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18–1.
At a given instant the body of mass m has an angular IC

velocity V and its mass center has a velocity vG. Show that rG/IC
its kinetic energy can be represented as T = 12IICv2, where
IIC is the moment of inertia of the body determined about
the instantaneous axis of zero velocity, located a distance
rG>IC from the mass center as shown. G
vG V
SOLUTION
1 1
T = my2G + IG v2 where yG = vrG>IC
2 2
1 1
= m(vrG>IC)2 + IG v2
2 2
1
= A mr2G>IC + IG B v2 However mr2G>IC + IG = IIC
2
1
= I v2 Q.E.D.
2 IC
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
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18–2.
The wheel is made from a 5-kg thin ring and two 2-kg
slender rods. If the torsional spring attached to the wheel’s
center has a stiffness k = 2 N # m>rad, and the wheel is 0.5 m
rotated until the torque M = 25 N # m is developed, O
determine the maximum angular velocity of the wheel if it
is released from rest.
M
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: The mass moment of inertia of the wheel about point O is
1
IO = mRr 2 + 2 ¢ m l2 ≤
12 r
= 5(0.52) + 2 c (2)(12) d
1
12
= 1.5833 kg # m2
Thus, the kinetic energy of the wheel is
no orl sem eac ws

1 1
er id ati ng
ed e r
I v2 = (1.5833) v2 = 0.79167 v2
itt W o
T =
t a
t p d W in hi
2 O
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
2
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
Since the wheel is released from rest, T1 = 0. The torque developed is M = ku = 2u.
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
Here, the angle of rotation needed to develop a torque of M = 25 N # m is
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
2u = 25 u = 12.5 rad
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
The wheel achieves its maximum angular velocity when the spacing is unwound that
e his s fo by
M
is when the wheel has rotated u = 12.5 rad. Thus, the work done by q is
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
12.5 rad
de ny es a ided pro
UM = Mdu = 2u du
L L0
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
12.5 rad
in
= u †
ro rt
th an Th
2
= 156.25 J
0
ill
Principle of Work and Energy:
T1 + © u 1 - 2 = T2
0 + 156.25 = 0.79167 v2
v = 14.0 rad/s Ans.
18–3.
The wheel is made from a 5-kg thin ring and two 2-kg slender
rods. If the torsional spring attached to the wheel’s center has
a stiffness k = 2 N # m>rad, so that the torque on the center
of the wheel is M = 12u2 N # m, where u is in radians,
0.5 m
O
determine the maximum angular velocity of the wheel if it is
rotated two revolutions and then released from rest.
M
SOLUTION
1
Io = 2 c (2)(1)2 d + 5(0.5)2 = 1.583
12
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
4p
1
0 + 2u du = (1.583) v2
L0 2
(4p)2 = 0.7917v2
v = 14.1 rad/s Ans.
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
*18–4.
The 50-kg flywheel has a radius of gyration of k0 = 200 mm M ⫽ (9 u1/2) N⭈m

about its center of mass. If it is subjected to a torque of
M = (9u1>2) N # m, where u is in radians, determine its
angular velocity when it has rotated 5 revolutions, starting
from rest. O
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: The mass moment inertia of the flywheel about its mass
center is IO = mkO2= 50(0.22) = 2 kg # m2. Thus, the kinetic energy of the flywheel is
1 1
T = I v2 = (2)v2 = v2
2 O 2
Since the wheel is initially at rest, T1 = 0 . Referring to Fig. a, W, Ox, and Oy do

no work while M does positive work. When the wheel rotates
2p rad
u = (5 rev) ¢ ≤ = 10p, the work done by M is
1 rev
10p
9u1>2du
no orl sem eac ws

UM = Mdu =
er id ati ng
ed e r
L L0
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
= 6u3>2 `
10p
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
0
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
= 1056.52 J
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te

is
te wo ing the Uni
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
0 + 1056.52 = v2
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
v = 32.5 rad>s Ans.

w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–5.
The spool has a mass of 60 kg and a radius of gyration

kG = 0.3 m. If it is released from rest, determine how far its
center descends down the smooth plane before it attains an
angular velocity of v = 6 rad>s. Neglect friction and the
mass of the cord which is wound around the central core.
0.5 m
0.3 m
SOLUTION G
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
C 60(0.3)2 D (6)2 + (60) C 0.3(6) D 2

1 1 A
0 + 60(9.81) sin 30°(s) =
2 2 30⬚
s = 0.661 m Ans.
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–6.
Solve Prob. 18–5 if the coefficient of kinetic friction

between the spool and plane at A is mk = 0.2.
0.5 m
0.3 m
SOLUTION G
sG sA
=
0.3 (0.5 - 0.3)
A
sA = 0.6667sG 30
+a©Fy = 0; NA - 60(9.81) cos 30° = 0
NA = 509.7 N
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + 60(9.81) sin 30°(sG) - 0.2(509.7)(0.6667sG) = C 60(0.3)2 D (6)2
2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
1
+ (60) C (0.3)(6) D 2
an th . rs gh
2
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
sG = 0.859 m Ans.
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–7.
The double pulley consists of two parts that are attached to v 20 rad/s
one another. It has a weight of 50 lb and a radius of gyration
about its center of kO = 0.6 ft. If it rotates with an angular
velocity of 20 rad>s clockwise, determine the kinetic energy
0.5ft 1 ft
of the system. Assume that neither cable slips on the pulley.
O
SOLUTION
1 1 1
T = I v2 + mA v2A + mB v2B
2 O O 2 2
1 50 1 20 1 30 B 30 lb
T = a (0.6)2 b (20)2 + a b C (20)(1) D 2 + a b C (20)(0.5) D 2 A 20 lb
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
= 283 ft # lb Ans.
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
*18–8.
The double pulley consists of two parts that are attached to v ⫽ 20 rad/s
one another. It has a weight of 50 lb and a centroidal radius
of gyration of kO = 0.6 ft and is turning with an angular
velocity of 20 rad> s clockwise. Determine the angular
0.5 ft 1 ft
velocity of the pulley at the instant the 20-lb weight moves
O
2 ft downward.
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Since the pulley rotates about a fixed axis,
vA = vrA = v(1) and vB = vrB = v(0.5). The mass moment of inertia of the
50 B 30 lb
pulley about point O is IO = mkO 2 = ¢ ≤ (0.62) = 0.5590 slug # ft2. Thus, the A 20 lb
32.2
kinetic energy of the system is
1 1 1
T = I v2 + mAvA2 + mBvB2
2 O 2 2
1 1 20 1 30
= (0.5590)v2 + ¢ ≤ [v(1)]2 + ¢ ≤ [v(0.5)]2
2 2 32.2 2 32.2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
= 0.7065v2
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
Thus, T1 = 0.7065(202) = 282.61 ft # lb. Referring to the FBD of the system shown
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
in Fig. a, we notice that Ox, Oy, and Wp do no work while WA does positive work and
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
WB does negative work. When A moves 2 ft downward, the pulley rotates

ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
SA SB
te wo ing the Uni
u = =
rA rB
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
2 SB
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
=
1 0.5
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
SB = 2(0.5) = 1 ft c
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
Thus, the work of WA and WB are

ro rt
th an Th
UWA = WA SA = 20(2) = 40 ft # lb
UWB = - WB SB = - 30(1) = - 30 ft # lb
ill
T1 + U1 - 2 = T2
282.61 + [40 + ( - 30)] = 0.7065 v2
v = 20.4 rad>s Ans.
18–9.
If the cable is subjected to force of P = 300 N, and the spool 400 mm

starts from rest, determine its angular velocity after its center
of mass O has moved 1.5 m. The mass of the spool is 100 kg
and its radius of gyration about its center of mass is P ⫽ 300 N
kO = 275 mm. Assume that the spool rolls without slipping. O
200 mm
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Referring to Fig. a, we have
vO = vrO>IC = v(0.4)
The mass moment of inertia of the spool about its mass center is
IO = mkO2 = 100(0.2752) = 7.5625 kg # m2. Thus, the kinetic energy of the spool is
1 1
T = mvO2+ IOv2
2 2
1 1
= (100)[v(0.4)]2 + (7.5625)v2
2 2
= 11.78125v2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
Since the spool is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, W, N, and Ff do no
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
work P does positive work. When the center O of the spool moves to the right by
k n ng to yri
rP>IC 0.6 or o ni c p
w g r tru o
s = ¢ ≤ (1.5) = 2.25 m. Thus, the work done
e in lea s s c
rO> IC O
SO = 1.5 m, P displaces sP =
0.4
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
by P is
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
UP = Psp = 300(2.25) = 675 J

e his s fo by
y of as lel ted

s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
w of a urs rov k is
0 + 675 = 11.78125v2
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
v = 7.57 rad>s Ans.

ill
18–10.
The two tugboats each exert a constant force F on the ship.

These forces are always directed perpendicular to the
ship’s centerline. If the ship has a mass m and a radius of
gyration about its center of mass G of kG, determine the F
angular velocity of the ship after it turns 90°. The ship is
originally at rest.
d
G
SOLUTION
Principle of Work and Energy: The two tugboats create a couple moment of –F
p
M = Fd to rotate the ship through an angular displacement of u = rad. The mass
2
moment of inertia about its mass center is IG = mk2G. Applying Eq. 18–14, we have
T1 + a U 1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + Mu = I v2
2 G
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
p
itt W o
1
b = A mk2G B v2
t a
t p d W in hi
0 + Fda
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
2 2
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
pFd or o ni c p
w g r tru o
1
e in lea s s c
v = Ans.
kG A m
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–11.
At the instant shown, link AB has an angular velocity

vAB = 2 rad>s. If each link is considered as a uniform
slender bar with a weight of 0.5 lb>in., determine the total vAB 2 rad/s A
kinetic energy of the system.
3 in.
4 in.
SOLUTION C B
6 5 in.
vBC = = 1.5 rad>s
4
vC = 1.5(422) = 8.4853 in.>s

45
rIC - G = 2(2)2 + (4)2 = 4.472 D
vG = 1.5(4.472) = 6.7082 in.>s
8.4853
vDC = = 1.697 rad>s
5
1 1 3(0.5) 3 2 1 4(0.5) 6.7082 2 1 1 4(0.5) 4 2

T = c a b a b d (2)2 + c da b + c a b a b d(1.5)2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
2 3 32.2 12 2 32.2 12 2 12 32.2 12
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
b a b d (1.697)2 = 0.0188 ft # lb
1 1 5(0.5) 5 2
k n ng to yri
+ c a or o ni c p
w g r tru o Ans.
2 3 32.2 12
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
*18–12.
Determine the velocity of the 50-kg cylinder after it has

descended a distance of 2 m. Initially, the system is at rest.
The reel has a mass of 25 kg and a radius of gyration about its A 75 mm
center of mass A of kA = 125 mm.
SOLUTION
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
2
1 v
0 + 50(9.81)(2) = [(25)(0.125)2] ¢ ≤
2 0.075
1
+ (50) v2
2
v = 4.05 m>s Ans.
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–13.
The wheel and the attached reel have a combined weight of 7.5 in.
50 lb and a radius of gyration about their center of
kA = 6 in. If pulley B attached to the motor is subjected to A 4.5 in.
a torque of M = 40(2 - e -0.1u) lb # ft, where u is in radians,
3 in.
M B
determine the velocity of the 200-lb crate after it has moved
upwards a distance of 5 ft, starting from rest. Neglect the
mass of pulley B.
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Since the wheel rotates about a fixed axis
,
vC = vrC = v(0.375). The mass moment of inertia of A about its mass center is
b A 0.52 B = 0.3882 slug # ft2. Thus, the kinetic energy of the
50
IA = mkA 2 = a
32.2
system is
T = TA + TC
1 1
= IA v2 + mC vC 2
2 2
1 1 200
no orl sem eac ws

b C v(0.375) D 2
er id ati ng
= (0.3882)v2 + a
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
2 2 32.2
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
= 0.6308v2 or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
Since the system is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, Ax, Ay, and WA do no
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
work, M does positive work, and WC does negative work. When crate C moves 5 ft
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
sC
is
5
te wo ing the Uni
upward, wheel A rotates through an angle of uA = = = 13.333 rad. Then,

r 0.375
e his s fo by
rA 0.625
y of as lel ted
pulley B rotates through an angle of uB = u = a b(13.333) = 33.33 rad

s r
rB A
o c
0.25
st pa nd s te
th t se y
.
de ny es a ided pro
Thus, the work done by M and WC is

w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
33.33 rad
sa eir d i is w
40 A 2 - e - 0.1u B du
in
UM = MduB =
ro rt
th an Th
L L0
33.33 rad
= c 40 A 2u + 10e - 0.1u B d 2
0
= 2280.93 ft # lb
ill
UWC = -WC sC = - 200(5) = - 1000 ft # lb
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
0 + [2280.93 - 1000] = 0.6308v2
v = 45.06 rad>s
Thus,
vC = 45.06(0.375) = 16.9 ft>s c Ans.
18–14.
The wheel and the attached reel have a combined weight of 7.5 in.
50 lb and a radius of gyration about their center of
kA = 6 in. If pulley B that is attached to the motor is A 4.5 in.
subjected to a torque of M = 50 lb # ft, determine the
3 in.
M B
velocity of the 200-lb crate after the pulley has turned
5 revolutions. Neglect the mass of the pulley.
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Since the wheel at A rotates about a fixed axis,
vC = vrC = v(0.375). The mass moment of inertia of wheel A about its mass center
b A 0.52 B = 0.3882 slug # ft2. Thus, the kinetic energy of the
50
is IA = mkA 2 = a
32.2
system is
T = TA + TC
1 1
= IA v2 + mC vC 2
2 2
1 1 200
no orl sem eac ws

b C v(0.375) D 2
er id ati ng
= (0.3882)v2 + a
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
2 2 32.2
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
= 0.6308v2 or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
Since the system is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, Ax, Ay, and WA do no
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
work, M does positive work, and WC does negative work. When pulley B rotates
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
2p rad
te wo ing the Uni
uB = (5 rev)a b = 10p rad, the wheel rotates through an angle of

1 rev
e his s fo by
rB
y of as lel ted
0.25
s r
uA = uB = a b (10p) = 4p. Thus, the crate displaces upwards through a

o c
rA
st pa nd s te
th t se y
0.625
de ny es a ided pro
distance of sC = rC uA = 0.375(4p) = 1.5p ft. Thus, the work done by M and WC is

w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
UM = MuB = 50(10p) = 500p ft # lb

sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
UWC = -WC sC = - 200(1.5p) = -300p ft # lb

ill
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
0 + [500p - 300p] = 0.6308v2
v = 31.56 rad>s
Thus,
vC = 31.56(0.375) = 11.8 ft>s c Ans.
18–15.
The 50-kg gear has a radius of gyration of 125 mm about its

center of mass O. If gear rack B is stationary, while the 25-kg C
P ⫽ 150 N
gear rack C is subjected to a horizontal force of P = 150 N,
determine the speed of C after the gear’s center O has 150 mm
moved to the right a distance of 0.3 m, starting from rest. O
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Referring to Fig. a,
vC vC
v = = = 3.333vC
rC>IC 0.3
Then,
vO = vrO>IC = (3.333vC)(0.15) = 0.5vC
The mass moment of inertia of the gear about its mass center is IO = mkO2 =
50(0.1252) = 0.78125 kg # m2. Thus, the kinetic energy of the system is
T = TA + TC
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
= c mAvO 2 + IOv 2 d + mC vC2
ed e r
1 1 1
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
2 2 2
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
= c (50)(0.5vC)2 + (0.78125)(3.333vC)2 d + (25) vC2
1 1 1
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
2 2 2
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
= 23.090vC 2
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
Since the system is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, WC, WA, F, and N do
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
no work, while P does positive work. When the center O of the gear travels to the
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
right through a distance of sO = 0.3 m, P displaces horizontally through a distance

w of a urs rov k is
rC>IC
sO = a b (0.3) = 0.6 m. Thus, the work done by P is
le co s p or
0.3
of sC =
sa eir d i is w
in
rO>IC 0.15
ro rt
th an Th
UP = PsD = 150(0.6) = 90 J

ill
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
0 + 90 = 23.090vC 2
vC = 1.97 m>s
*18–16.
Gear B is rigidly attached to drum A and is supported by 300 mm

two small rollers at E and D. Gear B is in mesh with gear C
and is subjected to a torque of M = 50 N # m. Determine A
the angular velocity of the drum after C has rotated
10 revolutions, starting from rest. Gear B and the drum B
have 100 kg and a radius of gyration about their rotating 200 mm
axis of 250 mm. Gear C has a mass of 30 kg and a radius of
gyration about its rotating axis of 125 mm. E D
C
150 mm
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Since gear B is in mesh with gear C and both gears rotate
M ⫽ 50 N⭈m
about fixed axes, vC = a b vA = a b v = 1.333vA. The mass moment of the
rB 0.2
rC 0.15 A
drum and gear C about their rotating axes are IA = mAk2 = 100(0.252) =
6.25 kg # m2 and IC = mCk2 = 30(0.1252) = 0.46875 kg # m2. Thus, the kinetic energy
of the system is
T = TA + TC
1 1
= I v 2 + ICvC 2
2 A A 2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
1 1
t a
t p d W in hi
(6.25)vA2 + (0.46875)(1.333vA)2
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
=
an th . rs gh
2 2
k n ng to yri
= 3.5417vA2 or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
Since the system is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. a, M does positive work.
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
When the gear C rotates u = (10 rev) a b = 20p, the work done by M is
2p rad
te wo ing the Uni
1 rev
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
UM = 50(20p) = 1000p J
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro

w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
0 + 1000p = 3.5417vA2
vA = 29.8 rad>s Ans.

ill
18–17.
The center O of the thin ring of mass m is given an angular v0

velocity of v0. If the ring rolls without slipping, determine s
its angular velocity after it has traveled a distance of s down r
the plane. Neglect its thickness. O
SOLUTION
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2 u
1 1
(mr2 + mr2)v0 2 + mg(s sin u) = (mr2 + mr2)v2
2 2
g
v = v0 2 + 2 s sin u Ans.
A r
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
w of a urs rov k is
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
ill
18–18.
If the end of the cord is subjected to a force of P = 75 lb,

determine the speed of the 100-lb block C after P has
moved a distance of 4 ft, starting from rest. Pulleys A and B 4 in.
are identical, each of which has a weight of 10 lb and a B
radius of gyration of k = 3 in. about its center of mass.
A
4 in.
SOLUTION P = 75 lb
C
Kinetic Energy and Work: Referring to Fig. a, we have
vD = vArD>IC = vA(0.6667)
(vG)A = vC = vArC>IC = vA(0.3333)
Since pulley B rotates about a fixed axis, its angular velocity is
vD vA(0.6667)
vB = = = 2vA
rB 0.3333
The mass moment of inertia of pulleys A and B about their resperctive mass centers
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
3 2
ed e r
10
itt W o
are (IA)G = (IB)G = mk2 = ¢ ≤ ¢ ≤ = 0.01941 slug # ft2. Thus, the kinetic
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
32.2 12
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
enegry of the system is
or o ni c p
w g r tru o
e in lea s s c
th lud nt f in te
T = TA + TB + TC
of inc de e o Sta
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
1 1 1 1
is
te wo ing the Uni
= B mA(vG)A2 + (IG)AvAR2 + (IG)BvB2+ mCvC2

2 2 2 2
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
1 10 1 1
o c
= B ¢ ≤ [vA(0.3333)]2 + (0.01941)vA2R + (0.01941)(2vA)2

st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
2 32.2 2 2
w of a urs rov k is
1 100
le co s p or
¢ ≤ [vA(0.3333)]2
sa eir d i is w
+
in
2 32.2
ro rt
th an Th
= 0.2383vA2
ill
Since the system is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, R 1, R 2, and WB do no

work, P does positive work, and WA and WC do negative work. When P moves
sD = 4 ft downward, the center of the pulley moves upward through a distance of
rC>IC 0.3333
sC = s = (4) = 2 ft. Thus, the work done by WA, WC, and P is
rD>IC D 0.6667
UWA = - WAsC = - 10(2) = - 20 ft # lb
UWC = - WCsC = - 100(2) = - 200 ft # lb
UP = PsD = 75(4) = 300 ft # lb
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
0 + [- 20 + (- 200) + 300] = 0.2383vA2
vA = 18.32 rad>s
Thus,
vC = 18.32(0.3333) = 6.11 ft>s c Ans.

18–19.
When u = 0°, the assembly is held at rest, and the torsional C

spring is untwisted. If the assembly is released and falls
downward, determine its angular velocity at the instant 450 mm
u = 90°. Rod AB has a mass of 6 kg, and disk C has a mass 75 mm
of 9 kg. B
k ⫽ 20 N⭈m/rad
u
SOLUTION A
Kinetic Energy and Work: Since the rod rotates about a fixed axis, (vG)AB =
vrGAB = v(0.225) and (vG)C = vrGC = v(0.525). The mass moment of the rod
1 1
and the disk about their respective mass centers are (IAB)G = ml2 = (6)(0.452)
12 12
1 1
= 0.10125 kg # m2 and (IC)G = mr2 = (9)(0.0752) = 0.0253125 kg # m2. Thus,
2 2
the kinetic energy of the pendulum is
1 1
T = © mvG 2 + IGv 2
2 2
= c (6)[v(0.225)]2 + (0.10125)v2 d + c (9)[v(0.525)]2 + (0.0253125)v2 d

1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
= 1.4555v2
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
I v2, where IO = c (6)(0.452)
1 or o ni c p
1
w g r tru o
This result can also be obtained by applying T =
e in lea s s c
2 O 12
th lud nt f in te
of inc de e o Sta
+ 6(0.2252) d + c (9)(0.0752) + 9(0.5252) d = 2.9109 kg # m2. Thus,

1
ity ( tu s d
2
gr rk s u te
is
te wo ing the Uni
1 1
e his s fo by
T = IOv2 = (2.9109)v2 = 1.4555v2

y of as lel ted
2 2
s r
o c
st pa nd s te
th t se y
de ny es a ided pro
Since the pendulum is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. a, Ox and Oy do no

w of a urs rov k is
work, WC and WAB do positive work, and M does negative work. When u = 90°,
le co s p or
WAB and WC displace vertically through distances of hAB = 0.225 m and

sa eir d i is w
in
hC = 0.525 m. Thus, the work done by WAB, WC, and M is

ro rt
th an Th
UWAB = WABhAB = 6(9.81)(0.225) = 13.24 J
UWC = WChC = 9(9.81)(0.525) = 46.35 J

ill
p>2
UM = - Mdu = - 20udu = - 24.67 J
L L0
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
0 + [13.24 + 46.35 + ( - 24.67)] = 1.4555v2
v = 4.90 rad>s Ans.
*18–20.
If P = 200 N and the 15-kg uniform slender rod starts from

rest at u = 0°, determine the rod’s angular velocity at the
instant just before u = 45°. 600 mm
A
45° u P ⫽ 200 N
B
SOLUTION
Kinetic Energy and Work: Referring to Fig. a,
rA>IC = 0.6 tan 45° = 0.6 m
Then
rG>IC = 30.32 + 0.62 = 0.6708 m
Thus,
no orl sem eac ws

er id ati ng
ed e r
itt W o
(vG)2 = v2rG>IC = v2(0.6708)
t a
t p d W in hi
. b)
m e on
d e W Dis in t l
an th . rs gh
k n ng to yri
1
The mass moment of inertia of the rod about its mass center is IG = ml2or o ni c p
w g r tru o
12
e in lea s s c
1
th lud nt f in te
= (15)(0.62) = 0.45 kg # m2. Thus, the final kinetic energy is

of inc de e o Sta
12
ity ( tu s d
gr rk s u te
is
1 1
te wo ing the Uni
T2 = m(vG)22 + IG v2 2
2 2
e his s fo by
y of as lel ted
s r
o c
1 1
st pa nd s te
th t se y
(15)[w2(0.6708)]2 + (0.45) v2 2
de ny es a ided pro
=
2 2
w of a urs rov k is
= 3.6v2 2
le co s p or
sa eir d i is w
in
ro rt
th an Th
Since the rod is initially at rest, T1 = 0. Referring to Fig. b, NA and NB do no work,

while P does positive work and W does negative work. When u = 45°, P displaces
through a horizontal distance sP = 0.6 m and W displaces vertically upwards
through a distance of h = 0.3 sin 45°, Fig. c. Thus, the work done by P and W is
ill
UP = PsP = 200(0.6) = 120 J
UW = - Wh = - 15(9.81)(0.3 sin 45°) = - 31.22 J
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
0 + [120 - 31.22] = 3.6v22
v2 = 4.97 rad>s Ans.
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Title: Alakuloinen meri

Runoja
Author: Anna Kaari
Release date: January 1, 2024 [eBook #72579]
Language: Finnish
Original publication: Helsinki: WSOY, 1928
Credits: Tuula Temonen
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK

ALAKULOINEN MERI ***
ALAKULOINEN MERI
Runoja
Kirj.
Anna Kaari [Kaarina Höglund]
Porvoossa, Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1928.

SISÄLLYS:
KEVÄTYÖ
Kevätyö
Alakuloinen meri
Kaipaus
Meri yöllä
Onnellinen aamu
POLKU
Polku
Laulu sinulle
Maja
Kirje
Jää hyvästi, hyvää yötä
Alakuloinen päivä
Varjolaulu
Murhe
MUSTA TAUTI
Wen-Kiyn'in valitus
Kuin kuolinpaarien lakanat
Musta tauti
Pimeä meri
Ystäville
Kuollut sydän
Sa liian myöhään tulit takaisin
SYVYYDESTÄ
Laiva
Kaupunki
Ilta
Syyssade
Kauhu
Kuutamo kaupungissa
Syvyydestä
AAMU
Lumisade
Akvarelli
Uusi kevät
Aamu
Keväthurmio
Uudestisyntyminen
Pieni laulu
Onnellinen rakkaus
Yö niityllä
VALKEA HÄMÄRÄ
Äiti
Rannalla
Ota mun kädestäni kiinni
Sisarelle
Ametisti
Valkea hämärä
KEVÄTYÖ
KEVÄTYÖ
Meren yllä on pimeät, raskaat varjot: pilvien varjot.

Ranta on paennut viileään, siniseen sumuun.
Laiva on nostanut purjeet yöhön
ja liukuu etenemättä —
Jostakin läikkyy äkkiä valoa veteen,

outoa, kirkasta valoa.
Meri liikkuu aalloitta yössä.
Meri on ihana maailma ääriä vailla.
Valo on sammunut.
Purjeet ovat sulaneet pilvien varjoon.
Varjo on hajonnut pimeään mereen.
Kaikki on yhtä.
Yössä on ainoa kuuluva ääni:

— Salaisiin kiviin särkyvä vesi.
ALAKULOINEN MERI
Oot harmaa, aalloin väsynein sa tumman pilven alla hiljaa

vaellat!
Mun, ihmisen, on hyvä levätä sun rannallas, kun viilee tuuli

unhoituksen levon lupaa.
Oot harmaa, kaiken elämän, sen murheen, epätoivon

pyyhkii aaltos pois.
Ja rannoiltas ja minut, ihmisen, kun hiljaa vaellat sa

tumman pilven alla aalloin väsynein.
KAIPAUS
On kaipaus vienyt linnun rannalta ulapan tuuleen viileään.

Ovat tomuinen maa ja ranta kaukana häipyneet meren
hämärään.
On linnun sydäntä syönyt ikävä

ulapan lintujen vapauteen,
missä punaiset karit nousevat merestä
satoine lokkien pesineen.
On kaipaus vienyt linnun rannalta ulapan aamuun

valkeaan, missä auringon noustessa merestä kirkkaana
unohtaa tomuisen, kuuman maan —
MERI YÖLLÄ
Meri yöllä on kuultavan kirkas, sen vesi on valkoinen, ja

lokkien kaartuvat siivet ei varjosta pintaa sen.
On tiirojen kirkkaus jäänyt

myös rannoille kuolemaan.
Vain kaukaista kohinaa kuuluu:
meri puhelee unissaan,
ja huo'aten joskus syvään se mainingin kohottaa, mi

aaveena edeten liukuu veden pintaa valkeaa.
Nyt ylitse yöllisen meren, veden vaiheilla valkean käy

kutsuva kuiskaus hiljaa meren lempeän jumalan.
ONNELLINEN AAMU
Miten onnelliseen aamuun meren saarella herätä voi! Kuin

vihreään kylpyyn kutsuin meren aallot rannalla soi.
Ja lokkien helminauhaan
on tiirat yhtyneet.
Ne ensimmäisinä meressä
on aamulla kylpeneet.
Meren onnelliseen aamuun kun vielä herätä vois! Meren

vedessä viheriässä surut sairaat huuhtoa pois.
POLKU
POLKU
Sinä kuljet monia, leveitä teitä.

Joka tie vie jonkun ystävän luo.
Eräs kovin kapea, hämärä polku
sinut minun luokseni joskus tuo.
Eräs niityn ruohoon hukkuva polku,

jota tiellä kulkijat eivät nää,
joka sinulta myöskin helposti unhoon
kovin pitkiksi ajoiksi usein jää.
Sinä kuljet monia, leveitä teitä.

Minä turhaan polulla odotan.
Minä pelkään, rakkahin, huomaamatta
polun kokonaan umpeen ruohottuvan.
LAULU SINULLE
Sua päivät iltaan aattelen, kun hiljaa askaroin. Viel' läpi illan
hämärän sun silmäs nähdä voin.
Sa vaikka kuljet kaukana,

olet aina vierelläin.
Kuin tuvan lämmin hämärä
sa kierrät sydäntäin.
Sa olet öinen hiljaisuus,

mi tupaa vartioi,
Sun kuiskaukses unihin
kuin huilun ääni soi.
Sua yöt ja päivät aattelen, sa olet elämäin. Sa vaikka kuljet

kaukana, olet aina vierelläin.
MAJA
Ma sydämestäni nyt majan teen

ja vien sen erämaahan kaukaiseen.
Sen kynnyspuulla istun odottain.

Tuo kaipuu kerran sinut majahain.
Ja takkatulta sulle iltaisin

ma vaalin onnellisin unelmin.
Sa tulet kerran, silmiis suutelen

ma silloin unet syväin metsien
ja vuorten etäisinä siintäväin

ja havun tuoksun, kukkain himmeäin.
Ma oman ikäväni suutelen

ja rakkauden suuren, avoimen
ja yksinkertaisen kuin erämaa,

mi etees rannatonna aukeaa.
KIRJE
Niin pitkän kirjeen kirjoitin

kuin oli ikäväin,
ja ajatuksin kuumeisin
ma odottamaan jäin.
Sa vihdoin muistat kirjoittaa:

Saan kirjeen ohuen.
Sen sanat mua viluttaa
kuin päivä tuulinen
tai linnun huuto suolta päin tai ruutu ikkunan, min jäisen
lasin ääreen jäin ma kädet helmahan.
JÄÄ HYVÄSTI, HYVÄÄ YÖTÄ
Jää hyvästi, hyvää yötä,

ma nukun sulta pois
ja väliltämme kaikki
kuin unhoitettu ois.
Jää hyvästi, hyvää yötä.

On monen käynyt niin.
Tie huipuilta vie aina
alas kuilun syvyyksiin.
Jää hyvästi, hyvää yötä.

Sua vielä suutelen —
Ja nukun pois, mut koskaan
ma aamuun herää en.
ALAKULOINEN PÄIVÄ
On järvi kellanharmaa, ja mustat pilvet kulkemaan jo ovat

väsyneet. Ne riippuu järven yllä kuin kummalliset varjot vaan
tai siivet väsyneet.
Ma askelteni ääntä
kuin joka hetki vavahdan
ja käännyn katsomaan.
Vain jalkojeni alla
ma taitoin kaislan ruskean.
Jään sitä katsomaan —
Niin alakuloisena ma rantaa pitkin kävelen ja jotain ikävöin

— Kuin mustat pilvet raskas on yksinäisyys päivien. — Pois
täältä ikävöin.
VARJOLAULU
Jäät valon lämpöön niinkuin lintu jää, kun varjossa jo viileyttä

on, ja enää varjon pimentoon ei nää sun silmäs, huikaisemat
auringon.
Vain kuumaan valoon yli maisemain

ne tuijottavat kauas, ohi mun.
Oon varjossa ma pieni kasvi vain,
ja silmäis valosta ma huikaistun.
Jäät kauas valoon, minä varjoon jään, ja lehdet sulkee

minut pimentoon. Ma kylmään heinään painan raskaan pään,
sa lennät niinkuin lintu aurinkoon.

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Engingeering Mechanics Dynamics in SI Units 14th

At a given instant the body of mass m has an angular IC

no orl sem eac ws

Thus, the kinetic energy of the wheel is

no orl sem eac ws

Principle of Work and Energy:

v = 14.1 rad/s Ans.

no orl sem eac ws

The 50-kg flywheel has a radius of gyration of k0 = 200 mm M ⫽ (9 u1/2) N⭈m

Since the wheel is initially at rest, T1 = 0 . Referring to Fig. a, W, Ox, and Oy do

no orl sem eac ws

Principle of Work and Energy:

v = 32.5 rad>s Ans.

The spool has a mass of 60 kg and a radius of gyration

C 60(0.3)2 D (6)2 + (60) C 0.3(6) D 2

no orl sem eac ws

Solve Prob. 18–5 if the coefficient of kinetic friction

+a©Fy = 0; NA - 60(9.81) cos 30° = 0

no orl sem eac ws

no orl sem eac ws

no orl sem eac ws

WB does negative work. When A moves 2 ft downward, the pulley rotates

Thus, the work of WA and WB are

Principle of Work and Energy:

282.61 + [40 + ( - 30)] = 0.7065 v2

v = 20.4 rad>s Ans.

If the cable is subjected to force of P = 300 N, and the spool 400 mm

no orl sem eac ws

UP = Psp = 300(2.25) = 675 J

Principle of Work and Energy:

v = 7.57 rad>s Ans.

The two tugboats each exert a constant force F on the ship.

no orl sem eac ws

At the instant shown, link AB has an angular velocity

vC = 1.5(422) = 8.4853 in.>s

vG = 1.5(4.472) = 6.7082 in.>s

1 1 3(0.5) 3 2 1 4(0.5) 6.7082 2 1 1 4(0.5) 4 2

no orl sem eac ws

Determine the velocity of the 50-kg cylinder after it has

no orl sem eac ws

no orl sem eac ws

upward, wheel A rotates through an angle of uA = = = 13.333 rad. Then,

pulley B rotates through an angle of uB = u = a b(13.333) = 33.33 rad

Thus, the work done by M and WC is

UWC = -WC sC = - 200(5) = - 1000 ft # lb

Principle of Work and Energy:

0 + [2280.93 - 1000] = 0.6308v2

vC = 45.06(0.375) = 16.9 ft>s c Ans.

no orl sem eac ws

uB = (5 rev)a b = 10p rad, the wheel rotates through an angle of