Grade 5 – NST : WATERPROOF MATERIALS

What does it mean for something to be waterproof?

Waterproof:

Waterproof refers to the ability of a material or object to resist the penetration of

water under certain conditions. Waterproof materials are designed to prevent water
from passing through them, keeping the interior dry and protected.

Can you name some materials that are waterproof?

Properties of Waterproof Materials:

Waterproof materials may be naturally occurring (e.g., rubber, certain types of wood)
or synthetically engineered (e.g., Gore-Tex fabric, PVC). They often have specialized
structures or coatings that repel water, such as tight weaves, laminated layers, or
hydrophobic treatments. Waterproof materials are commonly used in outdoor gear
(e.g., raincoats, tents), electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, watches), and
construction (e.g., roofing, sealants).

Waterproof materials keep water out by either repelling it or preventing it from

passing through. They typically achieve this through a combination of tight weaves,
special coatings, or laminates that create barriers against water molecules. These
barriers prevent water from seeping into the material, keeping whatever is underneath
dry.

Waterproofing is important for certain items because it helps protect them from
damage caused by water exposure. For instance, electronic devices like smartphones
and cameras need waterproofing to prevent water from causing short circuits and
damaging internal components. Similarly, outdoor gear like jackets and tents require
waterproofing to keep the wearer or contents dry during rain or wet conditions.
Waterproofing also extends the lifespan of items by shielding them from water-
related wear and tear.

We use waterproof materials daily:

 Rainy Weather: Waterproof jackets, umbrellas, and shoes keep you dry
during wet weather.
 Kitchen and Bathroom: Waterproof flooring, tiles, and shower curtains
prevent water damage and mold growth.
 Electronic Devices: Waterproof phone cases and watches protect your
devices from accidental spills or exposure to moisture.
 Construction and Work Environments: Waterproof work boots, gloves, and
jackets are crucial for those working in wet or rainy conditions.

Clothing:

Rain Jackets: To keep you dry during rainy weather.

Rain Pants: Providing protection for your legs during downpours or wet conditions.
Waterproof Boots: Keeping your feet dry and warm in wet or snowy conditions.
Waterproof Gloves: Protecting your hands from rain, snow, or cold water.
Waterproof Hats: Shielding your head and hair from rain or snow.
Waterproof Overalls: Ideal for working in wet environments or during outdoor
activities like fishing or farming.
Waterproof Socks: Keeping your feet dry and comfortable, especially during outdoor
sports like hiking or skiing.

Engineers and scientists use various methods to test if something is waterproof.

Some common techniques include:

Water Immersion Test: Submerging the material or item in water for a specified
period to see if any water penetrates it. This test is often used for small electronic
devices, fabrics, and seals. Water Pressure Test: Applying water pressure to the
material or item to simulate conditions such as heavy rain or underwater use. This test
is commonly used for waterproof containers, diving equipment, and seals.

Spray Test: Spraying water onto the surface of the material or item to
simulate rain or splashing. Engineers observe if water beads off the surface
or if it penetrates the material.

Abrasion Test: Subjecting the material to rubbing or friction while it's wet
to see if it retains its waterproof properties. This test is important for
outdoor gear like jackets and tents, which may encounter abrasive surfaces
during use.

Chemical Resistance Test: Exposing the material

to various chemicals to ensure that it remains
waterproof even when in contact with substances
like oils, solvents, or cleaning agents.

By conducting these tests, engineers and scientists can

evaluate the effectiveness of waterproofing materials
and determine if they meet specific standards or
requirements.

Activity:

1. How do waterproof materials work to keep water out?

2. Why is it important for certain items to be waterproof?
3. Can you think of any everyday situations where waterproof materials are useful?
4. What are some examples of clothing that might need to be waterproof?
5. Explain 2 ways in which scientists or engineers test if something is truly waterproof?
6. If you had to test whether a product is waterproof what method would you use?
Why?
7. Draw and colour 3 items of waterproof clothing.