MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2023

CHEMISTRY

Time Allowed: 3 hours

(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Booklet.

2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.

3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being answered
and to tie each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places. Ensure that your Index
Number is written on the extra sheets.

4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint pen. You may use a pencil only for drawing.

5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.

6. There are five strands in this paper. All the strands are compulsory.
Note:
 A Periodic Table of Elements is provided for your use during the examination. Both the atomic
number and the relative atomic mass for each element are given.
 Final answers to calculations must be rounded off to two decimal places.

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS

Multiple - Short Total Suggested

Strand
choice answer marks time
questions questions
1 General Chemistry
2 8 10 18 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
2 Investigating Matter
4 18 22 40 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
3 Reactions
6 24 30 54 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
4 Materials
6 24 30 54 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
5 Consumer Chemistry
2 6 8 14 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
Total 20 80 100 180

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2023.

 2.

INSTRUCTIONS

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
The multiple-choice questions are all compulsory. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. In your Answer Booklet, circle the letter of the best answer.

If you change your mind, put a line through your first circle and draw a circle
around the letter of your next choice.

For example: 12 A B C D

2. If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line through
your second circle and tick () your first answer.

For example: 12 A B C D


3. No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter as the answer for a question.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Write the answers in the space provided in the Answer Booklet.

STRAND 1 GENERAL CHEMISTRY [10 marks]

This strand has 6 questions.

1. An important document that provides information on the properties of hazardous

chemicals in the laboratory is a

A. health record.
B. safety data sheet.
C. laboratory manual.
D. practical result sheet.

2. The safety practice to flush away chemical spill from the experimenter’s face is by
using a/an

A. first aid kit.

B. safety shower.
C. fire extinguisher.
D. eye wash fountain.

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 (i) Construct a line graph to show the relationship between temperature
and volume. Give a title to the graph and
3.3. label the axes. (2 marks)

3.3. (ii)
State
List one
ListtwoIdentify
two the relationship
importance
importance obtained
ofofdetermining
determining from the
themelting
the melting lineofgraph.
point
point ofaasubstance.
substance. (1
(2(2mark)
marks)
marks)

4.4.
5. During
During
Atom thecourse
the
economycourse aof
of of ananexperiment,
experiment,
chemical reaction aastudent
studentdetermined
measures determined
the amount the
the volume
ofvolume ofofgas
reactants gas
that
released
released from
from anan experiment
experiment
become useful products. at
at different
different temperatures.
temperatures.
Thereaction
The
The resultsofof
results theexperiment
the
equationexperiment wererecorded
were
for extracting recorded
iron ininits
from the
the table
table
ore asasshown
using shownbelow:
carbon isbelow:
given below:
Temperature( ( C)
Temperature 0 0 C) Volumeofofgas
Volume gasproduced
produced(cm (cm3)3)
10
10 15
15
2Fe2O3(s) + 20 20
3C(s) 4Fe(s)2525+ 3CO2(g)
25
25 30
30
40
40 45
45
50
50 55
55
Calculate the atom economy for this reaction. (2 marks)
(i)(i) Constructaaline
Construct linegraph
graphtotoshow
showthe
therelationship
relationshipbetween
betweentemperature
temperature
andvolume.
and volume.Give
Giveaatitle
titletotothe
thegraph
graphand
andlabel
labelthe
theaxes.
axes. (2(2marks)
marks)
6. Disposal of waste chemicals is always an area of concern in a laboratory.
Describe
(ii) the procedure
(ii) Identify
Identify used to dispose
therelationship
the relationship dilute
obtained
obtained from
from acids.
theline
the linegraph.
graph. (2 marks)
(1(1mark)
mark)

5.5. Atomeconomy
Atom economyofofaachemical
chemicalreaction
reactionmeasures
measuresthe theamount
amountofofreactants
reactantsthat
that
becomeuseful
become usefulproducts.
products.
Thereaction
The reactionequation
equationfor
forextracting
extractingiron
ironfrom
fromitsitsore
oreusing
usingcarbon
carbonisisgiven
givenbelow:
below:

2Fe2O
2Fe 2O
3(3s()s) ++ 3C(s()s)
3C 4Fe(s)(s) ++ 3CO
4Fe 3CO2(g)
2(g)

Calculatethe
Calculate theatom
atomeconomy
economyfor
forthis
thisreaction.
reaction. (2(2marks)
marks)
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6.6. Disposalofofwaste
Disposal wastechemicals
chemicalsisisalways
alwaysananarea
areaofofconcern
concernininaalaboratory.
laboratory.
Describethe
Describe theprocedure © MINISTRY
procedureused OF EDUCATION,
usedtotodispose
disposedilute FY13CE
diluteacids.
acids. 2023: CHEMISTRY. (2(2marks)
marks)

TurnOver
Turn Over

©©MINISTRY
MINISTRYOF
OFEDUCATION,
EDUCATION,FY13CE
FY13CE2023:
2023:CHEMISTRY.
CHEMISTRY.
 4.

STRAND 2 INVESTIGATING MATTER [22 marks]

This strand has 11 questions.

1. The compound that has intermolecular hydrogen bonding is

A. CH4 B. HBr C. HCl D. HF

2. The structure of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is shown below.

Source: FAVPNG.com

The shape of SF6 is

A. tetrahedral.
B. hexahedral.
C. octahedral.
D. bipyramidal.

3. Determine the number of pi bonds in a benzene molecule?

Source: www.nagwa.com

A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 15

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 5.

4. According to Dalton’s law of partial pressure, the

A. volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, at constant pressure.
B. pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, at constant temperature.
C. total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of their individual pressure.
D. volume of gases reactants bear simple ratios to one another and to the volumes of
their product.

5. The element Rhenium consists of two isotopes 185Re and 187Re in a ratio of 40%
and 60% respectively.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of Rhenium. (2 marks)

6. Draw the Lewis structure diagram of an ammonium ion (NH4+). (2 marks)

7. The electron configuration is the representation of the arrangement of electrons

distributed in shells and subshells.

(i) State the electron configuration of copper using s, p, d notation. (1 mark)

(ii) Show how the electrons are filled in the 3d orbitals. (1 mark)
(iii) Determine the four quantum numbers for the 20th electron of copper. (2 marks)

8. The table below shows the atomic radius of oxygen atom and the ionic radius of oxide ion.

Atom/Ion Radius(picometres)
Oxygen atom (O) 60

Oxide ion (O2-) 140

Explain why oxide ion has a larger radius than an oxygen atom. (2 marks)

9. Consider the illustration given below, when ice cubes was placed into a beaker
of water and answer the question that follow.

Source: www.nagwa.com

What can be concluded from the above observation? (1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.
 6.

10. An experiment was set up to determine the molar mass of a volatile liquid using the
Dumas method and obtained following results:

Mass of the condensed vapour 0.15 g

Volume of the condensed vapour 155 mL
Temperature of the water bath 100 0C
Atmospheric pressure 99.3kPa

(i) Calculate the molar mass of the liquid. [R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1] (2 marks)
(i) (

(ii) In this experiment, the flask containing the volatile liquid was heated in a
boiling water bath. State why the liquid was not heated directly. (1 mark)

11. An athlete made a drink by dissolving 25g of glucose (C6 H12 O6) in 500g of water.
Determine the mole fraction of glucose in the drink. (2 marks)

12. The concentration of a solution can be expressed in terms of molality and molarity.
Differentiate between molality and molarity. (2 marks)

STRAND 3 REACTIONS [30 marks]

12 questions.
This strand has 14

1. A Lewis acid has the ability to

A. accept electrons. B. accept protons.

C. donate electrons. D. donate protons.

2. Which of the following is the correct expression to calculate the pH of a solution?

A. pH = log [H+] B. pH = log [OH-]

C. pH = -log [H+] D. pH = -log [OH-]

3. Use the balanced redox equation to answer the following question.

Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s)

The reducing agent for the above reaction is

A. Fe B. Cu2+
C. Fe2+ D. Cu

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 7.

4. Which of the following is the weakest base?

Base Kb pKb
A Lithium hydroxide 2.3 -0.36

B Sodium hydroxide 2.63 0.2

C Ammonia 1.8 X10-5 4.74

D Hydrogen carbonate ion 2.4 X 10-8 7.62

5. The science of measuring the quantities of heat that are involved in chemical or physical
changes is a

A. system. B. capacity.
C. calorimetry. D. surrounding.

6. The titration curve for a weak acid(CH3COOH) and strong base(NaOH) is shown below:

Source: Chemistry for Year 13 Textbook

Select the most appropriate indicator for this titration.

Indicator pKa of Indicator

A Phenolphthalein 9.6
B Bromothymol blue 7.0
C Methyl red 5.1
D Methyl orange 3.7

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.
 8.

7. Consider the unbalanced chemical equation given below to answer the questions that follow.

Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O2(aq) Cr3+(aq) + O2(g)

(i) Write the balanced oxidation half-equation. (1 mark)

(ii) Write the balanced reduction half-equation. (1 mark)

(iii) Deduce the overall balanced equation in a basic medium. (2 marks)

9.

10.
8. Given below is
Bond energy the equation
values for the
can be used combustion
to calculate the of ethyne.change in a chemical reaction.
enthalpy
(i) Define the term bond energy. (1 mark)
C2H2(g) + 5/2 O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(g)
(ii) Using the bond energy data given below, calculate the enthalpy change, (∆Ho)
for the
Use Hess’s Lawreaction:
and the equations given below to calculate the standard enthalpy of
combustion of ethyne.

CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CH3Cl (g) + HCl(g)

2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) ∆Ho = +227 kJ mol-1

(s) +
CBond O2(g) C-H CO2(g)C-Cl ∆HoH-Cl
= -393.5 kJ mol-1
Cl-Cl
-1
H2Energy
(g) +
(kJ ½
molO )
2(g)
413 H2O339
(g) ∆H432
o = -286 243
kJ mol-1
(3
(2 marks)

9. During the standardization of potassium permanganate solution, 20mL of

11. A group
0.20 of -1Year
mol.L iron 13
(II)students set up
ammonium the following
sulphate solutiongalvanic cell to
was titrated measure the potential
with
between its electrodes. The
potassium permanganate solution.diagram is labelled below:

The titration was repeated and 18.50mL of potassium permanganate solution was
needed to reach the end point.
The reaction occurred according to the following equation:

+
MnO-4 (aq) + 8H(aq) + 5Fe2+
(aq) Mn2+ 3+
(aq) + 5Fe(aq) + 4H2 O(ℓ)

(i) State the purpose of repeating the titration. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the solution that would be present in the burette. (1 mark)

(iii) Calculate the amount in (moles) of Fe2+ ions used. (1 mark)

(iv) Determine the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution. (2 marks)

Source:OF
© MINISTRY chemistrylearner.com
EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

(i) Write the cell notation from the galvanic cell. (1 mark)
 9.

10. Given below is the equation for the combustion of ethyne.

C2H2(g) + 5/2 O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Use Hess’s Law and the equations given below to calculate the standard enthalpy of
combustion of ethyne.

2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) ∆Ho = +227 kJ mol-1

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ∆Ho = -393.5 kJ mol-1

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(g) ∆Ho = -286 kJ mol-1

(3 marks)

11. A group of Year 13 students set up the following galvanic cell to measure the potential
between its electrodes. The diagram is labelled below:

Source: chemistrylearner.com

(i) Write the cell notation from the galvanic cell. (1 mark)
(ii) Deduce the oxidizing and reducing agents from the galvanic cell. (2 marks)
(iii) Calculate the potential difference between the electrodes of the cell
assuming standard conditions.

Cu2+/Cu EO = +0.34V
Zn2+/Zn EO = -0.76V

(2 marks)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 10.

12. In order to measure the solubility product of silver acetate a student followed the
instructions of mixing silver nitrate solution and sodium acetate solution from the
laboratory manual. The last portion of the instruction is captured below:

…Scratch the inside of each test tube below the liquid level with a
clean glass tube/glass rod….

(i) State the purpose of scratching the inside of the test tube with the
glass tube/glass rod. (1 mark)

(ii) A student found the solubility of silver acetate, CH3COOAg, to be 0.045mol L-1.

CH3COOAg(s) CH3COO-(aq) + Ag+(aq)

Using the equation above, calculate the solubility product of silver acetate. (2 marks)

STRAND 4 MATERIALS [30 marks]

11 questions.
This strand has 12

1. Which of the following oxide is an amphoteric oxide?

A. B2O3 B. Li2O
C. BeO D. NO2

2. Use the table of hydrides given below to answer the question.

Name Sodium hydride Hydrogen sulphide Y

Formula NaH H2S PH3

The name of the hydride Y with the formula of PH3 is

A. potassium hydride. B. hydrogen phosphide.

C. hydrogen fluoride. D. phosphorous hydride.

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 11.

3. Which of the following cannot act as a ligand ?

-
A. NO2 B. H3O+
C. H2O D. Br -

4. The highest possible oxidation state of Vanadium (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2) is
A. +2 B. +4
C. +3 D. +5

5. The organic compound that will undergo Markovnikov’s addition reaction with HCl is

A. ethene. B. propene.
C. but-2-ene. D. butan-2-ol.

6. The structure of two organic compounds are shown below :

These two organic compounds are examples of

A. geometrical isomers. B. chain isomers.

C. functional group isomers. D. position isomers.

7. Transitional metals, such as copper (Cu) are capable of forming complex ions.
Answer the following question with respect to the complex ion, [Cu(NH3)4]2+.

(i) Name the complex ion given above. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the type of bonding present between the NH3 and Cu2+. (1 mark)
(iii) Apart from its ability to form complex ions and colored compounds,
describe another property typical of transitional metals. (2 marks)

8. Explain why lithium chloride can conduct electricity in solution form. (2 marks)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 12.

9. Use the structures (I-III) of the three different types of alcohol shown below to
answer the questions that follow.

H CH3 H

CH3 C OH HO C C2H5 H C C3H7

C2H5 CH3 OH

I II III

Identify the:

(i) tertiary alcohol. (1 mark)

(ii) optically active alcohol and provide a reason for it. (2 marks)
(iii) alcohol that can be oxidized to a ketone. (1 mark)

10. Draw the structural formula of 3-methylpentan-2-one. (2 marks)

11. A group of Year 13 students carried out the following steps to examine the
hydrolysis of the ester, methyl salicylate.

Step 1 Place 2ml of methyl salicylate in a round bottom distillation flask.

Step 2 Add 25ml of sodium hydroxide (2 mol/L) and some boiling chips.

Step 3 Reflux the mixture gently for about 30 minutes, at which time any
oily drops of the ester should have disappeared

Step 4 Distil the mixture slowly to collect about.1ml of distillate and

retain this for testing later.

Step 5 Add concentrated hydrochloric acid to the cooled residual solution,

with constant stirring until the mixture is just acid to litmus paper.

Step 6 Filter off the crystals which have formed, under suction, and
wash them with water.

Step 7 Dry the crystals and determine the melting point.

(i) State the purpose of adding boiling chips to the reaction mixture. (1 mark)

(ii) Explain one positive test (mentioned in Step 4) that was carried out
during the experiment to confirm the identity of the distillate. (2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 13.

(iii) The following equation shows the hydrolysis of the ester methyl salicylate.

O
OH-
C---O—CH3 + H2O Product A + Product B

OH

Name Product A and Product B. (2 marks)

12. The reaction sequence below shows some common reactions of important classes
of organic molecules.
Use the information to answer the question that follows.

CH3COOH
CH2CH2
PCl5

Cr2O72-/H+ Compound
H2O Reagent Y Process X D

Compound A conc H2SO4

+
HCl Heat

Compound C + H2O
CH3CH2Cl NH3 Compound B
Reaction Z

(i) Write the formula for compound A, B, C and D. (4 marks)

(ii) Name Process X that converts CH3COOH to Compound A. (1 mark)
(iii) Identify Reagent Y. (1 mark)
(iv) State the type of Reaction Z (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.

 14.

STRAND 5 CONSUMER CHEMISTRY [8 marks]

This strand has 5 questions.

1. Which of the following is an example of a natural polymer?

A. Nylon B. Silk
C. Rubber D. Terrylene

2. PVC is a polymer that can be used as

A. buckets. B. film wraps.

C. electricity cables. D. plastic bags.

3. State an important property that is present in most polymers. (1 mark)

4. Teflon is a synthetic addition polymer that is produced from tetrafluoroethene monomers.

Use a suitable chemical equation to show the formation of teflon. (2 marks)

5. Polythene is an example of a non- biodegradable polymer.

(i) Define the term non-biodegradable polymer. (1 mark)

(ii) List two pollution problems caused by non-biodegradable polymers. (2 marks)

THE END

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© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2023: CHEMISTRY.