the Pamban bridge, connecting Rameswaram island to
the mainland. With 143 piers, spanning 2 km between the mainland and the island, it is the secondlongest sea bridge in India after the
2.3-km Bandra-Worli sea link on Mumbai's western coast.
German engineer Scherzer designed the central part of the bridge that opens up to allow ferry movement. On average, 10 to 15 boats
and small ships pass beneath the bridge every month. As India's first sea bridge, it has also become a tourist attraction by itself as
people watch in awe when the two leaves of the bridge open up to let ships pass through.
Worli Sea Link

The Bandra Worli Sea Link is a ubiquitous symbol of 21st century Mumbai. The 5.6kilometre cable-stayed bridge is a remarkable
technical feat, the first of its kind built over open seas in India. To Mumbai’s elite, the Sea Link epitomizes connectivity and a jet-setting
lifestyle. To the city’s aspiring classes, it is bound up with dreams of dignity and escaping the crushing commute of overcrowded local
trains and buses.
Chapter 2: 2.5 Nose versus Eyes
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Q 1 | Page 87
Complete the web with the help of adjectives used to describe eyes and nose in all respects. Two are done for you.
Q 2. (i) | Page 87
Given below are some words from legal terminology used in court affairs. Discuss and complete the table accordingly.
SOLUTION
Q 2. (ii) | Page 87
Name the five sensory organs and provide phrases/idioms/proverbs related to them. (One is given for you.)
a. to turn a deaf ear ____________
b. ____________________________
c. ____________________________
d. ____________________________
e. ____________________________
SOLUTION
a. to turn a deaf ear
b. Nose – have (one's) nose in the air, keep (one's) nose out of (something), rub (one's) nose in it.
c. Eyes – a bird‟s eye view, the apple of one's eye, turn a blind eye, an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.
d. Tongue – tongue-tied, to be on the tip of one's tongue, a slip of the tongue, the tongue can paint what the eye can't see.
e. Skin – get under someone's skin, thickskinned, beauty is only skin-deep.

Q (A1) (i) (a) | Page 89
The nose can use spectacles.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The nose can use spectacles - True.
Q (A1) (i) (b) | Page 89
Eyes have to be shut when the Nose wears/puts on the spectacles.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Eyes have to be shut when the Nose wears/puts on the spectacles - True.
Q (A1) (i) (c) | Page 89
The Ear was appointed as a judge.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The Ear was appointed as a judge - True.
Q (A1) (i) (d) | Page 89
Eyes cannot use spectacles.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Eyes cannot use spectacles - True.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 89
Discuss with your partner and match the following expressions given in column A with their interpretations in column 'B'.
SOLUTION
Q (A2) (i) | Page 90
The tongue justifies the possession of the spectacles on behalf of the nose. Pick up the expressions from the poem that
argues in favour of the Nose and complete the following web diagram.
SOLUTION
i. That the Nose has had spectacles always in wear, which amounts to possession time out of mind.'
ii. They are made with a straddle As wide as the ridge of the Nose is;
iii. That the visage or countenance had not a Nose, Pray who would, or who could wear spectacles then?
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 90

Comment on the following characters depicted in the poem, in a sentence or a phrase.

“Lend thy ears to all but few thy tongue”…. is a famous quote by William Shakespeare. Justify.
SOLUTION
The quote “Lend thy ears to all but few thy tongue” by William Shakespeare suggests that while one must be quick to listen to another's
opinions or views, giving your opinion must be done more cautiously.
This is because listening to a variety of opinions and views helps to form a clearer perspective. However, when giving out an opinion,
careful consideration and thought must be given to the matter at hand, and only when one is sure of their viewpoint, should one venture
to speak.
The quote thus focuses on the importance of being a good listener and warns us about the disadvantages of speaking without thinking.
Q (A3) | Page 90
Pick out examples of Inversion from the poem.
SOLUTION
1. “Between Nose and Eyes, a strange contest arose, -”
Inversion – The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect. The correct order should be “A strange contest arose
between Nose and Eyes”.
2. “Again would your lordship a moment suppose,”
Inversion – The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect. The correct order should be “Again, would your
lordship suppose (for) a moment”.
3. “That the spectacles plainly were made for the Nose,” Inversion – The words in the line have been rearranged for poetic effect.
The correct order should be “That the spectacles were plainly made for the Nose”
Q (A4) (i) | Page 90
Justify the verdict delivered in the poem.
I can support my answer with the help of the following suitable arguments:
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
SOLUTION
a. Spectacles are always worn on the nose.
b. Without the nose for support, the spectacles would be of no use.
c. A pair of spectacles are designed to perfectly fit the shape of the nose.
d. The sole purpose of a nose is to balance the spectacles on its ridge to keep them from falling.
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 90
Compose two lines of your own on any sensory organ.
SOLUTION
Sensitive in nature is the skin
A slap, a burn, or be it a pin
OR
The skin provides cover like a blanket in the cold,
And changes with age, from young to old.

Imagine that you are a lawyer defending the case of the eyes in court. Present your counter statement in support of your client.
SOLUTION
I can present my case on behalf of the eyes with the help of the following arguments:
i. It is because of the eyes that one wears spectacles.
ii. Spectacles are made to correct one's vision.
iii. Spectacles aid the eyes to see clearly at all times of the day – be it day or night.
iv. Spectacles help in reading and in protecting the eyes from strain.
v. If the eyes do not need spectacles, it is pointless to wear them.
Q (A5) (i) | Page 90
Write the appreciation of the poem.
• Theme
• Poetic devices, language, style
• Values, message
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem 'Nose versus Eyes'
The poem 'Nose versus Eyes' by William Cowper is a satirical take on the judiciary.
The theme dwells on the proceedings of a court where judgment is passed without careful consideration.
The rhyme scheme of the poem is 'abab' and provides a song-like flow to the poem. The notable features of the poem are the use of
Imagery, Simile, Personification, and Inversion. While inversion has been used to maintain the rhyme scheme and add to poetic effect,
imagery helps to paint a vivid picture of the court setting in the minds of the readers. The highlight of the poem is the personification of
the eyes, nose, and tongue. The characters assigned to each one of them are perfectly fitting and add to the humorous nature of the
poem.
Though the poem is a mockery of the legal system, the message is to highlight the general pitfalls of selective hearing and warn the
reader to exercise good judgment. The poem also reveals the failure of the legal system in delivering justice. This is particularly obvious
in the lines 'then shifting his side, as a lawyer knows how' and 'what were his arguments few people know'. The irony of the poem is that
the judgment was made in favour of the one, who had no use of it i.e. the Nose. In a court of justice, injustice was served to the eyes.
Overall the poem is apparently funny but upon a closer look, the depth of the poem is revealed.
Q (A5) (ii) | Page 90

Write a summary of the poem.
• Title
• Introductory paragraph (about the poem/ type/nature/tone)
• Main body (central idea/gist of the poem)
• Conclusion/ opinions/views/appeal.
SOLUTION
Nose versus Eyes
The title of the poem, 'Nose versus Eyes' clearly describes the premise of the poem. It is a dispute between the Nose and the Eyes
regarding the ownership of the spectacles. The poem is humorous in nature and is a satirical work mocking the legal system. Though the
tone of the poem is sarcastic and funny, a closer analysis reveals its depth. It aims to highlight the downfalls of analysing something at
face value, without logical analysis.
The poem details the argument between the Nose and the Eyes by placing them in a court setting. The tongue, who is appointed as the
lawyer, argues both sides without worrying about who is the true owner of the spectacles. It is also clear that the Ear (chosen as the
judge) delivers the verdict in favour of the Nose simply on the basis of nonsensical arguments and without considering any logic. The
irony of his decision in giving the right of ownership to the Nose and asking the Eyes to remain shut when the Nose wears them is
obvious and thus effectively highlights the drawbacks of blind justice.
The Ear and the Tongue are both given roles that perfectly fit their functions as sensory organs. However, they both behave in a manner
opposite to their ideal nature. This brings out the poet’s message that people should use their senses in the right manner and thus
exercise careful listening and good judgment.
On the whole, the poem is a delightful read and is appealing to the reader due to its ease of understanding and humorous take on the
realities of the legal system. Through the use of powerful imagery, the poet successfully convinces the reader to make proper use of his
sensory abilities.
Q (A6) | Page 90
Read different stories about intelligent ministers of kings, whose judgments helped to bring about law and order in society. For example -
Birbal, Tenalirama, etc. Write 5 such stories in your notebook.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Chapter 2: 2.6 The Planners
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Q 1. (i) | Page 91
You have heard the proverb ‘Plan your work, work your plan’. It means - ________________.
1. Planning of the work is important.
2. Without planning work cannot be accomplished.
3. Make planning and work according to that plan.
4. Planning and work are two sides of the same coin.
SOLUTION
You have heard the proverb ‘Plan your work, work your plan’. It means - Make planning and work according to that plan.
Q 1. (ii) | Page 91
Choose the proper alternatives from the statements given below which would explain why town planning is essential -
_______________.
a. To develop the city according to the guidelines.
b. To get the ‘Best City Award’.
c. To attract tourists.
d. To use and develop the land available in the city for the interest of the citizens.
SOLUTION
Why town planning is essential -
a. To develop the city according to the guidelines.
b. To use and develop the land available in the city for the interest of the citizens.
Given below are various professions in column A and in column B, the nature of work in respective professions. Match the columns.
SOLUTION
Q (A1) | Page 93
Read the poem and complete the web about the activities the planners do.
SOLUTION
The Planners
i. Plan and build.
ii. Grid all the spaces and fill them with permutations of possibilities.
iii. Rearrange buildings with roads that meet at desired points.
iv. Kick aside useless blocks with dental dexterity.
v. Erase the flaws and blemishes of the past.
vi. Drill right through the fossils of the last century.
vii. Pile non-stop.
Q (A2) (a) | Page 93
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners plan to construct buildings wherever they find a place.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners plan to construct buildings wherever they find a place - True.
Q (A2) (b) | Page 93
Planners take public consent for the alterations they make in the old structures of the city.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners take public consent for the alterations they make in the old structures of the city - False.
Q (A2) (c) | Page 93
Planners are concerned about the environment of the area.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners are concerned about the environment of the area - False.
Q (A2) (d) | Page 93
Planners make their plans mathematically perfect, at the same time they calculate their profit.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners make their plans mathematically perfect, at the same time they calculate their profit - True.
Q (A2) (e) | Page 94
Planners deliberately find drawbacks in the old city planning.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners deliberately find drawbacks in the old city planning - True.
Q (A2) (f) | Page 94
The newly planned city looks modern and amazingly beautiful.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
The newly planned city looks modern and amazingly beautiful - False.
Q (A2) (g) | Page 94
Planners paint beautiful pictures of the upcoming changes in the city that charm the citizens.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners paint beautiful pictures of the upcoming changes in the city that charm the citizens - True.
Q (A2) (h) | Page 94
Planners make tactful changes so that citizens do not recognize familiar landmarks.
1. True
2. False
SOLUTION
Planners make tactful changes so that citizens do not recognize familiar landmarks - True.
Q (A3) | Page 94
Read the expression:
‘the blueprint of our past’s tomorrow’. Consider in a group why the poet has not mentioned ‘the present’. It is because of the planners
who have possessed our ‘present’ in order to change ‘our past’ into the ‘future’ they desire. Go through the poem and write the lines
which support this thought.
a. The buildings are in alignment with the roads which meet at desired points.
b. ____________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________
f. ____________________________________________.
SOLUTION
The lines which support the thought mentioned in the question are as follows:
a. The buildings are in alignment with the roads which meet at desired points.
b. They build and will not stop.
c. Even the sea draws back and the skies surrender.
d. They erase the flaws, the blemishes of the past.
e. So history is new again
f. The drilling goes right through the fossils of the last century.
Q (A4) | Page 94
The term 'Anaesthesia' in the poem means - 'The planner gives beautiful pictures of the new modern city'. Now find out what is
Amnesia and Hypnosis in the given context.
SOLUTION
The poet uses the words 'Anaesthesia', 'Amnesia' and 'Hypnosis' to convey that the planners have all the means to distract the people
from the pain of their history being replaced in order to give way for the planners' vision of modernisation.
The word 'Amnesia', in the given context, means the various incentives offered by the planners, so that the people lose any sentimental
attachment to the past. They brainwash people so that they forget the importance of their country's history and nature's bounty.
The word 'hypnosis', in the given context, refers to the manipulation of the people's thoughts by the planners, so that the people conform
to the developments made and the policies laid down by the planners. They hypnotise people into welcoming the new world by making it
seem perfect.
Q (A5) | Page 94
Pick out the statements which aptly depict the theme of the poem.
a. In the poem, the speaker memorises the past.
b. In ‘The Planners’ the poet describes the unstoppable force of modernisation.
c. The poet talks about the replacement of the natural environment with the concrete jungle.
d. The poet proposes to stop modernisation.
e. The poet laments helplessly.
SOLUTION
a. In the poem, the speaker memorializes the past.
b. In 'The Planners' the poet describes the unstoppable force of modernisation.
c. The poet talks about the replacement of the natural environment with the concrete jungle.
d. The poet laments helplessly.
Q (A6) | Page 94
The tone of the poet is sarcastic. When he writes ‘All spaces are gridded filled with permutations of possibilities’ he intends to indicate the
efforts made by the planner to exploit every available piece of land without any consideration of harming nature or violating attachments
of people to places. Make pairs/groups and find out some more sarcastic lines having the same effect.
SOLUTION
Some more sarcastic lines from the extract are as follows:
…linked by bridges all hang in the grace of mathematics. Though these lines seem appreciative of the planners, they are actually not
intended as praise. The fact, that the poet means the opposite of what he has written, makes these lines sarcastic.
Q (A7) (i) | Page 94
Write the appreciation of the poem.
• Theme • Poetic devices, language, style
• Values, message
SOLUTION
Appreciation of the poem
'The Planners' The poem, 'The Planner', is a criticism of modernisation at the cost of the country's history and heritage. The poet, Boey
Kim Cheng, is an Australian poet of Chinese descent, born in Singapore. He expresses his disapproval of the unyielding building projects
carried out by the planners. The poet's country, Singapore, is being turned into a concrete jungle and losing its past in the process. The
poem revolves around the theme of the preservation of history and nature against the onslaught of urbanisation. Though improvement is
essential for a country, it should not come at the expense of losing its roots. And this is precisely what the poet is trying to convey
through the poem. The poet has used a number of poetic devices like Alliteration, Antithesis, Inversion, Irony, Onomatopoeia, Oxymoron,
Paradox, Personification, Repetition, and Tautology.
The language used by the poet is positive, but the tone is that of sarcasm. By portraying history and heritage as flawed, blemished, and
useless, the poet is, in reality, mocking the planners; because it is the planners who are thoughtlessly destroying the past in their craze
for a perfect future. The poet has written the poem in short lines, which show his curtness in criticising the planners and also the
planners' desire to build ceaselessly. The line 'They plan. They build' is an example of this as it shows the inconsiderate action of the
planners implementing their plans without factoring in the people's opinion.
The poet has used literary devices imagery and extended metaphor to clearly convey his emotions. The mathematical reference in the
first stanza creates the visual image of all the structures being crammed into grids of various sizes, making them appear confined. The
extended metaphor of dentistry in the second stanza conveys that the planners' treatment of the ancient structures in the city is the same
as a dentist's treatment of a rotten tooth. The planners are adept at erasing blemishes and filling gaps to create a country with perfectly
aligned buildings and numbing the people's senses so that they don't feel the pain of this transformation. In the last stanza, the poet says
in a melancholic yet sarcastic tone that the new city does not inspire his creativity and that is why he would not stain this perfectly-
structured world with his poetry.
The poet conveys the message of not losing the past in this day and age of modernisation, because without the past, a country would be
nothing but a cluster of lifeless structures.
In my opinion, this poem is a fine read as it focuses on the severe consequences of rapid urbanisation on the history of a country, rather
than the more commonly known effects on the environment.
Q (A7) (ii) | Page 94

Write a summary of the poem.
• Title
• Conclusion (opinion, views, appeal).
SOLUTION
The Planners
The title of the poem is 'The Planners' and it focuses on the planners' need for perfection and uniformity, which leads to the loss of
history as well as nature. The poem is a satire as it mocks the planners' desire to build a flawless world. The poet has written this poem
in a free-verse format as he strongly opposes structural uniformity. The tone of the poet throughout the poem is sarcastic, except for the
last stanza where it changes to melancholic. The poet's reference to the city's structures as rigid mathematical designs and his
comparison of the planners to dentists convey his sarcastic tone with great clarity.
The poet expresses how his country, the island-state of Singapore, is being torn down by the planners for building perfectly measured
and confined structures that erase Singapore's history and push nature away from its landscape. The planners destroy the ancient
structures that form a part of Singapore's past by terming them as 'flawed' and 'useless'. The poet stresses how the skyscrapers built by
the planners resemble perfect rows of teeth, which symbolize artificiality, just like a dentist straightens crooked teeth to create the perfect
smile. Though aesthetically appealing, the smile is not real. Similarly, Singapore's scene has also lost its originality. The planners want to
reinvent history and therefore recklessly drill to build sky-high structures without being sensitive to the country's heritage. At the end of
the poem, in a state of acceptance, the poet declares that he shall not stain with his poetry, the immaculate world that the planners have
built. This is ironic because the poet is writing the poetry while declaring that he won't write one.
The poem's appeal lies in its unique stance on the destruction caused by modernisation, as it emphasizes the consequences of
urbanisation on history, as opposed to just nature. In my opinion, this makes the poem stand out from the others that talk about the ill-
effects of building a concrete jungle.
Q (A8) | Page 95
Read the first and second stanza of the poem. We understand that the poet wants to suggest the powerful dominance of the
planners who shape the town according to their selfish desires. Make a list of such expressions. You may begin with –
a. All the spaces are gridded, filled with permutations of possibilities.
b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________
d. ________________________________
SOLUTION
a. All the spaces are gridded, filled with permutations of possibilities.
b. The buildings are in alignment with the roads which meet at desired points linked by bridges all hang in the grace of
mathematics.
c. They build and will not stop.
Q (A9) (i) | Page 94

Read the expression ‘permutation of possibility’. The consonant sound ‘P’ at beginning of the successive words creates a sonorous
effect. This is an example of Alliteration. Find out more examples of Alliteration from the poem.
SOLUTION
1. “…knock off useless blocks with dental dexterity.”
Alliteration - The sound of the letter „d‟ has been repeated for poetic effect.
2. “All gaps are plugged with gleaming gold.”

Alliteration - The sound of the letter „g‟ has been repeated for poetic effect.
3. “But my heart would not bleed poetry.”

Alliteration - The sound of the letter „b‟ has been repeated for poetic effect.
Q (A9) (ii) | Page 95

Explain the extended metaphor related to dentistry in the poem.
SOLUTION
The poet has compared the skill and precision of the planners with that of a dentist. This comparison starts with the
They erase the flaws,

the blemishes of the past, knock off
useless blocks with dental dexterity.
All gaps are plugged.
with gleaming gold.
The country wears perfect rows of shining teeth.
Anaesthesia, amnesia, hypnosis.
They have the means. They have it all so it will not hurt.
so history is new again.
The piling will not stop.
The drilling goes right through
the fossils of the last century.
A comparison of this kind which continues through a series of lines and forms a dominant part of the poem is known as an Extended
Metaphor.
The poet says that the planners erase the flaws and blemishes of the past, just like a dentist removes the imperfections and stains from
the teeth. The planners even knock off useless blocks the same way a dentist would extract a rotten tooth because it doesn't serve its
purpose anymore. The skillful uprooting of the past by the planners has been compared to the expertise possessed by a dentist. The
poet goes on to say that like the dentist, the planners, too, plug the gaps of the city with gleaming gold, that is, they build glassy
skyscrapers which are so flawlessly aligned, that they resemble perfect rows of shining teeth. The poet further adds that the planners
also have the means to anaesthetise the people, so that they don't feel the pain of their history being taken away from them, which is
similar to the dentist using anesthesia to numb the sensation during a dental procedure. Even the drilling is done for building new
structures is compared to the drilling done by a dentist to remove all that is old and unwanted, just like the planners remove the traces of
history by digging right through the fossils of the last century. The planners and the dentists perform similar tasks of replacing the old with
the new and substituting imperfections for artificial perfection.
Q (A9) (ii) | Page 95
Give suggestions to protect our national heritage monuments.
SOLUTION
The following are some of the measures we can take in order to protect our national heritage monuments:
i. Trespassing should be prohibited and access to heritage sites must be closely monitored.
ii. Local administrative bodies in charge of their upkeep must be held accountable for their maintenance.
iii. Littering or damaging such sites should invite a hefty fine.
iv. Local residents must be involved in the preservation efforts.
v. A periodic survey of their structural integrity should be undertaken and restoration should be scheduled as and when required.
Q (A10) | Page 95
Complete the following table.
Q (A11) | Page 95
Compose four lines expressing the grief of having lost nature due to modernisation.
SOLUTION
The feeling of gloom enveloped me,
As I witness the concrete consume my city.
Not a green sight visible for miles,
All I see around me are glossy bright tiles,
Not a mountain, stream, or even waterfalls,
I'm only surrounded by big grey walls.
There is no way for nature to come back,
To this city shut with fences that just don't crack.
Q (A12) | Page 95
Imagine that a person who has returned to his native place after a long time is talking to his old friend about the changes that have taken
place in the village. Write a dialogue between two friends who have become nostalgic about their old village.
SOLUTION
Q (A13) (i) | Page 95

Write in short about at least five cities in India that are considered to be the most developed cities.
SOLUTION
i. Mumbai:
Mumbai is regarded as the economic capital of India as well as its industrial hub. Financial institutions like the Reserve Bank of
India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, and the National Stock Exchange have their headquarters in Mumbai. Several prominent
Indian companies like the Tata Group, the Reliance Industries, and the Essel Group have their base in Mumbai. This city of
dreams also boasts of India's largest film industry. With its rich, beautiful colonial architecture, well-connected rail routes, and
endless job opportunities, the city attracts migrants from all over the country. Once merely a cluster of seven islands, Mumbai
transformed into a city when these islands were connected by concrete.
ii. New Delhi:

It is the second-most developed city in India. It houses the Indian Central Government and chief institutions that form the basis
of the Indian economy. It has a well-formed network of all modes of transport. New Delhi is also famous for its booming retail
industry. Delhi also attracts a lot of foreign investment in various sectors such as construction, power, etc.
iii. Kolkata:
Kolkata, formerly Calcutta, used to be the British capital of India. Several industrial units like mining, steel, pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, and textile have led to Kolkata's economic growth. It is one of the most important financial centres of East &
Northeast India and also houses the Calcutta Stock Exchange. Kolkata attracts several tourists due to its splendid architecture.
As the sole eastern city to have an international airport, Kolkata plays a major role in connecting the eastern part of India to the
world. The network of the Metro-rails plays a major role in the city's transport system along with the cycle-rickshaws.
iv. Bangalore:
Bangalore is also known as the IT hub or the Silicon Valley of India. Various IT companies like Infosys, Wipro, and Mphasis
have their headquarters in this city. The space agency ISRO and aerospace company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited also have
their headquarters in Bangalore. The city boasts of a pleasant climate, which attracts a lot of tourists.
v. Hyderabad:
Hyderabad is also known as the city of pearls. However, with the largest number of Special Economic Zones in the country, this
city is attracting a lot of national and international companies to set up base here. It has already attracted Apple to open a
development centre and Microsoft India to set up its headquarters here. The technological park, Genome Valley, situated in this
city is very well-known. The city's unique culture, interesting monuments, museums, and bazaars attract lots of tourists. Home
to many educational institutes, this city is well-known for educational excellence.
Q (A13) (ii) | Page 95
Your examinations are only two months ahead. Plan your schedule of studies and write in your notebook.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Q (A13) (iii) | Page 95
Read 'The City Planners' by Margaret Atwood.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Chapter 3: 3.1 Expansion of Ideas
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Q 1 | Page 97
Discuss with your partner the different ideas connoted by the word 'season'.
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
SOLUTION
a. The word ‘season’ could mean the different weather patterns that occur due to the changes in the position of the earth in regard to
the sun.
b. The word ‘season’ could also mean ‘giving more flavour by adding’ when it is used in the context of food. e.g. Season the dish with
black pepper and oregano.
c. The word ‘season’ could also refer to the period when a sport is played. e.g. football season, cricket season, etc.
d. The word ‘season’ could also mean one set of episodes of a television series.
Q 2 | Page 97
Select a season of your choice and give the following details:
a. Time of the year –
b. Characteristics- crops, festivals, etc.
c. Features/changes - climate/weather/temperature etc.
d. Advantages/Disadvantages –
SOLUTION
i. Time of the year:
The winter season - begins from the end of November and stays till the end of February.
ii. Characteristics:
The crops that are grown in the winter season in India are known as Rabi crops. These crops are sown in the month of October
and harvested in spring. Wheat, barley, sesame, gram, and mustard are some examples of crops grown in the winter season.
The festivals that are celebrated on a large scale in India during the winter season are - Diwali, Christmas, Makar Sankranti,
Pongal, Lohri, Republic Day, etc.
iii. Features/Climate:
During the winter season, the weather in India changes from the hot and humid to the cool and dry. The average winter
temperature ranges between 10-15 degrees Celsius, with the coldest months being December and January.
iv. Advantages/Disadvantages:
The winter season in all parts of India, except the North, is a respite from the scorching October heat. It is the most-awaited
season, apart from the monsoon, as it helps people enjoy the outdoors without having to worry about getting a heatstroke.
However, winters in the north of India can be quite extreme. With thick fog, snowfall, hailstorms, etc. survival becomes quite
difficult at times.
Q 3 | Page 97
Proverbs associated with the word season: for eg: Make hay while the sun shines.
a. _________________________
b. _________________________
SOLUTION
a. One kind word can warm three winters.
b. No winter lasts forever, no spring skips its turn.
c. Turn your face toward the sun and the shadows fall behind you.
Q 4 | Page 97
Guess the meaning of the above proverbs and write them down along with a sentence of your own.
SOLUTION
i. One kind word can warm three winters:
This proverb means that being kind to someone can go a long way. ‘Winter’ is considered to be harsh, cold, bleak, and gloomy.
Therefore, an act of kindness can bring warmth to the life of someone going through a bleak phase.
Sentence: We must never forget that one kind word can warm three winters.
ii. No winter lasts forever, no spring skips its turn
As winter is associated with gloom and spring with liveliness and goodness, this proverb states that no matter how bad the
times, they won’t last forever. In other words, difficulties don’t last forever and good times never fail to follow.
Sentence: Rehan needs to move on from his loss and understand that no winter lasts forever and no spring skips its turn.
iii. Turn your face toward the sun and the shadows fall behind you
Sun is a symbol of goodness and positivity, whereas shadows represent troubles and problems. This proverb means that when
we choose to focus on the positive things in life, the negative things will automatically stop affecting us as we will have left them
behind.
Sentence: Nikita, you can’t live your life like a pessimist. You need to turn your face toward the sun and let the shadows fall
behind you.
Q 5. (a) | Page 97
Discuss with your partner on the following topic. Express your views and opinions in favour of and against the topic.
Are sports essential in Jr. Colleges?
SOLUTION
In Favour: Yes, sports keep the students healthy and active as well as develop a competitive spirit in them.
Against: No, sports are not essential in Jr. Colleges as they might lead the students to focus less on their studies.
Q 5. (b) | Page 97
Are college council elections essential in Jr. Colleges?
SOLUTION
In Favour: Yes, the college council is the mediator between the teachers and the students. It is assigned a lot of responsibilities like
organising meets, conducting activities, arranging for guest lectures, etc.
Against: No, student council elections are not essential in Jr. Colleges because students who are not a part of the council may feel left
out and the ones who are a part of the council might misuse their authority.
Q 5. (c) | Page 97
Is cell-phone the need for the times?
SOLUTION
In Favour: Yes, it helps one stay in touch with their friends and family. It is also a lifesaver in times of emergencies.
Against: People have grown apart because of cell phones. They prefer living in the virtual world rather than in the real one.
Q 5. (d) | Page 97
Should the 'Earn and Learn' concept be made mandatory for students?
SOLUTION
In Favour: Yes, because this way they will learn how to be responsible. It will also help them manage their finances better as adults.
Against: No, as it would be an additional burden on the students and might shift their focus from learning.
BRAINSTORMING, ICE BREAKERS [PAGE 100]

Q (A1) (i) | Page 100
Expand the idea inherent in the following proverb :
A Bad workman blames his tools.
SOLUTION
A bad workman blames his tools
A workman who is not good at his work blames his tools and not himself. Blaming his tools is a bad workman’s way of not owning up to
his mistakes or taking responsibility for a job not done well.
When a workman doesn’t do his job right, he loses credibility and his clients are driven away. Thus, he cannot take ownership of the bad
work since that will establish him as a poor workman. Fearing this bad reputation, he blames everything but himself for his mediocre
deliverables. Citing excuses, delaying deadlines, and pointing fingers are some of the many arrows in a bad workman’s quiver of fallacy.
According to him, everything conspires against him whenever he is trying to do his job well. This saying is suitable for people who lack
certain skill sets or qualities and instead of correcting them and improving, they make excuses for themselves by blaming it on external
factors. The saying thus continues, ‘a bad workman always quarrels with his tools’.
Q (A1) (ii) | Page 100
One should eat to live, not live to eat - Franklin.
SOLUTION
One should eat to live, not live to eat
‘One must eat to live and not live to eat’, is a famous quote from the well-known playwright, Molière’s play, ‘The Miser’. This proverb aims
to communicate that one must eat as much as is needed to survive and not overeat. One must not make eating their life’s purpose.
In today’s day and age, we have a lot of options available for travel, entertainment, and even food. From gourmet restaurants to fast food
joints, the list is never-ending. Therefore, when we indulge in these, it becomes our responsibility to choose wisely. We need to draw a
line between having a hearty meal and indulging in gluttony. We should understand that food is primarily eaten for survival and though
there is nothing wrong with consuming food for pleasure, care must be taken to avoid overconsumption. Our busy lives don’t permit us to
develop extensive exercise routines. Hence, it becomes essential to limit our intake to what the body can process, instead of making it
work overtime to break down the extra amount of food that we have consumed. After all, ‘Too much of anything is good for nothing’.
Q (A1) (iii) | Page 100

If winter comes, can spring be far behind? - Shelley
SOLUTION
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
The proverb ‘If winter comes, can spring be far behind?’ means that if something bad or unfortunate happens, one mustn’t lose heart for
there is definitely something better and much more fortunate that will soon follow. The quote refers to the cycle of joy and sorrow. If it is
winter and everything is dying, there will come spring next and everything will blossom again. For fresh flowers to bloom and leaves to
unfold, it is necessary for the old ones to wither away. This proverb fuels positivity in the minds of people so that if they think they have
hit rock bottom, the only way to go now is up; it gives them the hope that the dark clouds will soon disperse, and the sun will shine again.
One simply needs to have faith that the difficult times won’t last forever. All in all, this proverb is full of hope and positivity, just like the
profound saying, ‘There is light at the end of the tunnel’.
Q (A1) (iv) | Page 100
Beauty is truth, truth is beauty - John Keats
SOLUTION
Beauty is truth, truth is beauty
‘Beauty is truth, truth is beauty’ is an extract from a famous poem by Keats, ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, in which the poet describes how an
urn depicts the truth of humankind and that of life.
In context to the rest of the poem, the idea is that art conveys the truth better than any other form of communication. Nothing
communicates human experiences better than art. The quote states how beauty lies in permanence. Elements that never perish will
remain beautiful for eternity and truth is one such element. Thus, it is said that truth lies in everything that’s beautiful and beauty lies in
everything that’s true. Consequently, one must search for the element of truth in everything we see, because though appearances may
fade with time, the truth will always retain its beauty. After all, as John Keats notes in another one of his sayings, ‘A thing of beauty is a
joy forever’.
Q (A1) (v) | Page 100
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread - Alexander Pope.
SOLUTION
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread
The meaning of the proverb ‘Fools rush in where angels fear to tread’ is that only inexperienced and impatient people attempt to do
things which the experienced will think twice before taking on.
This phrase by Alexander Pope suggests that a person who quickly rushes in to take over a situation, whose challenges and difficulties
he does not fully understand, is a fool. Such a person does not stop to think why the people who are experts on the matter have avoided
the situation.
Thus, in his overconfidence, he thinks that he can handle something that the intelligent and experienced people have chosen to stay
away from. This cautious behaviour of the experienced is also often misinterpreted by the inexperienced as cowardice. The amateur
thinks that he has the chance to prove that he has greater knowledge and hence, rushes in to solve the problem.
In conclusion, a wise man carefully considers the views of those who are smarter than him while a fool, who is in a hurry to brag, ends up
paying for his haste.
Q (A2) | Page 100
Complete the tabular columns to specify Dos and Don’ts associated with the 'Expansion of Ideas'.
Chapter 3: 3.2 Blog Writing

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Q 1 | Page 101
A blog is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web. Before blog writing became popular, people
used to write/share their articles/write-ups, etc., through various media. Discuss in pairs the various mass media available for
people to express their views and complete the web given below.
Q 2 | Page 101
Writing is considered to be one of the most challenging, demanding, and lucrative careers in the world. Match the professions
in table (A) with their descriptions in a table (B) and also what they are called from the table (C).
Q (A1) | Page 103
Go through the text again to understand the important features of blogs. Discuss various blogs and their features with your
friends.
A blog helps us to express our - ___________.
• Feelings
• _________
• _________
• _________
SOLUTION
A blog helps us to express our -
• Feelings
• Opinions
• Experiences
• Information.
Q (A2) (1) | Page 104
We all know that blogs can be written on many topics. Your teacher will divide the class into groups and assign a task to every
group to make a list of various topics on which blogs are normally written. One is given to you.
• Social Awareness
• _________________
• _________________
• ________________
SOLUTION
• Social Awareness
• Travel
• Education
• Technology
Q (A2) (i) | Page 104

Go Through the blog given in the text and also refer to different blogs on the internet about various social issues and
environmental hazards. Now write a blog on the following topic.
Earth with no trees
Q (A2) (iii) | Page 104
Man Vs Nature
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 104
Say no to tobacco
SOLUTION
Q (A2) (iii) | Page 104

You will come across many blogs written by famous personalities on different topics and issues. Read and make a list of at
least ten blogs available on the internet. Read and summarise a blog and present it before the class.
Q (A3) | Page 104
Prepare a word register for writing a blog, by choosing a particular topic of your own choice.
You can write about the environment, pollution, education, etc. For example word register for a blog on the environment could be: Trees,
mountains, climate, oxygen, the ozone layer, biodiversity, coral reefs, green cover, biodegradable, etc.
SOLUTION
A word register for a blog on education could be: Teachers, students, college, courses, study material, institute, paper pattern, test,
degree, etc.
Q (A4) | Page 104
Given below are a few topics for blog writing. Discuss and write.
Personality Development
Q (A4) | Page 104

Health and Fitness
Q (A4) | Page 104
Social Dynamics
Q (A4) | Page 104

Communication Skills
Q (A4) | Page 104
Self Defence
Q (A5) | Page 104

There are many blog websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress. com, www.blogger.com, and www.blogs.myspace.com. You
can develop your blog writing skills taking on the basis of this to make a list of career opportunities available to you.
SOLUTION
Do it yourself.
Chapter 3: 3.3 E-mails
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Q 1 | Page 105
There are different kinds of communication. Write some of them to complete the given boxes. Discuss the importance of each
one of them with your partner.
Q 2 | Page 105
Dos and Don'ts for Email Etiquettes. Discuss and add one or two Dos and Don'ts on your own.

Q (A1) | Page 109
Write an email to your friend who has not contacted you for a long time. Use the hints/language support from the text to compose your
email.
SOLUTION
The example given below shows you how to write an informal email to a friend who has not contacted you for a long time.
Q (A2) (i) | Page 109
Browse through the net and find out various types of emails and their formats.
SOLUTION
There are several types of emails that are used for different purposes. We have listed some types of emails below:
a. Transactional Emails:
Transactional emails are messages sent to users after their interaction with a website or an app. Some examples of transactional
emails are password resets, purchase receipts, shipping notification, and legal notifications.
b. Milestone Emails:
Milestone emails are messages sent to customers for an important event or an occasion. Some examples of milestone emails are
birthday wishes, new year greetings, festivals greetings, etc.
c. Plain-text emails:
Plain text emails are messages which include only simple text without any formatting options like bold, underline, or italics. There
are no images, graphics, or embedded links in it.
d. Mobile optimized emails:

Mobile optimized emails are mobile-friendly messages aimed at providing ease of reading to mobile users. Clean and simple text,
lighter images that are easier to load, and call to action buttons are some of the features of mobile-optimized emails. Some
examples of mobile-optimized emails are digital advertisements, brochures infomercials, etc.
Q (A2) (ii) | Page 109

Create your email account on any one of the email service providers (Gmail, Yahoo, Rediff) and send at least 3/4 emails to your
contacts.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Q (A3) | Page 109
Given below is a list of words used to develop a CV or a Resume. Prepare a CV/Resume of your own.
Personal Information
• Name • Address
• Date of birth
• Telephone / E-mail
• Nationality
• Marital status
Work Experience
• Experience/ Occupation / Position
• Employer / Employment History
• Internships
• Activities and responsibilities
Education
• Education and Training
• Primary school
• Secondary school
• Other qualification
Personal Skills and Competencies
• Competencies / Personal Competencies / Personal Skills/ Computer skills Mother tongue/ Other languages / Foreign languages
SOLUTION
Personal Information
Name – Ms. Tanish Shukla
Address – Nirmala College Campus, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400053
Telephone – 251256955
E-mail – tanishshukla56@gmail.com
Date of birth – 20 July 1995
Nationality – Indian
Marital status – Unmarried
Work Experience
Fresher
Education
Bachelor of Science (Information Technology); Mumbai University. Other Courses – Diploma in Information Technology.
Personal Skills and Competencies
1. Efficiency in Computer Skills.
2. Proficiency in English, Hindi, and German languages.
3. State-level Cricket player
4. Represented school and college in International Maths Olympiad.
Q (A4) (i) | Page 110

Browse on the net and gather a variety of templates to write a 'Curriculum Vitae'.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Q (A4) (ii) | Page 110

Multinational companies expect a different type of Professional CV. Browse through the net to gather information about it.
SOLUTION
Do it Yourself.
Chapter 3: 3.4 Interview
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Ice Breakers | Q 1 | Page 111

Ice Breakers | Q 2 | Page 111

Given below are the prerequisites for an interview. Fill up the boxes with suitable actions to be undertaken with reference to
the given points.
Brainstorming | Q (A1) (i) | Page 114

Complete the following statements with the help of the text.
To learn about meditation, you have to see ____________________________________________________________ Watch your
thinking. Do not ________________________ Do not ____________________________________ Begin to learn
______________________________ Just watch thought. Do not ____________________________________________________.
SOLUTION
To learn about meditation, you have to see how your mind is working. Watch your thinking. Do not correct it.
Do not suppress it.
Begin to learn, to observe. Just watch thought. Do not correct it, and you will learn the beginning of meditation.
Brainstorming | Q (A1) (ii) | Page 114

Identify the incorrect statements from the following and correct them.
1. One wants others to change.
2. One can get rid of being ordinary.
3. Understanding the nature of greed does not ensure freedom from greed.
4. Learning is a finite process.
SOLUTION
Learning is a finite process – Incorrect statement.
Learning is an infinite process – Correct statement.

Is an educated person the same as a degree holder?
Make a list of the behaviours in educated people that you find unacceptable:
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c. ___________________
d. ___________________
SOLUTION
a. Callousness
b. Single-minded thinking
c. Impatience
d. Inconsiderate approach.
Brainstorming | Q (A2) (ii) (a) | Page 115

Suggest what you would do in the following situation:
Your very close friend has been using a fake social media account to play pranks on others and is not ready to stop in spite of several
attempts by you.
SOLUTION
If my friend is using a fake social media account to play a prank on others, I would immediately talk to him/her and make him/ her
understand that this is wrong and can also be offensive. I will try to explain myself by giving real-life examples. However, if I do not
succeed with my convincing then I will inform his/her parents, family members, or mentors about this and stop my friend from committing
this mistake.
Brainstorming | Q (A2) (ii) (b) | Page 115
You are going through a crisis that is making you short-tempered and impatient, due to which you end up causing harm to your family
and friends. They have started complaining about it quite often.
SOLUTION
If I am getting impatient and short-tempered due to a crisis in my life, I will open up and discuss the problem with my family members and
close friends. I will also try to sort my thoughts and meditate or perform Yoga to seek the peace of mind. If everything fails and I still
cannot control my anger, I will consult a counselor to help me get out of this situation.
Brainstorming | Q (A2) (ii) (c) | Page 115
One particular friend of yours is always late for college, social functions, movies, etc. and delays everyone.
SOLUTION
If my friend is repetitively getting late and causing a delay for all the events and activities, I will offer help to pick him/her from home so
that we reach the place on time. However, if the problem persists in spite of that, then I will have a talk with my friend to figure out if there
is any other way to resolve it. I'd also make him/her realise how this habit would be detrimental in the long run.
Brainstorming | Q (A2) (ii) (d) | Page 115
You realise that you no longer want to pursue your studies in the stream you have selected.
SOLUTION
If I discover that I no longer want to study in the current stream, then I will first try to trace my real interest. Furthermore, I will try to
convince my parents and make them understand the reasons behind my disinterest. I will also consult a career expert to help me in inch
closer towards my aspired goal. I will then pursue the chosen stream with complete dedication and interest.
Consult the thesaurus and note down synonyms for 'ordinary'.
a. One synonym of the ordinary is banal.
Eg. He finds English poetry very banal.
b. Similarly, find the meaning and make use of the words trite, routine, cliched, and regular in your own sentences.
SOLUTION
• Trite – Meaning: lack of authenticity, originality, or freshness. Anything that is dull due to overuse.
Sentence – This poem sounds simple, possibly even trite, but it has a beautiful rhyme.
• Routine – Meaning: a sequence of events that is followed every day without a break.
Sentence – Everyone wishes to run away from the routine and have a long break, but only a few make it happen.
• Clichéd – Meaning: any idea or expression which has been used often and is considered as an old-fashioned thought.
Sentence – The plot of the film I watched last weekend was boring and clichéd.
• Regular – Meaning: consistent
Sentence – Tanvi is a regular customer of the Just Baked cake shop.
Brainstorming | Q (A3) (ii) | Page 115
Complete the table. One is done for you. The World around you What we should aim to be 1. Callous Caring for people, environment,
life 2. Violent 3. Greedy 4. Corrupt SOLUTION The World around you What we should aim to be 1. Callous Caring for people,
environment, life. 2. Violent Compassionate, nonviolent, benevolent towards others, and the environment. 3. Greedy Generous, open-
minded, bountiful. 4. Corrupt Ethical, clean in conduct, transparent in work. Brainstorming | Q (A3) (iii) (a) | Page 115 Note down ways in
which you can make your life less ordinary in terms of utilisation of time. SOLUTION utilisation of time Utilisation of time in a proper
manner can help a person set free from ordinary life. For this, one needs to be intensely passionate about the work he/she is doing. One
can also search for innovative ways to spend spare time productively. E.g. pursue a hobby during weekends, travel with a bunch of close
friends, spend time introspecting, and focusing on yourself. Such fruitful utilisation of time will definitely help us to get out of a mundane
and ordinary lifestyle. Brainstorming | Q (A3) (iii) (b) | Page 115 Note down ways in which you can make your life less ordinary in terms
of pursuing goals other than material goals. SOLUTION Pursuing goals other than material goals Pursuing goals does not only mean
material goals. Goals can be non-materialistic and need not necessarily result in earning money. However, our goals should yield
immense peace and pleasure. For some, seeking solace, knowledge enrichment, or indulging in benevolent gestures could be a prime
goal. Having such goals and pursuing them is an important step in pondering away from ordinary life and making a difference for
yourself. Brainstorming | Q (A3) (iii) (c) | Page 115 Note down ways in which you can make your life less ordinary in terms of nurturing
relationships. SOLUTION Nurturing relationships Nurturing relationships by going out of the way can bring a positive change in ordinary
lives. We can perform small acts of kindness to make our loved ones and even strangers happy. It works on the principle of receiving
happiness by sharing happiness. Being helpful, communicative, friendly, and humble in our relationships would surely bring about a
positive change in our routine life. Brainstorming | Q (A3) (iii) (d) | Page 115 Note down ways in which you can make your life less
ordinary in terms of being a better human being. SOLUTION being a better human being Being a better human being does not mean
being perfect. In fact, it means to be aware of our imperfections and consciously work towards improving them. By taking efforts to
evolve and improve we become a better person. It thus deviates us from monotony and offers chances to explore life without any
limitations. Brainstorming | Q (A4) (i) | Page 115 Place the given areas of questioning from the list in the appropriate columns. • future
plans • inspiration • overcoming hurdles/ struggle • coach/ mentor/ guide/ teacher • message for the youngsters • family support •
alternate career choice • first or maiden award/ achievement /success /setbacks • a turning point in life/ success formula/technique.
Section of the interview Aspects to be covered 1. Introduction Welcoming/Greeting, Introduction of the guest/Occasion. 2. Opening
questions 3. Main body 4. Concluding questions 5. Summing up Concluding the statement, Expressing gratitude. You can add your
points. SOLUTION Section of the interview Aspects to be covered 1. Introduction Welcoming/Greeting, Introduction of the
guest/Occasion. 2. Opening questions describe yourself, your inspiration, coach/guide/mentor 3. Main body maiden
award/achievements/ success/setbacks, overcoming hurdles/difficulties, family and peer support 4. Concluding questions future plans,
message for the youth 5. Summing up Concluding the statement, Expressing gratitude. Brainstorming | Q (A4) (ii) | Page 116 ‘Once you
begin to learn there is no end to learning’. Write your views on this statement. SOLUTION We often come across people who
misunderstand learning with academic degrees. A big chunk of our population fails to understand that knowledge transcends beyond
formal education. Learning is not merely seeking information; it is about assimilating knowledge from every single life experience. You
must have heard the saying, 'if you are not moving, you are dead'. Similarly, 'if you are not learning you are not moving'. If you do not
make an effort to be a better human being then you are actually not learning anything from life's endless experiences. You may also
have a question of how can one always keep learning? Well, observation, interpretation, contemplation, and self-evaluation are the keys
to constant learning. Also, we should share our knowledge, our perspectives, and notions with others and encourage others to add their
perspectives to our process of learning. Thus, the sentence 'once you start learning there is no end to learning' pumps in an encouraging
message to keep moving ahead in the pursuit of knowledge. Brainstorming | Q (A4) (iii) | Page 116 You are a class representative and
you are assigned by the principal of your college, to conduct an interview of a leading personality in a particular field. You have to
conduct the interview with the help of the points in the table provided above. Section of the interview Aspects to be covered 1.
Introduction welcoming/greeting, the introduction of guest/occasion 2. Opening questions describe yourself, your inspiration,
coach/guide/mentor 3. Main body maiden award/achievements/ success/setbacks, overcoming hurdles/difficulties, family, and peer
support. 4. Concluding questions future plans, message for the youth. 5. Summing up concluding statement, expressing gratitude
SOLUTION Hello, Good Morning everyone. I am Ms. Amisha Patel, a student of FYJC in the Nirmala College of Arts and Commerce,
Mumbai. I am glad to have an opportunity to conduct an interview with an amazing individual and a noble entrepreneur who has
transformed the entire start-up logic. I take immense pleasure in introducing you all to a businessman who challenges economic logic, by
saying, “I do not want to make huge profits.” Though this may sound unreal, he has made it a reality through his venture. Mr. Sanjay
Jadhav, CEO of Pipal Tree, is a living example of how business can be done with a unique approach and can be dedicated to social
goodness. Let us start this interesting conversation with Mr. Parulekar and learn more about him Amisha: Welcome Sir, we are pleased
to have you here and eager to know about you and your inspiring journey. Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: Hello everyone, I am glad to interact with
all of you. The audience looks wonderful and enthusiastic, I am sure this interaction will be interesting. Amisha: Sure Sir, at the onset, let
me ask you about the beginning of your journey, about the thought of establishing a firm like Pipal Tree. Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: It all started
in the year 2004 when I was working for Vistaar, a USA based company. I had been given a task to find out about the business model of
SKS Microfinance, which was pitching for equity funding from Vistaar. During this task, I forged into the rural areas of India to study how
microfinance institutions (MFIs) worked. And believe me, I was left disgruntled! Amisha: Sir, can you please tell us the reason behind
your discontentment? Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: It was because most of these MFIs which intended to create a livelihood for women were
merely working as financial intermediaries and were interested in maximizing their profits through capital interest. For instance, an MFI
(Micro Finance Institutes) is lending money to a borrower for the purchase of agricultural equipment. However, nobody at the MFI had no
clue about whether the money was utilized judiciously and for the real cause. I also observed that such small institutions were lending
money mostly to women; however, young boys and girls gained no benefit from this. Amisha: So did this shortcoming compel you to lay
the foundation of Pipal Tree? Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: Yes exactly, this is when I and a couple of my friends Mr. Shailendra Kadam and Mr.
Vikram Gokhale decided to come together and conjunctly start an organization that would help rural youth to get into the mainstream of
employment. We then carried out research to find an appropriate industry that has the potential to provide huge mass employment and
realized that the construction industry can be the one. Amisha: Great Sir, Can you tell us about the motto of your organization? Mr.
Sanjay Jadhav: Right from day one, the motto of our organization has been 'social good would take precedence over maximizing profits'.
Our team consciously decided to keep profits lean in spite of us being a forprofit company and ensured that we extended maximum help
in building the livelihoods of youngsters. We work through 13 centres spread across India and train youths for job opportunities. We also
offer trainees accommodation, food, and other welfare necessities. We are even planning a provision to provide insurances to these
working youth. Amisha: That is amazing. Can you please tell us about the number of youth impacted by your efforts? Mr. Sanjay Jadhav:
Yes, since our inception, we have trained more than 5000 young girls and boys. Our training has helped them secure employment and
earn a livelihood. Amisha: This is so inspiring. As we are concluding the interview, do you have any message for the young generation?
Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: My message to the youth is to seek excellence in anything they do. Walk a path less travelled, strive to make a
difference, and contribute to the social good in any way possible. Amisha: Thank you, Sir, for blessing us with your inspiring thoughts and
for narrating us your journey. It would definitely encourage many of us. Also, I thank my Principal, Mr. Anup Kulkarni for presenting me
with this opportunity and the audience for their invaluable presence at this event. Thanks a lot. Mr. Sanjay Jadhav: I thank the college
authorities and the students for being a wonderful audience and inviting me to this event. Brainstorming | Q (A5) (i) | Page 116 Form
groups and discuss the following statements, in the context of the extract. ‘If he is indeed wise, he does not bid you to enter the house of
his wisdom, but rather leads you to the threshold of your own mind’ Kahlil Gibran. SOLUTION ‘If he is indeed wise, he does not bid you
to enter the world of his wisdom, but rather leads you to the threshold of your own mind.’ In this famous quote by Khalil Gibran, he has
given the most essential quality of a teacher. A teacher who really wants his students to flourish and gain knowledge would never impose
his personal views on them and narrow their scope of imagination. A wise teacher in fact strives to broaden the horizon of his students‟
mind. He gives them wings by expanding their thought process and imparts them a wide perspective, zest, curiosity, and passion to
explore more and continue learning. Brainstorming | Q (A5) (ii) | Page 116 ‘Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to
live forever.’ Mahatma Gandhi Collect some more quotes on education by famous thinkers. SOLUTION ‘Live as if you were to die
tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.’ – Mahatma Gandhi Through this quote, Mahatma Gandhi states the importance of
learning and the need to look at it as an infinite process. By saying, 'live like you are going to die tomorrow', he gives the message of
living every moment of life to the fullest and utilizing your present for productive deeds without delaying it, as the future is unpredictable.
Further in the quote, he says 'learn as if you will live forever'. This part of the quote urges us to continue learning new things, thoughts,
and perspectives throughout our lives. Some more quotes on education by famous thinkers are: • Education is the ability to listen to
almost anything without losing your temper or self-confidence - Robert Frost. • The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into
windows - Sydney J. Harris. • Curiosity is the wick in the candle of learning - William Arthur Ward. • No thief, however skillful, can rob one
of knowledge, and that is why knowledge is the best and safest treasure to acquire - L. Frank Baum. Brainstorming | Q (A6) | Page 116
Read and prepare a small presentation in about 100 to 150 words on the ideas of any two philosophers given below. • Sant
Dnyaneshwar • Gautam Buddha • Aurobindo Ghosh • Kahlil Gibran • Socrates. SOLUTION Thoughts of Gautam Buddha Gautam
Buddha is known to all Indians as the founder of Buddhism who lived and taught in northern India in the 6th century B.C. Buddhism is a
philosophy of life explained by Gautama Buddha. 'Buddha' means the enlightened one. Gautam Buddha was not a god and the Buddhist
philosophy does not involve any theistic worldview. The views of Buddha are solely aimed at liberating conscious beings from suffering.
The core teaching of Buddhism are: • The three universal truths: Shila, samadhi, prajnya • The four noble truths: dukkha, samudaya,
nirodh, magga. • The noble eightfold path: right understanding, right thinking, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right
mindfulness, and right concentration. These thoughts have motivated several people to lead their lives meaningfully and peacefully.
Thoughts of Socrates Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived during 469 - 399 B.C. in Athens. He was a famous and celebrated
philosopher who led to the foundation of several streams of thought. More than a preacher, Socrates was a teacher who taught through
the method of questioning. This method was known as 'dialectics' and further received popularity as the 'Socratic Method'. During his
philosophical tenure, Socrates established a number of notions. Some of them are given below. • All virtue is knowledge. • No one errs
knowingly, no one errs willingly. • All desire is for the good. • It is better to suffer an injustice than to create one. • A ruling is expertise.
Other than establishing these notions, Socrates also inspired a lot of young minds. Some of his famous pupils are Glaucon, Terpison,
and Plato.
Log Table
Log table (logarithm table) is used in performing bigger calculations (of multiplication, division, squares, and roots)
without using a calculator. The logarithm of a number to a given base is the exponent by which that base should be raised
to give the original number. For example, if log₂16 = x then 2x = 16 and x = 4 satisfies this equation. So log₂ 16 = 4. But
what about log₂ 15? If we assume log₂ 15 = x then we get 2 x = 15 and we cannot find the value of x manually here. Log
table helps us in finding the value of log₂ 15.
In this article, we will learn how to use a logarithm table. Let us see how to find the logarithm of a number using a log table
and how to use logs in performing the calculations along with many more examples.
What is Log Table?
Log table for a given base is a table of logarithms that is used to find the logarithm of a specific number to that particular
base. There are different log tables for the bases like 10, e (Euler's number), 2, etc. The logarithm table gives the easiest
way to find the value of the log of a number precisely. The logarithmic function is considered as the inverse of the
exponential function. We will explore the log table for common logarithms in the next section.
Logarithm Table of Common Logarithms

We know that the logarithm with base 10 is known as a common logarithm and it can be written as log 10 (or) just log. Given
below is the common log table (i.e., for base 10). It means, it can give the value of log x (which is also written as log 10 x) for
any x.
The log table mainly has 3 types of columns:
 The first column is called the "main column" and it has numbers from 10 to 99 (all 2 digit numbers).
 The second set of columns is called the "differences column" and it shows the "differences" for the digits 0 to 9.
 The third set of columns is called the "mean differences column" and it shows the mean differences from 1 to 9.
Apart from this table, we have log tables for base e (which is called the natural logarithm table) and for base 2 (which is
called the binary logarithm table).
How to Use Log Table?

The logarithm of any number consists of two parts: characteristic and mantissa. These two parts are always separated by a
decimal point. For example, log 23.78 = 1.3762, and here, 1 is called the characteristic, and 3762 is called the mantissa.
i.e., in the logarithm of a number:
 The integer part (which lies on the left side of the decimal point) is called characteristic;
 The decimal (or) fractional part (which lies on the right side of the decimal point) is called the mantissa.
This scenario will be different if the characteristic is negative. Let us see how to calculate each of these.
Characteristic (Positive or Negative)
The characteristic of the logarithm of a number is the exponent of 10 in its scientific notation. So the characteristic can be
either positive or negative. Here are some examples to understand what is characteristic.
Thus, the characteristic of logarithm a number doesn't depend on the log table. Here are some helpful tips to calculate the
characteristic of the log of a number without actually converting it into scientific notation.
 If the number is greater than 1, then use the formula: characteristic = the number of digits on the left side of the
decimal point - 1.
 If the number is less than 1, then use the formula: characteristic = - (the number of zeros immediately followed by
the decimal point + 1)
Let us see the same examples (as in the previous table) and calculate their characteristics using these tips.
Mantissa (Only Positive)
The mantissa of the logarithm of a number is always positive and is found using the log table. Remember that the mantissa
is always prefixed by a decimal point. Here are the steps to find the mantissa of the logarithm of a number. Assume that we
are trying to find the mantissa of the logarithm of the number 0.001724.
 Step - 1: Find the first non-zero digit of the number.

In our case, the first non-zero digit is 1.
 Step - 2: Take the next 4 digits from the number obtained in Step - 1 irrespective of the decimal point.
Then we get 1724.
 Step - 3: In the number from Step - 2, the first two digits together give the row number and the third digit gives the
column number of the log table. Identify the value from the table that lies at the intersection of this row and column.
The first two digits are 17 and the third digit is 2. So we should see the intersection of the row labeled 17 and
column labeled 2.
Then the corresponding number is 2355.
 Step - 4: If there is no 4th digit in the number from Step - 2, then the above number itself is the mantissa. If there is
the 4th digit, then we have to look for the mean difference (from the log table) of the same row corresponding to the
4th digit.
The number from Step - 2 is 1724 and it has a 4thdigit to be 4. So look for the mean difference.
So the corresponding mean difference is 10.
 Step - 5: Add both numbers (from Step - 3 and Step - 4).

2355 + 10 = 2365.
 Step - 6: Just prefix the number by the decimal point that gives the mantissa.
The mantissa of log 0.001724 is 0.2365.
Here is the table with a mantissa of the same numbers (as in the previous table).
Note that we can find the mantissa only if the number from Step - 2 is comprised of either 4 digits or less than 4 digits. If a
number from Step - 2 has less than 4 digits (say we have 17), then write two zeros next to it (write it as 1700) and then find
the mantissa.
Finding Logarithm of a Number by Log Table
Here are the steps to find the logarithm of any number using the logarithm table.
 Step - 1: Find its characteristic (no need for a log table here).
 Step - 2: Find its mantissa (use log table).
 Step - 3: Add both characteristic and mantissa.
Here is a table of examples (see previous tables to see the calculations of characteristic and mantissa) to understand how
to find the logarithm of a number using the common logarithm table.
We can cross-check the results obtained in the last column using a calculator as well.
Using Log Table in Calculations
The logarithm of any number is used to do tedious calculations involving multiplication, division, and exponents. For doing
these operations, we use the following properties of logarithms.
 log (mn) = log m + log n
 log (m / n) = log m - log n
 log mn = n log m
Let us see how to use the log table in calculations using the following table.
Example: Find (17.56 × 37) / (4.75 × 24) using the logarithm table
Solution:
The steps to perform this calculation using log table are as follows:
 Step - 1: Find the logarithm of the given expression using the properties of logarithms.
 Step - 2: Find the antilogarithm of the result obtained from Step - 1 and that will be the final result.
Using the properties of logarithms,

log [(17.56 × 37) / (4.75 × 24)]
= log (17.56 × 37) - log (4.75 × 24)
= (log 17.56 + log 37) - (log 4.75 + log 24)
= log 17.56 + 7 log 3 - log 4.75 - 4 log 2
Now using the log table (computing characteristic, mantissa, and adding them),
= 1.2445 + 7 (0.4771) - 0.6767 - 4 (0.3010)
= 2.7035
Now, calculate the anti-logarithm of this number using the anti-log table.
Antilog (2.7035) (which is equal to 102.7035) = 505.24.
Therefore, [(17.56 × 37) / (4.75 × 24)] is approximately equal to 505.24.
The answer we got using the logarithm table will be very close to the answer from the calculator. Try to verify.
How to Use Log Table for Natural Logarithms?
In fact, we have a separate set of log tables for natural logarithms. But if we want to calculate the natural logarithm of a
number (say, ln x) using the common logarithm tables, then we can follow the procedure below:
 We know that ln x is nothing but log e x. By change of base rule, this can be written as (log x) / (log e) = (log x) /
(log 2.718) (because e = 2.718).
 Then find the log x and log 2.718 separately from the common logarithm table and divide the results.
Here is an example.
Example: What is the value of ln 5?
Solution: ln 5 = (log 5) / (log 2.718)
= (0.6990) / (0.4343)
≈ 1.6095.
Important Notes on Log Table:

 Log table can be used to find the logarithm of a number if the number of digits after its first non-zero digit is less
than or equal to 4. If the number of digits is more than 4, we simply ignore the digits from the 5th digit onwards.
 The log of a number has two parts: characteristic and mantissa and their sum is the logarithm.
 Characteristic can be positive or negative.
 Mantissa should be always positive.
 If we have to find the logarithm of a base (other than 10), then first use the change of base of rule logb a = (log a) /
(log b) and then use the same table of common logs.
Examples Using Logarithm Table

Example 1: Find the common log of each of these numbers using the log table. Also, verify the answers using a calculator.
(a) 342.2 (b) 0.3422
Solution:
Observe that both numbers are the same except for the placement of decimal points. So we can find the mantissa just
using the 4-digit number 3422. To find the mantissa of 3422, just see the row labeled 34 and column labeled 2, find the
number at their intersection in the log table, and add the number which is under mean difference 2 in the same row.
From the log table, 5340 + 3 = 5343
Mantissa of 3422 = 0.5343.
(a) The given number = 342.2 > 1.
So its characteristic = number of digits on the left side of decimal point - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2.
So log (342.2) = characteristic + mantissa = 2 + 0.5343 = 2.5343.
(b) The given number = 0.3422 < 1.
So its characteristic = - (number of zeros on the right side of decimal point + 1) = - (0 + 1) = -1.
So log (0.3422) = characteristic + mantissa = -1+ 0.5343 = -0.4657.
Verify both answers using the calculator using "log" button and we can see we get the same answer.
Answer: (a) 2.5343 (b) -0.4657.
Example 2: The logarithms of some numbers are computed using log table. Identify their characteristics and mantissa. (a)
log x = 3.5381 (b) log x = -2.6505.
Solution:
We know that the logarithm of a number is the sum of characteristic and mantissa. But remember that the mantissa is
always positive.
(a) log x = 3.5381
= 3 + 0.5381
= characteristic + mantissa
Thus, characteristic = 3 and mantissa = 0.5381.
(b) log x = -2.6505
= -2 - 0.6505
But mantissa can't be negative. So we add and subtract 1.
= (-2 - 1) + (1 - 0.6505)
= -3 + 0.3495
= characteristic + mantissa
Thus, characteristic = -3 and mantissa = 0.3495.
Answer: (a) characteristic = 3 and mantissa = 0.5381 (b) characteristic = -3 and mantissa = 0.3495.
Example 3: Calculate √282 using the logarithm table and check the answer using the calculator.
Solution:
Apply log to the given number, simplify, and then apply antilog.
log √282 = log (282)1/2 (By square root formula)
= (1/2) log 282
= (1/2) (2.4502) (using logarithm table)
= 1.2251
Now √282 = antilog (1.2251) = 16.79.
Answer: We found that the approximate value of √282 is 16.79.
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How to Use log Table
1. Find the Value of log(19.67)

Step 1: first identify the Characteristic Part and Mantissa part of the given algorithm. we want to find the base 10 log of
19.67 value.
Characteristic Part = 19
Mantissa part = 67
Step 2: 19 lies between 10 and 99 so its log will lie between 1.

or just use (total characteristic digit-1) = (2-1) = 1
Step 3: Now look at the logarithm table using row number 19 to refer to column number 6 whose value will be 2923.
Step 4: Now check the mean column no 7 whose value will be 16.
Now just add both columns no 6 and 7 value
2923 + 16 = 2939
the final answer value will be 1.2939
log(19.67) = 1.2939
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2. Find the value of log(1563)
Total Digit is given = 4
15 = Check the Value in the first column
6 column = 1931
3 column = 8
add both 1931+8=1939
final answer 3.1939
log(1563) = 3.1939
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3. Find the value of log(15.63)
6 column = 1931
3 column = 8
add both 1931+8=1939
final answer 1.1939
log(15.63) = 1.1939
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4. Find the value of log(1.563)
6 column = 1931
3 column = 8
add both 1931+8=1939
final answer 0.1939
log(1.563) = 0.1939
Property of Log
1. logx(ab) = logxa+ logxb [Product Rule]
2. logx(a/b) = logxa – logxb [Quotients Rule]
3. loga x = logb x * loga b
4. logb x = loga x * loga b
5. logb xn = n logb x [Power Rule]
6. log(a+b)=loga+b/(2.42×a)
Question: Find the value of log(737) using Property of Log?

log(mn)=logm+logn
=log(737)=log(7.37×10 2 )
=log(7.37)+log(10 2 ) by using
=log(7.37)+2[log10 n =n]
=log(7+0.37)+2
Now applying the formula log(a+b)=loga+b/(2.42×a);
=log(7)+0.37/(2.42×7)+2
it comes out to be 2.867 which is the log value for 737.
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Log Formulas
Before learning log formulas, let us recall what are logs (logarithms). A logarithm is just another way of writing exponents.
When we cannot solve a problem using the exponents, then we use logarithms. There are different logarithm formulas that
are derived by using the laws of exponents. Let us learn them using a few solved examples.
What are Log Formulas?
Before going to learn the log formulas, let us recall a few things. There are two types of logarithms, common logarithm
(which is written as "log" and its base is 10 if not mentioned) and natural logarithm (which is written as "ln" and its base is
always "e"). The below logarithm formulas are shown for common logarithms. However, they are all applicable for natural
logarithms as well. Here are the most commonly used log formulas.
 logb 1 = 0
 logb b = 1
 logb (xy) = logb x + logb y
 logb (x / y) = logb x - logb y
 logb ax = x logb a
 logb a = (logc a) / (logc b)
Some of these rules have specific names like logb (xy) = logb x + logb y is called the product formula of logs. In the same
way, all the properties along with their names are mentioned in the table below.
Logarithmic Formulas Derivation

Here is the derivation of some important log formulas. We use the laws of exponents in the derivation of log formulas.
Product Formula of logarithms
The product formula of logs is, logb (xy) = logb x + logb y.
Derivation:
Let us assume that logb x = m and logb y = n. Then by the definition of logarithm,
x = bm and y = bn.
Then xy = bm × bn = bm + n (by a law of exponents, am × an = am + n)
Converting xy = bm + n into logarithmic form, we get
m + n = logb xy
Substituting the values logb x = m and logb y = n here,
logb (xy) = logb x + logb y
Quotient Formula of logarithms
The quotient formula of logs is, logb (x/y) = logb x - logb y.
Derivation:
Let us assume that logb x = m and logb y = n. Then by the definition of logarithm,
x = bm and y = bn.
Then x/y = bm / bn = bm - n (by a law of exponents, am / an = am - n)
Converting x/y = bm - n into logarithmic form, we get
m - n = logb (x/y)
Substituting the values logb x = m and logb y = n here,
logb (x/y) = logb x - logb y
Power Formula of Logarithms
The power formula of logarithms says logb ax = x logb a.
Derivation:
Let logb a = m. Then by the definition of logarithm, a = bm.
Raising both sides by x, we get
ax = (bm)x
ax = bmx (by a law of exponents, (am)n = amn)
Converting this back into logarithmic form,
logb ax = m x
Substitute m = logb a here,
logb ax = x logb a
Change of Base Formula of Logarithms
The change of base formula of logs says logb a = (logc a) / (logc b).
Derivation:
Assume that logb a = x, logc a = y, and logc b = z.
Converting these into exponential forms,
a = bx ... (1)
a = cy ... (2)
b = cz ... (3)
From (1) and (2),
bx = cy
(cz)x = cy (from (3))
czx = cy
Since the bases are the same, the powers also should be the same.
zx = y (or) x = y / z.
Substituting the values of x, y, and z here back,
logb a = (logc a) / (logc b).
Examples Using Logarithm Formulas
Example 1: Convert the following from exponential form to logarithmic form using the log formulas. a) 53 = 125 b) 3-3 = 1 / 27.
Solution:
Using the definition of the logarithm,
bx = a ⇒ logb a = x
Using this,
a) 53 = 125 ⇒ log5 125 = 3
b) 3-3 = 1 / 27 ⇒ log3 1/27 = -3
Answer: a) log5 125 = 3; b) log3 1/27 = -3.
Example 2: Compress the following expression as a single logarithm by using logarithmic formulas. 5 log x + log y - 8 log z.
Solution:
To find: The compressed form of the given expression as a single logarithm using logarithm formulas.
5 log x + log y - 8 log z
= (5 log x - 8 log z) + log y (Regrouped the terms)
= (log x5 - log z8) + log y (∵ a log x = log xa)
= log (x5/z8) + log y (∵ log x - log y = log (x/y) )
= log (x5y/z8) (∵ log x + log y = log (xy) )
Answer: 5 log x + log y - 8 log z = log (x5y/z8).
Example 3: Find the integer value of log3 (1/9) using log formulas.
Solution:
log3 (1/9) = log3 1 - log3 9 (∵ logb (x / y) = logb x - logb y)
= 0 - log3 32 (∵ logb 1 = 0)
= - 2 log3 3 (∵ logb ax = x logb a)
= -2 (1) (∵ logb b = 1)
= -2
Answer: log3 (1/9) = -2.

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Chapter 1: 1.

BRAINSTORMING [PAGES 12 - 14]

Q (A1) (i) | Page 12

Q (A1) (ii) (a) | Page 12

Q (A1) (ii) (b) | Page 12

Q (A1) (ii) (c) | Page 12

Q (A1) (ii) (d) | Page 12

Q (A1) (iii) | Page 12

Q (A3) (i) | Page 13

Q (A3) (ii) | Page 13

Q (A4) (i) | Page 13

Q (A4) (ii) (a) | Page 13

Q (A4) (ii) (c) | Page 13

Q (A5) (a) | Page 13

Q (A5) (b) | Page 13

Q (A5) (c) | Page 13

Q (A5) (d) | Page 14

Q (A6) (i) | Page 14

Q (A6) (ii) | Page 14

Q (A6) (iii) | Page 14

Q (A6) (iv) | Page 14

i. Human Resource Development

Chapter 1: 1.2 On To The Summit : We Reach The Top

Q (A2) (iii) (i) | Page 21

Q (A2) (iii) (iii) | Page 21

Q (A2) (iii) (iv) | Page 21

Q (A2) (iii) (v) | Page 21

Q (A3) (i) | Page 21

Q (A3) (ii) | Page 22

Q (A3) (iii) (a) | Page 22

Q (A3) (iii) (b) | Page 22

Q (A3) (iii) (c) | Page 22

Q (A3) (iii) (d) | Page 22

Q (A3) (iii) (e) | Page 22

Q (A4) (a) | Page 22

Q (A4) (b) | Page 22

Q (A4) (c) | Page 22

Q (A4) (e) | Page 22

Q (A4) (f) | Page 22

Q (A4) (g) | Page 22

Q (A5) (i) | Page 22

Q (A5) (ii) | Page 23

Q (A6) (i) | Page 23

Q (A6) (ii) | Page 23

Q (A6) (iii) | Page 23

COMPARISONS [PAGE 24]

BRAINSTORMING [PAGES 31 - 34]

Q (A1) (i) (a) | Page 31

Q (A1) (i) (b) | Page 31

Q (A1) (i) (c) | Page 31

Q (A1) (i) (d) | Page 31

Q (A1) (i) (e) | Page 31

Q (A1) (ii) | Page 31

Q (A1) (iii) (b) | Page 32

Q (A1) (iii) (c) | Page 32

Q (A1) (iii) (d) | Page 32

Q (A1) (iii) (e) | Page 32

Q (A2) (i) | Page 32

Q (A2) (ii) | Page 32

Q (A3) (i) | Page 32

Q (A3) (ii) | Page 32

Q (A5) (i) | Page 33

Q (A5) (ii) | Page 33

Q (A5) (iii) | Page 33