CE 4255-Urban Transportation

Planning and Management

Transportation System Management

Dr. Farzana Rahman

Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
United International University
Fall 2023
 Transportation system management
(TSM) is a term used to describe a
wide range of measures and
techniques that attempt to both
maximize the capacity of the street
system and reduce the demand on it.
 Traffic Management

Managing the road network New South Wales is a complex

task requiring consideration of many issues including:
 Improving road safety.
 Managing commuter, bus, freight and tourism movement.
 Improving transport alternatives including bicycling,
walking and travel demand management.
 Congestion in major urban areas.
 Delays caused by planned and unplanned incidents and
special events.
 Integration of land use developments into the road network.
 Transportation System Management

 The basic objective of TSM is to create more

efficient use of existing facilities through improved
management and operation of vehicles and the
roadway.
 TSM refers to all strategies that contribute to the
efficient use of existing highway facilities, both
 on the “demand” side (changing the way people travel)
 on the “supply “ side (i.e., changing the facility itself)
and,
 Transportation System Management
Demand Side- Transport Demand Management (TDM)

 Transportation Demand Management, or TDM, is a

general term for strategies that increase overall system
efficiency by encouraging a shift from single-occupant
vehicle (SOV) trips to non-SOV modes, or shifting auto trips
out of peak periods.
 This supports the Urban Mobility Plan’s focus on moving
people and goods rather than motor vehicles.
 TDM Principles

There are many different TDM strategies with a variety of

impacts.
 Some improve the transportation options available to
consumers, while others provide an incentive to change
travel mode, time or destination.
 Some reduce the need for physical travel through
 mobility substitutes or
 more efficient land use.
 Transportation System Management
Demand Side- Transport Demand Management (TDM)

The specific objectives of TDM are:

 reduced traffic congestion

 road and parking cost savings

 increased safety

 improved mobility for non-drivers

 energy conservation and

 pollution emission reductions

 Impact of Selected TDM Strategies
Source: BEST PRACTI CES: Transportation Demand Management (TDM),
July 2009

Strategy Modal Share Impact

Congestion pricing London: 37% vehicle speed increase, 30%
decrease in peak period delays; 50% decrease
in bus delay. 14-30% increase in
transit ridership (London, Stuttgart, Singapore)
High capacity transit 20-72% of new riders shifted mode from auto
Parking management 40-50% reduction in parking demand under
(includes pricing and peak period and long term parking pricing
availability strategies) increases; SOV mode share 16%- 25% lower
when Employees paid for parking
Transportation-efficient 15-24% SOV reduction
development
 Transportation System Management
Demand Side- Transport Demand Management (TDM)

 TDM seeks to reduce auto trips and hopefully vehicle miles

traveled – by increasing travel options, by providing
incentives and information to encourage and help individuals
modify their travel behavior, or by reducing the physical
need to travel through transportation-efficient land uses.
 The cumulative impact of a comprehensive set of TDM
strategies can have a significant impact on travel behavior,
system efficiency, and SOV rates. TDM programs are
usually implemented by public agencies, employers, or via
public private partnerships.
 TDM Actions

1. Ride Sharing
2. Road Pricing
3. Commute Trip Reduction
4. Alternative Work Schedule
5. Vehicle Restrictions
6. Tele Work
7. Parking Management
8. Distance –based Pricing
9. Car-Free Planning
10. Smart Growth
 1. Ride Sharing- Car and Van Pooling

 Ridesharing is one of the most common and cost effective

alternative modes, particularly in areas that are not well
served by public transit
 Rideshare programs typically provide carpool matching,
vanpool sponsorship, marketing programs, and incentives
to reduce driving
 Carpooling uses participants’ own automobiles.
Vanpooling uses vans that are usually owned by an
organization (such as a business, non-profit, or government
agency) and made available specifically for commuting
 1. Ride Sharing- Car and Van Pooling

 Rideshare incentives may include HOV Priority (e.g., HOV

highway lanes), preferential parking spaces, and awards.
 Rideshare programs can be implemented by an individual
employer as part of a Commute Trip Reduction program,
by a Transportation Management Association or a Campus
Trip Management program
 Large programs use computerized rideshare partner
matching systems that take into account each commuter’s
origin, destination, schedule, and special needs.
 1. Ride Sharing- Car and Van Pooling

Los Angles SmartTraveler

 The ridesharing service allows users to obtain lists of
potential ride matches.
 Users must pre-register, which entails giving some
personal information, including their usual commute times
and preferred pick-up and drop-off locations. Upon request,
the system can call the people in the list and deliver a user-
recorded message.
 1. Ride Sharing- Car and Van Pooling

Carpoolworld.com
 Carpoolworld.com is a world-wide, self-service commuter
carpooling system that uses latitude and longitude
coordinates for precise automatic carpool matching.
 Automated, online trip matcher calculates and ranks
proximities to a precision of inches for maximum ride
sharing efficiency and ultimate convenience
 2. Road Pricing

 Road Pricing means that motorists pay directly for

driving on a particular roadway or in a particular area
 Economists have long advocated Road Pricing as an
efficient and equitable way to pay roadway costs, fund
Transportation Programs, and encourage more efficient
transportation
 Road Pricing has two general objectives:
- congestion management
- revenue generation
 2. Road Pricing

Road pricing (also road user charges) are direct charges

levied for the use of roads, including road tolls, distance or
time based fees, congestion charges and charges designed
to discourage use of certain classes of vehicle, fuel sources
or more polluting vehicles.
These charges may be used primarily for
 revenue generation, usually for road infrastructure financing,
 or as a transportation demand management tool to reduce peak hour
travel and the associated traffic congestion or other social and
environmental negative externalities associated with road travel
such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, visual intrusion,
noise and road accidents
 2. Road Pricing

 Different types of Road Pricing are:

a. Vehicle Use Fees
b. Road Tolls
c. Congestion Pricing
d. HOT Lanes
e. Road Space Rationing
f. Distance based pricing
g. Cordon (Area) Tolls
 2. Road Pricing

a. Vehicle Use Fees

- Fuel tax, insurance, registration
- Can be variable (more charge if drives more than a limit)
Ex.: Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance, prorates
premiums by mileage so vehicle insurance becomes a variable cost
b. Road Tolls
- Tolls are a common way to fund highway and bridge
improvements
- This is considered more equitable and economically efficient than
other roadway improvement funding options which cause non-
users to help pay for improvements
 2. Road Pricing

c. Congestion Pricing
- Congestion Pricing refers to variable road pricing (higher
prices under congested conditions and lower prices at less
congested times and locations)
- Intended to reduce peak-period vehicle trips
d. HOT Lanes
- High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes are High Occupancy
Vehicle (HOV) lanes that also allow access to low
occupancy vehicles if drivers pay a toll
- HOT lanes are often proposed as a compromise between
HOV lanes and Road Pricing
 2. Road Pricing

e. Road Space Rationing

- A variation of road pricing is to ration peak period vehicle-
trips or vehicle-miles using a credit-based system
- Road space rationing based on license numbers has been
implemented in cities such as Athens (1982), Santiago, Chile
etc. All these cities restrain a percentage of vehicles every
weekday during rush hours or for the entire day.
- When the restriction is based in two digits a theoretical 20%
reduction of traffic is expected. Cities with serious air quality
problems, such as México City and Santiago use more digits
to achieve greater reductions in air pollution, and even the
prohibition can be for more than one day a week.
 2. Road Pricing

f. Distance based pricing

- Users pay based on mileage
- Odometer readings are collected by certified odometer
auditors, usually during scheduled maintenance Vehicle
operating hours are recorded by a small instrument
installed in each vehicle
An electronic system in each vehicle tracks mileage
 2. Road Pricing

g. Cordon (Area) Tolls

 Cordon tolls are fees paid by motorists to drive in a
particular area, usually a city center.
 Some cordon tolls only apply during peak periods, such as
weekdays.
 London Congestion Pricing

-Since 17 February 2003 the city of London has charged a

£5 (now £8) daily fee for driving private vehicles in an
eight square mile central area during weekdays as a way to
reduce traffic congestion and raise revenues for transport
improvements.
- Congestion charge can be paid over internet/by SMS/by
automated telephone service/ in petrol stations/by post/ in
Shops £2 late fee if paid between midnight and next day.
 London Congestion Pricing

- Automatic Number Plate Reader (ANPR) records vehicles

entering the charging zone against a database of motorists
who have paid the fee
- In 2004 Mayor Livingstone was reelected, largely due to
the success of the congestion pricing program
London Congestion Pricing
 Singapore Congestion Pricing

 Charging area much smaller than London and divided

into central business districts, where scheme applies from
7.30am to 7.00pm, and expressways/outer ring roads,
where scheme applies from 7.30am to 9.30am.
 ERP (Electronic Road Pricing) system introduced in
1998.
Benefits:
 Immediate reduction of 24,700 cars during peak and rise
of traffic speed by 22%.
 Reduced number of solo drivers.
 Vehicle trips shifted from peak to non-peak.
Singapore Congestion Pricing
 3.Commute Trip Reduction

 Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) (also called

Employee Trip Reduction or Vehicle Trip Reduction)
programs give commuters resources and incentives to
reduce their automobile trips
 The employers are required to take initiatives to
reduce their employees’ trips by a certain percentage
under these programs
- Example: high parking charge to supplement free
public transport pass
- Failure will result in fines
 3.Commute Trip Reduction-Example

Oregon’s ECO Program

 The state of Oregon has a Employee Commute
Options (ECO) program which requires
employers with more than 50 employees in the
Portland area to make a good faith effort to
encourage employees to reduce automobile
commute trips, with a target of a 10% reduction
over three years.
 Employers fail to make such an effort may be
fined.
 4. Alternative Work Schedule

Alternative Work Schedules (also called

Variable Work Hours) include:
 Flextime
 Compressed Workweek
 Staggered Shifts
 4. Alternative Work Schedule

Flextime: employees are allowed some flexibility

in their daily work schedules. For example,
rather than all employees working 8:00 to 4:30,
some might work 7:30 to 4:00, and others 9:00 to
5:30.
Compressed Workweek (CWW): employees work
fewer but longer days, such as four 10-hour days
each week (4/40), or 9-hour days with one day
off every two weeks (9/80).
 4. Alternative Work Schedule

Staggered Shifts: shifts are staggered to reduce the

number of employees arriving and leaving a
worksite at one time. For example, some shifts
may be 8:00 to 4:30, others 8:30 to 5:00, and
others 9:00 to 5:30. This is similar to flextime,
however, employees have less flexibility.
 5. Vehicle Restrictions

 Vehicle Restrictions include various regulatory

strategies to limit automobile travel at a particular
time and place:
 Some cities discourage or prohibit automobile traffic on
certain roads at certain times to create pedestrian oriented
commercial area.
 Some cities have Auto-Restricted Zones that limit
automobile access
 Some cities are divided into traffic cells that have direct
walking, cycling and transit connections, but require a
longer trip to travel between by private automobile.
Vehicle Restrictions--Examples
Gothenburg, Sweden
 5. Vehicle Restrictions

 Started before Olympic Games (July 20, 2008)

- Odd-numbered registrations are allowed to use their cars one day, even-
numbered the next.
- More than 10,000 detection devices including cameras and "ultrasonic and
microwave" scanners have been installed to catch anyone breaking the
rules.
- Drivers caught by the surveillance network will be fined 100 yuan ($15;
£7.50).
- Half of the city's estimated 3,300,000 cars will be forced from the road
 5. Vehicle Restrictions

 Post-Olympic modifications
- Moderate version continues Cars with number plates ending
in 0 or 5 will be taken off roads on Monday, while those
ending in 1 or 6 will be banned on Tuesday, 2 or 7 on
Wednesday, 3 or 8 on Thursday and 4 or 9 on Friday. The
ban does not apply on weekends or holidays.
 5. Vehicle Restrictions

Mexico City No Drive Days

 Mexico City implemented no-drive days during periods
of extreme air pollution.
 Under this rule, a car could only be used every other
day, depending on whether the license plate had an odd
or even number.
 When the duration of these restrictions increased, many
wealthier households bought second cars to use those
days. Most of these cars were cheap, older, high-
polluting cars. The policy has since been dropped!
 Vehicle Restrictions—Example

Gothenburg, Sweden
 The city of Gothenburg’s historic center was divided
into five traffic cells.
 Automobiles can travel within each cell but not directly
between cells, they must use a ring road.
 Pedestrian, bicycle and transit vehicles can travel
directly between cells.
 The result has been a 48% reduction in vehicle traffic
and a 45% reduction in pedestrian accidents.
 6. Telework

Telework (also called Home Computer Schemes)

includes various programs and activities that
substitute telecommunications (telephone, fax,
email, websites, video connections, etc.) for
physical travel.
 Specific examples are:
 Telecommuting -- employees who are allowed to
work from home or another location
 Distance Learning
 Tele-Shopping (Internet Shopping)
 6. Telework

 Tele-Banking (Internet Banking)

 Electronic Government -- use of telecommunications by
government agencies to provide services.
 Internet Business-to-Business (B2B)– Internet
interactions between businesses, such as bidding, sales
and planning.
 6. Telework

 A survey of 400 U.S. Teleworkers indicates that

Telework provides net reductions in vehicle travel
averaging 30 miles per telecommute day.
 This study estimates that if 10% of the workforce
Telecommutes on any given day, total vehicle travel
would decline by 4%.
 7. Parking Management

 Parking Management is a general term for strategies that

encourage more efficient use of existing parking facilities,
reduce parking demand and shift travel to non-SOV modes.
 Managing parking helps to reduce the undesirable impacts of
parking demand on local and regional traffic levels and the
resulting impacts on community livability and design.
 The supply of free or inexpensive parking at the final
destination is a key decision factor cited for choosing to drive
a personal auto rather than taking a bus, bike, walk or
carpool.
 7. Parking Management

 When free or inexpensive parking is offered, it leads to

overuse, often by long-term or all-day parkers who occupy
valuable spaces at the expense of short-term parkers, limiting
access to retail businesses and service industries catering to
short-term users.
 Parking demand that exceeds supply results in the common
phenomenon of “circling”—cars going round and round the
local area searching for limited parking, leading to more
congestion and delay. Therefore, parking management is
integral to any transportation demand management program.
 7. Parking Management

 The most effective parking strategies are cost based or pricing

measures that link parking rates to demand or provide
financial incentives and/or prime parking spaces to preferred
markets such as carpools, vanpools and short term parkers.
 This reduces total parking demand, shifts travel to other
modes, reduces vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and ensures a
minimum number of parking spots are always available,
avoiding the “circling” problem adding to congestion.
 7. Parking Management

The strategies are:

 Variable Market Rate On-Street Pricing- setting
variable parking rates that fluctuate with demand
helps optimize parking availability, free spaces for
short term users, and eliminate search traffic
 Unbundling Parking Costs requiring that parking
spaces be leased or sold separately from the rent or
sale price
7. Parking Management
 7. Parking Management

 Parking Tax- City of Seattle is instituting a 10 percent

parking tax (of the parking fee charged by commercial
parking business). In Vancouver, B.C. parking tax rates are
based on the square meters of taxable parking area applies
to all commercial parking, whether a fee is charged or not.
 Parking Cash-Out- an employer based strategy which
allows the employer to charge employees for parking while
giving employees a bonus or pay increase to offset the cost
of parking. Employees may use this increase to pay for
parking or may choose an alternate mode and “pocket” the
difference.
 7. Parking Management

Electronic Parking
Guidance Systems-
guide motorists from
main access roads to
parking facilities with
available spaces.
 7. Parking Management

Parking Maximums- impose limits on the number of parking

spaces to be provided at new developments through off-street
parking requirements and can help encourage transit use and
other alternatives to SOV. In addition, reward could be
offered to developers who “underpark” their building by not
building up to the maximum levels allowed.
Park-and-Ride Lots- can help alleviate demand for parking in
congested areas Parking Enforcement and Education- can
help manage the on-street supply and free spaces for short
term parkers.
Parking Enforcement and Education- can help manage the on-
street supply and free spaces for short term parkers.
 Park and Ride facility

It is traffic control system in which motorists are encouraged

/sometimes forced to park their car at selected locations usually
at the periphery of the central area and then use the public
transport to travel to their destination and come back again.
It is very effective for large city.

It has potential to make public transport popular, to reduce

demand for parking space, to reduce traffic volume
 8. Distance–based Pricing

 Distance-Based Pricing (also called Pay-As-You-

Drive, Mileage-Based and Per-Mile pricing) means
that vehicle charges are based on how much a
vehicle is driven, so the more you drive the more
you pay and the less you drive the more you save.
 Such fees tend to be more economically efficient
and fair than existing pricing practices.
 Converting fixed costs into distance-based charges
gives motorists a new opportunity to save money
when they reduce their mileage.
 8. Distance–based Pricing

To implement this technique:

 Odometer readings are collected by certified
odometer auditors, usually during scheduled
maintenance
 Vehicle operating hours are recorded by a small
instrument installed in each vehicle.
 An electronic system in each vehicle tracks
mileage.
 8. Distance–based Pricing

Benefits:
 Increased fairness
 Increased affordability
 Consumer savings
 Reduced vehicle travel
 Increased safety
 Emission reduction
 8. Distance–based Pricing

 The European Union has plans to convert existing

fixed road hauling charges into distance-based fees
by 2010.
 The Progressive Insurance Company introduced its
Autograph vehicle insurance coverage, a form of
distance-based insurance in the state of Texas in
1999.
 This uses GPS to track vehicle location. This
program has been successful, and Progressive is
planning to expand it into other markets
 9. Car-Free Planning

Car-Free Planning involves designing particular areas for minimal

automobile use, as follows:
 Developing urban districts (such as a downtown or residential
neighborhood) where personal automobiles are unnecessary
and automobile traffic is restricted.
 Housing developments where residents are discouraged from
owning private cars.
 Pedestrian-oriented commercial streets where driving is
discouraged or prohibited.
 Resorts and parks that encourage or require non-automotive
access.
 Car-free days.
 9. Car-Free Planning

 Car-Free Planning tends to be most feasible and accepted in

urban areas with good travel alternatives (transit, cycling and
walking) and peripheral automobile parking.
 9. Car-Free Planning

Bogota Car Free Day

 The city of Bogota, Columbia first established an official “Car
Free Day” on February 24th, 2000. This was one of the first
Car Free days organized in a developing country. The event
was successful and highly popular, and as a result the
organizers won the prestigious Stockholm Challenge Award..
Bogota Car Free Day
 9. Car-Free Planning

European Car Free Day

Ten local authorities in Britain, including five London
boroughs (Camden, Lambeth, Merton, Southwark and
Sutton) participated in European Car Free Day “In
Town, Without My Car!” on 22nd September 2000,
closing town centre streets to motor traffic.
European Car Free Day was intended to give people
the opportunity to experience the benefits that traffic
reduction can bring to their own town and city centers.
European Car Free Day
 10. Smart Growth-- Examples

 Smart growth (also called New Urbanism and

Location Efficient Development) is a general term for
policies that integrate transportation and land use
decisions, for example by encouraging more
Compact, mixed-use development within existing
urban areas, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-
friendly land use, including neighborhood schools,
complete streets and discouraging dispersed,
automobile dependent development at the urban
fringe.
 10. Smart Growth- Examples

 Smart Growth can help create more Accessible land use

patterns, improve Transport Options, create more Livable
communities, reduce public service costs and achieve other
Land Use Objectives.
 The term 'smart growth' is particularly used in North America.
In Europe and particularly the UK, the terms 'Compact City' or
'urban intensification' have often been used to describe similar
concepts, which have influenced government planning policies
in the UK, the Netherlands and several other European
countries.
Smart Growth- Examples
 Compact city

 The compact city or city of short distances is an urban

planning and urban design concept, which promotes
relatively high residential density with mixed land uses.
 It is based on an efficient public transport system and
has an urban layout which – according to its advocates –
encourages walking and cycling, low energy
consumption and reduced pollution.
 A large resident population provides opportunities for
social interaction as well as a feeling of safety in
numbers and 'eyes on the street
 10. Smart Growth-- Examples

Orlando Mileage-Based Development Charges

The City of Orlando, Florida uses a mileage
based formula based on a factor which is the
product of number of trip generation and
average trip distance to charge developers for
their traffic impacts.
This recognizes the travel reduction benefits of
more accessible locations
 True Housing Affordability

An “affordable” home is one that:

 Is located close to transit, shopping, schools and employment,
so households can reduce the number of vehicles they must
own (for example, owning one rather than two cars), and the
miles they must drive. This can save $2,000 - $5,000 per year
in vehicle ownership and operating costs.
 Has a high level of energy efficiency built into it. This may
cost more up front, but can save $500 - $1000 per year.
 Is surrounded by neighbors who you get to know, will want
to interact with, and will share child-care with. The last of
these can save $500 - $1,000 per year during early childhood
years.
 10. Smart Growth-- Examples

Portland Region
The Portland, Oregon region is implementing
numerous Smart Growth measures, multi-modal
transportation and incentives for higher-density
development.
The Region has shifted transportation investment
funds away from highway capacity expansion into rail
development, with supportive land use policies to
create transit-oriented development.
 Transportation System Management
Supply Side

 The TSM strategies on the supply side (i.e.,

changing the facility itself) can be classified into
the following categories:
 Creating efficient use of road space, and
 Providing and improving transit services.
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

The actions in this group are intended to improve the

flow of traffic, usually without altering the total
number of vehicles that use the roadway during an
average day
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

Techniques used include:

1. Traffic operations improvements
2. Traffic signalization improvements
3. Improvements for pedestrians and bicycles
4. Special roadway designations (priorities in roadway
assignments, for example, HOV lanes)
5. Parking management
6. Intermodal coordination..
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

1. Traffic operations improvements

 Widening intersections
 Creating one-way streets
 Installing separate lanes for right and left turns, and
 Restricting turning movements (especially right turns)
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

2. Traffic Signalization Improvements

 Physically improving local intersections
 Coordinating signal timing for arterial roadways
 Computerizing area-wide signal coordination in
downtown grid networks
 Television monitoring of traffic
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

3.Improvements for Pedestrians and Bicycles

 Widening sidewalks
 Providing lighting, benches, and pedestrian malls
 Building grade separations (underpasses or overpasses)
 Building bikeways, and
 Installing pedestrian controls at intersections
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

4. Special Roadway Designations

 Reserving the curb lane of an arterial for buses only
 Reserving an entire street, usually in the CBD, for the
exclusive use of buses
 Reserving a lane in the opposite direction of traffic (contra-
flow lane) when traffic is heavy in one direction and light
in the other direction
 Providing bus or carpool lanes on freeways (referred to as
diamond lanes)
 Permitting use of highway shoulders during peak
 TSM Actions
-Supply Side (Efficient Use of Road Space)
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

5. Parking Management
 Curb parking restrictions to reduce the amount of on
street parking
 Off-street parking restrictions, such as pricing
differentials to discourage all-day parking, the elimination
of free parking, and parking subsidies
 Preferential parking for carpools and vanpools to serve
as an incentive for ridesharing
 Parking rate charges designed to encourage ridesharing
or to limit vehicular traffic
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Efficient Use of Road Space)

6. Intermodal Coordination
 The travelers often change modes at some point.
 Therefore, coordination between modes must be
considered, including improvements between transit,
carpools, autos, walking, and bicycles.
 Many possibilities exist for intermodal such as
 Park-and-ride facilities to assist the transfer between autos and
rail or bus transit, and
 Transit interface improvements that simplify the transfer
between modes by eliminating fare collection or locating bus
stops to minimize walking.
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Providing and Improving Transit services)

 The principal goal of TSM is to reduce traffic

congestion.
 If economical, reliable, and fast transit service is
available, it is likely that some auto users will switch
to transit service.
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Providing and Improving Transit services)

Techniques used to improve transit include:

 Express bus service
 Shuttle bus services from fringe parking areas to downtown
 Internal circulation in low-density areas
 Improved flexibility in route scheduling and dispatching
 Simplified fare collection procedures
 Park-and-ride facilities
 Shelters
 Bus stop signs
 Bus fleet modernization, and
 Improved passenger information services.
 TSM Measures
Supply Side- (Providing and Improving Transit services)

Techniques used to improve transit include:

 Express bus service
 Shuttle bus services from fringe parking areas to downtown
 Internal circulation in low-density areas
 Improved flexibility in route scheduling and dispatching
 Simplified fare collection procedures
 Park-and-ride facilities
 Shelters
 Bus stop signs
 Bus fleet modernization, and
 Improved passenger information services.
 Objective

 To improve overall roadway capacity

 To ensure safety
 Minimize conflicts between both vehicle-vehicle and
vehicle-pedestrian
The capacity of a roadway is defined as the maximum
number of vehicles that can pass a point on a roadway
per hour.
Traffic management is the planning, monitoring
and control or influencing of traffic.

Traffic Management is the practice of managing the

existing traffic environment to allow contractors to
perform work duties safely without the possibility
of incident or injury through conflict with traffic
flows.
 Introduce the Basic Elements of Work
Zone Traffic Control
 Develop a working knowledge
 Develop Traffic Control Supervisor
skills including:
 Planning
 Installing
 Monitoring
 Modifying and Removing
 Maximize the effectiveness of the use of existing infrastructure;
 Ensure reliable and safe operation of transport;
 Address environmental goals
 Ensure fair allocation of infrastructure space (road space, rail slots, etc.)
among competing users.
 Best utilization of traffic routes
 Increase of traffic safety
 Minimization of adverse impacts
 Decrease of travel times
 Reduction of congestion and minimization of environmental damage
 Useful pre and on-trip information
 Improve mobility and energy efficiencies
 Enhance economic productivity from reduced travel times
1) DCC -Dhaka City Corporation
2)RAJUK - Rajdhani Unnayan Kortripakkha
3) RHD - Roads and High Ways,
4) BRTA - Bangladesh Road Transportation
Authority
5) BRTC - Bangladesh Road Transport
Corporation
6) DTCB - Dhaka Transport Coordination Board
7) DMP - Dhaka Metropolitan Police, etc.
 Saving Time
 Avoid Accident
 Elimination of traffic jam
 Comfortable journey
 Why traffic management
fails?
Problem of road accidents costing the
community in the order of US$ 800
million (nearly 2% of GDP)
Moreover there have also some
major problems such as
a. Lack of Manpower b
b. Lack of Co-ordination c.
c. Lack of Funding d
d. Corruption etc each year
 Why traffic management
fails?
 Road network in Dhaka
city is not organize and
are unplanned which
creates serious traffic
management damage.
 Why traffic management
fails?
 Improper sight
distance may occur
congestion at
junction and also
create serious road
accident
 Modern traffic control
system and traffic control
diagram.
 Traffic Congestion
 Accident
 Time Waste
 Property Losses
 Sound Pollution
 Air Pollution