SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd

Project: Parc Clematis

Job No 2002
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formworks
Design by: SCC
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 24 KN/m3
Height of column, H= 2100 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I = 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 0 mm = 0.00 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above base = 300 mm = 0.30 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 0 mm = 0.00 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1200 mm = 1.20 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 1800 mm = 1.80 m
Level of base = 2100 mm = 2.10 m

Max Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) Pupper = 0.00 Ptie rod = 0 Plower = 7.20 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) Pupper = 7.20 Ptie rod = 14.4 Plower = 21.60 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) Pupper = 21.60 Ptie rod = 28.8 Plower = 36.00 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (4th tie rod) Pupper = 36.00 Ptie rod = 43.2 Plower = 50.40 KN/m2

Avg Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) P= 3.60 KN/m2 = 1 kN

Avg Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) P= 14.40 KN/m2 = 5 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) P= 28.80 KN/m2 = 10 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (4th tie rod) P= 43.20 KN/m2 = 16 kN
Check tie rod capacity
Propsed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, F= 15.6 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.2 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 25.9 KN/m
Bending moment, M = q*L2/8
= 1.2 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 300 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 30.2 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M = q*L2/2
= 1.4 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 5.7 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop

Width of column, = 4150 mm
Length of column, = 4150 mm
Load distrobution, = 2 way
Total weight of concrete column, = 868.0 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 2.2 KN (consider 1% of vertical force)
Number of props, = 4
Compression force on upper prop, = 0.8 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plan)
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN
Factor of safety, = 16.9 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop (axial compression buckling resistance)

Prop outer diameter = 48.3 mm
Prop thickness = 3.25 mm
Prop area = 460 mm2
Prop length = 3.1 m
Yield strength = 275 N/mm2
Elastic modulus of steel = 205000 N/mm2
Radius of gyration i = 1.6 cm
Coefficient lamda 1 = 86
Coefficient lamda = 193
Coefficient lamda cap = 2.3
Imperfection factor = 0.49
Coefficient theta = 3.5
Coefficient X = 0.16
Axial Comp Buckling Resistance = 20.2 KN
Factor of safety, = 26.3 ok!

Rebar Embedment Depth

Lateral force per prop, = 0.54 kN
SPT-N of soil, = 2
Skin friction of soil, = 4 kN/m2
Number of rebar, = 2
Diameter of rebar, = 25 mm
Embedment depth, = 300 mm
Area per rebar, = 147262.2 mm2
Total pull out capacity, = 1.18 kN
Factor of safety, = 2.2 ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Parc Clematis
Job No 2002
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formworks
Design by: SCC
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 24 KN/m3
Height of column, H= 2100 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 16 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 201.1 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 100 mm = 0.10 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 1100 mm = 1.10 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above base = 300 mm = 0.30 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 100 mm = 0.10 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1200 mm = 1.20 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1800 mm = 1.80 m
Level of base = 2100 mm = 2.10 m

Max Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) Pupper = 0 Ptie rod = 2.4 Plower = 15.60 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) Pupper = 15.6 Ptie rod = 28.8 Plower = 36.00 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) Pupper = 36 Ptie rod = 43.2 Plower = 50.40 KN/m2

Avg Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) P= 7.8 KN/m2 = 4 kN

Avg Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) P= 25.8 KN/m2 = 19 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) P= 43.2 KN/m2 = 23 kN

Check tie rod capacity

Propsed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 887.5 mm
Total force on single tie rod, F= 23.0 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 640 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 557 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 111.9 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 4.9 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 1100 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 25.6 KN/m
Bending moment, M = q*L2/8
= 3.9 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 38.3 KN/m
Bending moment, M = q*L2/8
= 1.7 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 300 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 44.7 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M = q*L2/2
= 2.0 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.0 ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Parc Clematis
Job No 2002
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formworks
Design by: SCC
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 24 KN/m3
Height of column, H= 2400 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 16 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 201.1 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 150 mm = 0.15 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above base = 300 mm = 0.30 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 150 mm = 0.15 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 900 mm = 0.90 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1500 mm = 1.50 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2100 mm = 2.10 m
Level of base = 2400 mm = 2.40 m

Max Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) P= 6.3 KN/m2 = 3 kN

Max Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) P= 20.7 KN/m2 = 12 kN
Max Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) P= 36 KN/m 2
= 19 kN
Max Horizontal Force (4th tie rod) P= 50.4 KN/m 2
= 27 kN
Check tie rod capacity
Propsed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 887.5 mm
Total force on single tie rod, F= 26.8 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 640 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 557 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 111.9 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 4.2 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Span, L= 890 mm
RHS Span (cantilever) L1 = 300 mm
Uniform Loading on the RHS, q= 30.2 KN/m
Bending moment, M = q*L2/8
= 3.0 KN.m
Bending moment (cantilever), M = q*L /2
2

= 1.4 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.6 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop

Width of column = 1200 mm
Length of column = 1200 mm
Total weight of concrete column, = 82.9 KN
Horizontal force on prop, = 1.7 KN (consider 2% of vertical force)
Compression force on upper prop, = 2.3 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plan)
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN ok!

Check bolt joint at ground

Shear force at joint, = 1.7 KN
M12 grade 8.8 bolt shear capacity, = 13.8 KN
Factor of safety, = 8.3 ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Gombak Drive
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formworks
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 KN/m3
Height of column, H= 2600 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 13 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 132.7 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I = 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 100 mm = 0.10 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 900 mm = 0.90 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 100 mm = 0.10 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1000 mm = 1.00 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1750 mm = 1.75 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2350 mm = 2.35 m
Level of base = 2600 mm = 2.60 m

Max Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) Pupper = 0.00 Ptie rod = 2.6 Plower = 14.30 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) Pupper = 14.30 Ptie rod = 26 Plower = 35.75 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) Pupper = 35.75 Ptie rod = 45.5 Plower = 53.30 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (4th tie rod) Pupper = 53.30 Ptie rod = 61.1 Plower = 67.60 KN/m2

Avg Horizontal Force (1st tie rod) P= 7.15 KN/m2 = 3 kN

Avg Horizontal Force (2nd tie rod) P= 25.03 KN/m 2
= 15 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (3rd tie rod) P= 44.53 KN/m 2
= 23 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (4th tie rod) P= 60.45 KN/m 2
= 25 kN
Check tie rod capacity
Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 750 mm
Total force on single tie rod, F= 28.8 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 57.7 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.0 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 750 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 45.8 KN/m
Bending moment, M = q*L2/8
= 3.2 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 250 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 50.7 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M = q*L2/2
= 1.6 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.4 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st prop = 100 mm = 0.10 m
Spacing above 2nd prop = 900 mm = 0.90 m
Spacing above 3rd prop = 1350 mm = 1.35 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st prop = 100 mm = 0.10 m

Level of 2nd prop = 1000 mm = 1.00 m
Level of 3rd prop = 2350 mm = 2.35 m
Level of base = 2600 mm = 2.60 m

Max Horizontal Force (1st prop) Pupper = 0.00 Ptie rod = 2.6 Plower = 14.30 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (2nd prop) Pupper = 14.30 Ptie rod = 26 Plower = 43.55 KN/m2
Max Horizontal Force (3rd prop) Pupper = 43.55 Ptie rod = 61.1 Plower = 67.60 KN/m2

Avg Horizontal Force (1st prop) P= 7.15 KN/m2 = 3 kN

Avg Horizontal Force (2nd prop) P= 28.93 KN/m2 = 24 kN
Avg Horizontal Force (3rd prop) P= 55.58 KN/m2 = 39 kN

Total force on single prop, F= 54.5 KN

Compression force on single prop, = 54.5 KN
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN
Factor of safety, = 0.2 Re-check!
Check of Push-pull Prop
Width of column, = 14600 mm
Length of column, = 39113 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete column, = 38603.0 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 193.0 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Number of props, = 52
Compression force on upper prop, = 5.2 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plane)
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN
Factor of safety, = 2.5 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop (axial compression buckling resistance)

Prop outer diameter = 48.3 mm
Prop thickness = 3.25 mm
Prop area = 460 mm2
Prop length = 3.5 m
Yield strength = 275 N/mm2
Elastic modulus of steel = 205000 N/mm2
Radius of gyration i = 1.6 cm
Coefficient lamda 1 = 86
Coefficient lamda = 219
Coefficient lamda cap = 2.6
Imperfection factor = 0.49
Coefficient theta = 4.3
Coefficient X = 0.13
Axial Comp Buckling Resistance = 16.1 KN
Factor of safety, = 3.1 ok!

Check bolt joint at ground

Shear force at joint, = 3.7 KN
M12 grade 8.8 bolt shear capacity, = 13.8 KN
Factor of safety, = 3.7 ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Lifting hook for metal formwork panel
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures

Design Information
Density of steel = 7850 kg/m3

Area of 600x300mm panel = 0.279 mm2

Thickness of steel plate = 2.75 mm
Volume of 300x600mm panel = 7.67E-04 m3
Weight of 300x600mm panel = 6.02 kg

Weight of panel per m2 = 33.46 kg/m2

Max. Size of panel to be hoisted = 2700 mm x 6000 mm

Area of panel = 16.2 m2
Weight of panel = 542.06 kg
= 5.42 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Total Design load = 10.8 kN
Number of pins/shackle = 2
Design load per pin/ shackle = 5.4 kN

Plate Properties
Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 600 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.75 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 24 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 290 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25
Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members
Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8

Hole diameter, do = 13 mm Table 3.9

a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 12.4 mm < proposed a,OK

c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 8.1 mm < proposed c,OK

Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 132.7 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 119.5 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 216 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 23.5 kN Ok!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 14.21 kN Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_43PC1A
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2900 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 700 mm = 0.70 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above 6th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1050 mm = 1.05 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1650 mm = 1.65 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2050 mm = 2.05 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2350 mm = 2.35 m
Level of 6th tie rod = 2650 mm = 2.65 m
Level of base = 2900 mm = 2.90 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 9.1 KN/m2 Plower = 18.20 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 18.20 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 27.3 KN/m2 Plower = 35.10 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 35.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 42.9 KN/m2 Plower = 48.10 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 48.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 53.3 KN/m2 Plower = 57.20 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 57.20 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 61.1 KN/m2 Plower = 65.00 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 65.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 68.9 KN/m2 Plower = 72.15 KN/m2
(6th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 9.10 KN/m2 = 4 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 26.65 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 41.60 KN/m2 = 12 kN
(3rd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 52.65 KN/m2 = 11 kN
(4th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 61.10 KN/m2 = 15 kN
(5th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 68.57 KN/m2 = 6 kN
(6th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, Horizontal = 15 KN
Total force on single tie rod, inclined F= 16.9 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.02 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 700 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 36.7 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 2.2 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 350 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 39.0 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 2.4 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 3.2 ok!
Load on GI Pipe
Width of pile cap, = 2570 mm
Length of pile cap, = 6000 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete pile cap, = 1162.7 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 9.7 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 1200 mm
Number of props, = 6
Compression force on upper prop, = 1.6 KN
Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 2.5mm
Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 2.5 mm
Area of pipe A = 360.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm

2

Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm (t<16mm)

2

Second moment of area (inertia) I = 94600 mm

4

Radius of Gyration r = 16.2 mm

Elastic section modulus z = 3920 mm
3

Plastic section modulus S = 5250 mm

3

Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 1.6 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 19.32 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 99 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 865 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 255.8 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 0.62
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 0.62
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 0.74
Reduction factor, x = 0.88
Nb,RD = 87.2 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 54.0 > 2 ok!
Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip and Pin details during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be
maximum.
Length of one panel 300 mm
=
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.9 m
Max. lateral concrete pressure = 75.4 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete pressure = 11.3 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 1.7 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 3.4 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 1.7 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 1.7 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 1.7 kN, OK
Plate Properties
Steel Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 150 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13.8 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, f y fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, f u fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy) + 2*do/3 = 10.5 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy) + do/3 = 5.9 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13.8 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 149.6 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 134.6 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 258 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 26.5 kN > 1.7 kN, OK!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 13.44 kN > 1.7 kN, OK!

Checking of formwork panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.75 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 625 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.0 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 153.1 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.9 m
Max. horizontal force = 75.4 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete weight = 11.3 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.7 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 3.4 kN < 153.13kN, Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.3 kNm < 1kN, Ok!
Checking of Perimeter rail
Horizontal point load = 0.5 kN
Spacing of vertical member = 2m
shear force at support rail = w/2 = 0.25 kN
Max. bending moment = wl/4 = 0.25 kNm
Plastic modulus of 48.3mm GI pipe = 5250 mm3
Bending moment resistant of 48.3mm GI Pipe = 1.44 kNm
Factor of safety, FOS = 5.78 > 2 ok!

Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm

Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 0.5 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 0.5 kN, OK
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_2PC1D_with slope excavation
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2300 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1350 mm = 1.35 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1750 mm = 1.75 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2050 mm = 2.05 m
Level of base = 2300 mm = 2.30 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 15.6 KN/m2 Plower = 25.35 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 25.35 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 35.1 KN/m2 Plower = 40.30 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 40.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 45.5 KN/m2 Plower = 49.40 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 49.40 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 53.3 KN/m2 Plower = 59.80 KN/m2
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 12.67 KN/m2 = 9 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 32.83 KN/m2 = 14 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 44.85 KN/m2 = 12 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 54.60 KN/m2 = 16 kN
(4th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 750 mm
Total force on single tie rod, Horizontal = 16 KN
Total force on single tie rod, inclined F= 18.9 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 1.8 Re-check!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 750 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 40.0 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 2.8 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 250 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 44.8 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 1.4 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.8 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop_(Part 1)

Width of pile cap, = 14600 mm
Length of pile cap, = 12564 mm
Load distribution, = 2 way
Total weight of concrete column, = 10969.4 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 45.7 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Number of props, = 17
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.8 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plane)
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN
Factor of safety, = 3.4 ok!
Check of Push-pull Prop_(Part 2)
Width of column, = 14600 mm
Length of column, = 26604 mm
Load distribution, = 2 way
Total weight of concrete column, = 23227.4 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 96.8 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Number of props, = 36
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.8 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plane)
Capacity of Prop, = 13 KN
Factor of safety, = 3.4 ok!

Check of Push-pull Prop (axial compression buckling resistance)

Prop outer diameter = 48.3 mm
Prop thickness = 3.25 mm
Prop area = 460 mm2
Prop length = 3.5 m
Yield strength = 275 N/mm2
Elastic modulus of steel = 205000 N/mm2
Radius of gyration i = 1.6 cm
Coefficient lamda 1 = 86
Coefficient lamda = 219
Coefficient lamda cap = 2.6
Imperfection factor = 0.49
Coefficient theta = 4.3
Coefficient X = 0.13
Axial Comp Buckling Resistance = 16.1 KN
Factor of safety, = 4.2 ok!

Check bolt joint at ground

Shear force at joint, = 2.7 KN
M12 grade 8.8 bolt shear capacity, = 13.8 KN
Factor of safety, = 5.1 ok!

Check tie rod and bottom rebar welding

Force at connection = 18.9 kN
Welding length = 100 mm
Load per Unit length of weld, Fw,Ed = 0.19 kN/mm 𝐹𝑊,𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝐹𝑊,𝑅𝑑

Fillet Weld 𝐹𝑊,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑓𝑣𝑤,𝑑

Steel grade = 500 N/mm 2

Steel Material Factor gM2 = 1.25 𝑓𝑢 Τ√3

𝑓𝑣𝑤,𝑑 =
Correlation Factor = 1.00 𝛽𝑤 𝛾𝑀2
βw
Ultimate Tensile Strength, fu = 500 N/mm2
Weld thickness = 3 mm
Effective Throat Thickness = 2.12 mm
Design Weld Resistance fvw,d=fu/30.5/βw/gM2 = 230.94 N/mm
2

Design Resistance per unit length of Weld, F w,Rd = 0.49 kN/mm > Fw,Ed, Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_2PC2A-2_With slope excavation
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2900 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 800 mm = 0.80 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 500 mm = 0.50 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above 6th tie rod = 250 mm = 0.25 m
Spacing above base = 300 mm = 0.30 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1200 mm = 1.20 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1700 mm = 1.70 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2050 mm = 2.05 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2350 mm = 2.35 m
Level of 6th tie rod = 2600 mm = 2.60 m
Level of base = 2900 mm = 2.90 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 10.4 KN/m2 Plower = 20.80 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 10.40 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 31.2 KN/m2 Plower = 37.70 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 31.20 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 44.2 KN/m2 Plower = 48.75 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 44.20 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 53.3 KN/m2 Plower = 57.20 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 53.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 61.1 KN/m2 Plower = 64.35 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 61.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 67.6 KN/m2 Plower = 71.50 KN/m2
(6th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 10.40 KN/m2 = 5 kN
(1st tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 24.05 KN/m2 = 15 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 39.98 KN/m2 = 16 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 50.70 KN/m2 = 15 kN
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 58.83 KN/m2 = 15 kN
(5th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 66.30 KN/m2 = 16 kN
(6th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, Horizontal = 16 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.11 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 36.7 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 1.6 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 400 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 38.6 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 3.1 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.5 ok!

Load on GI Pipe
Width of pile cap, = 2570 mm
Length of pile cap, = 6000 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete pile cap, = 1162.7 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 14.5 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 1200 mm
Number of props, = 6
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.4 KN (consider 45o to horizontal plane)
Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 2.5mm
Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 2.5 mm
Area of pipe A = 360.0 mm2
Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm2
Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm2 (t<16mm)
Second moment of area (inertia) I = 94600 mm4
Radius of Gyration r = 16.2 mm
Elastic section modulus z = 3920 mm3
Plastic section modulus S = 5250 mm3
Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 3.4 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 19.32 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 99 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 3900 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 12.6 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 2.80
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 2.81
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 4.71
Reduction factor, x = 0.12
Nb,RD = 11.7 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 3.4 > 2 ok!

Rebar Embedment Depth

Lateral force per prop, = 2.42 kN
SPT-N of soil, = 100
Skin friction of soil, = 250 kN/m2
Number of rebar, = 1
Diameter of rebar, = 10 mm
Embedment depth, = 250 mm
Area per rebar, = 19634.95 mm2
Total pull out capacity, = 4.91 kN
Factor of safety, = 2.0 ok!

Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip and Pin details during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be
maximum.
Length of one panel 300 mm
=
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.9 m
Max. lateral concrete pressure = 75.4 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete pressure = 11.3 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 1.7 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 3.4 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 1.7 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 1.7 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 1.7 kN, OK
Plate Properties
Steel Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 150 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13.8 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 10.5 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 5.9 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13.8 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 149.6 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 134.6 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 258 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 26.5 kN > 1.7 kN, OK!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 13.44 kN > 1.7 kN, OK!

Checking of formwork panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.75 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 625 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.0 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 153.1 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.9 m
Max. horizontal force = 75.4 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete weight = 11.3 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.7 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 3.4 kN < 153.13kN, Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.3 kNm < 1kN, Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Aluminium skin wall Formwork
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 4900 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 15 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 176.7 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 3.0 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 17942 mm3
Section area A= 714 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 553279 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 550 mm = 0.55 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 6th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 7th tie rod = 600 mm = 0.60 m
Spacing above 8th tie rod = 500 mm = 0.50 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 550 mm = 0.55 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1150 mm = 1.15 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1750 mm = 1.75 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 2350 mm = 2.35 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2950 mm = 2.95 m
Level of 6th tie rod = 3550 mm = 3.55 m
Level of 7th tie rod = 4150 mm = 4.15 m
Level of 8th tie rod = 4650 mm = 4.65 m
Level of base = 4900 mm = 4.90 m
Max Horizontal Force
Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 14.3 KN/m2 Plower = 22.10 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force 22.10 KN/m2 29.9 KN/m2 37.70 KN/m2

Pupper = Ptie rod = Plower =
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force 37.70 KN/m2 45.5 KN/m2 53.30 KN/m2

Pupper = Ptie rod = Plower =
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 53.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 61.1 KN/m2 Plower = 68.90 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 68.90 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 76.7 KN/m2 Plower = 84.50 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 84.50 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 92.3 KN/m2 Plower = 100.10 KN/m2
(6th tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force 100.10 KN/m2 107.9 KN/m2 114.40 KN/m2

Pupper = Ptie rod = Plower =
(7th tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 114.40 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 120.9 KN/m2 Plower = 127.40 KN/m2
(8th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 11.05 KN/m2 = 6 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 29.90 KN/m2 = 11 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 45.50 KN/m2 = 16 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force P= 61.10 KN/m2 = 22 kN
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force P= 76.70 KN/m2 = 28 kN
(5th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force P= 92.30 KN/m2 = 33 kN
(6th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force P= 107.25 KN/m2 = 35 kN
(7th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force P= 120.90 KN/m2 = 36 kN
(8th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, Horizontal = 36 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 76.8 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.12 ok!
Check RHS at side of formwork
Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 72.5 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 3.3 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 300 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 76.4 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= qL2/2
= 3.4 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 17942 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 9.9 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.9 ok!

Load on GI Pipe
Width of skin wall, = 300 mm
Length of skin wall, = 5100 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete skin wall, = 194.9 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 1.6 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 4300 mm
Number of props, = 2
Compression force on upper prop, = 1.8 KN (consider 65o to horizontal plane)

Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 3.25mm

Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 3.25 mm
Area of pipe A = 460.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm

2

Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm (t<16mm)

2

Second moment of area (inertia) I = 117296 mm

4

Radius of Gyration r = 15.97 mm

Elastic section modulus z = 4856.96 mm
3

Plastic section modulus S = 6607.33 mm

3

Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 1.8 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 14.861538 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 126.4912 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 4500 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 11.7 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 3.29
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 3.29
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 6.22
Reduction factor, x = 0.09
Nb,RD = 11.0 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 6.3 > 2 ok!

Check bolt joint at ground

Shear force at joint, = 1.8 KN
M16 bolt shear capacity, = 13.8 KN
Factor of safety, = 7.8 > 2 ok!

Checking of aluminium formwork panel during concreting

WALL PANEL 600mmx2450mm
Material property:

Alumn alloy = 6061-T6

69600 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity, E =
Tension, Ftu = 260 N/mm
2

240 N/mm
2
Fty =

240 N/mm
2
Compression, Fcy =
165 N/mm
2
Shear, Fsu =
138 N/mm
2
Fsy =

Section property per linear "mm":

1063.91 mm
2
A =
380000 mm
4
Ix =
= 2870000 mm
4
Iy
27000 mm
3
Zx-top =
ix = 18.89 mm
iy = 51.97 mm

Partial width, b = 500 mm

Force, w = 60.45 kN/m
span = 600 mm

Ms = w l2 /8
= 2.7 kNm

Vs = w x l/2
= 18.1 kN

Allowable bending tension stress:

fb,t = M / Zt
100.8 N/mm
2
=

Fb,t = 1.30 * Fty / ny

189.1 N/mm
2
=

fb,t / Fb,t = 0.53 < 1 ok!

SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: C886
Job No 2401
Subject: Design of Conventional Metal Formwork for Drainage Wall
Design by: JN
Checked by: LJJ
Path: -

Design Criteria
Code of Practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork
CP7:1978 Singapore Standard

Design Information
Unit Weight of Concrete, γc = 26 kN/m3 (including reinforcement)
Height of Concrete, H= 3450 mm
Tie Rod Diameter, d= 12 mm
Tie Rod Cross-Sectional Area, A= 113.1 mm2
205000 N/mm
2
Steel Grade 275 Young Modulus, Es =

RHS Information
Outer Width, b= 50 mm
Outer Depth, h= 75 mm
Thickness, t= 3.0 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl = 17942 mm3
Sectional Area, A= 714 mm2
Second Moment of Area (Inertia), I= 553279 mm4

Design Calculation
Loading Computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 200 mm = 0.20 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 750 mm = 0.75 m
Spacing above base = 300 mm = 0.30 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 200 mm = 0.20 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 950 mm = 0.95 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1700 mm = 1.70 m
Level of base = 2000 mm = 2.00 m
Max Horizontal Pressure
Pupper = 0.00 kN/m2 Ptie rod = 5.20 kN/m2 Plower = 14.95 kN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Pressure

Pupper = 14.95 kN/m2 Ptie rod = 24.70 kN/m2 Plower = 34.45 kN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Pressure

Pupper = 34.45 kN/m2 Ptie rod = 44.20 kN/m2 Plower = 48.10 kN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

F= 7.48 kN/m2 = 3.22 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

F= 24.70 kN/m2 = 13.89 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

F= 41.27 kN/m2 = 16.25 kN
(3rd tie rod)

Check Tie Rod Capacity

Proposed Tie Rod,
Number of Tie Rod, n= 1 nos
Horizontal Spacing, h= 750 mm
Max. Horizontal Force on Single Tie Rod, FH = 16 kN
Yield Strength of Tie Rod, fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel Material Factor, γs = 1.15
Design Strength of Tie Rod, fy,d = fy / γs fy,d = 435 N/mm2
Ultimate Capacity of Tie Rod, W = f y,d / A W= 49.2 kN
Factor of Safety, FOS = W / F H FOS = 3.03 > 2 OK!

Check Double RHS (Vertical)

Yield Strength, S275 Material fy = 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span to Span Spacing, L= 750 mm
Maximum moment happen at 3rd tie rod,
Convert Trapezoidal Pressure to Rectangular Pressure,

1 1
2 2
Triangle Pressure from 1.325m to 2.0m, σh ' = 4.61 kN/m2
Total Rectangle Pressure, σh ' = 39.06 kN/m2
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 29.3 kN/m
RHS Vertical Span, L1 = 500 mm
Bending Moment, M = q.L12 / 8 M= 0.92 kN.m
RHS Vertical Span (Cantilever), L2 = 300 mm
Bending Moment (Cantilever), M = q.L / 2
2
2
M= 1.32 kN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl = 17942 mm3
Bending Moment Resistant, MRd = 2.Wpl.fy / γmo MRd = 4.93 kN.m
Factor of Safety, FOS = MRd / M FOS = 3.7 > 2 OK!

Check Single RHS (Horizontal)

Yield Strength, S275 Material fy = 275 N/mm2
RHS Horizontal Span to Span Spacing, L= 500 mm
Maximum moment happen at 6th tie rod,
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 19.5 kN/m
RHS Horizontal Span, L1 = 750 mm
Bending Moment, M = q.L / 8 1
2
M= 1.37 kN.m
RHS Horizontal Span (Cantilever), L2 = 300 mm
Bending Moment (Cantilever), M = q.L / 2
2
2
M= 0.22 kN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl = 17942 mm3
Bending Moment Resistant, MRd = 2.Wpl.fy / γmo MRd = 9.87 kN.m
Factor of Safety, FOS = MRd / M FOS = 7.2 > 2 OK!

Loads on GI pipe (Longer Span Wall)

Width of Core Wall, w= 300 mm
Length of Core Wall, L= 11250 mm
Load Distribution, qd = 1 way
Total Weight of Core Wall Concrete, W= 302.7 kN
Horizontal Force on Prop, Fh = 2.5 kN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Number of Props, n= 16
Compression Force on Prop, Fc = 0.2 kN (consider 45o to horizontal plane)
Checking of 48mm GI pipe
Pipe Properties:
Diameter of Pipe, d= 48.3 mm
Thickness of Pipe, t= 3.25 mm
Area of Pipe, A= 460.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E= 205000 N/mm

2

Yield Strength, S275 Material fy = 275 N/mm (t < 16mm)

2

Second Moment of Area (Inertia), I= 117296 mm

4

Radius of Gyration, r= 15.97 mm

Elastic Section Modulus, Z= 4856.96 mm
3

Plastic Section Modulus, S= 6607.33 mm

3

Section Classification: Ɛ= 0.92

d/t = 14.86 < 55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is Class 1!
Resistance of Cross Section, NRd = A.fy / rmo NRd = 126.4912 kN

Buckling Resistance: Lcr = 2000 mm

Ncr = π2EI/Lcr2 Ncr = 59.3 kN
λ1 = π√E/fy λ1 = 85.8
λ.√(NRD/NCR) λ= 1.46
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/r/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 1.46
Use Buckling Curve a a= 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø= 1.70
Reduction Factor, x= 0.39
Resistance on Each Pipe, Nb,Rd = 49.3 kN
Compression Force on Prop, NEd,Out = 0.2 kN
Factor of Safety, FOS = Nb,Rd / NEd,Out FOS = 221.1 > 2 OK!

Checking of Plywood Formwork Panel During Concreting

Plywood Properties:
Plywood Thickness, tp = 18 mm
Plywood Density, ρp = 6.5 kN/m
3

Plywood Allowable Bending Stress, σa = 10 N/mm

2

Plywood Allowable Shear Stress, σall = 1.2 N/mm

2

Plywood Young's Modulus, Ep = 7000 N/mm

2

Loading computation:
Maximum Pressure, σh ' = 39.06 kN/m
2

Span, L= 0.25 m
Load per m Length w= 39.06 kN/m
Max. Bending Moment, M = w.L2 / 10 M= 0.244 kN.m
Max Shear Force, F = 0.5w.L F= 4.88 kN
Section Modulus Z = Bt2 / 6 Z= 54000 mm3
Second Moment of Area (Inertia), I = Bt p3 / 12 I= 486000 mm4
Number of plywood, n= 1 nos
Bending Stress, τ= 4.52 N/mm
2

Factor of Safety, FOS = σa / τ FOS = 2.21 > 2 OK!

Shear Stress, σ= 0.271 N/mm
2

Factor of Safety, FOS = σall / σ FOS = 4.42 > 2 OK!

SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_7PC1A
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2500 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 700 mm = 0.70 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 500 mm = 0.50 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1050 mm = 1.05 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1550 mm = 1.55 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 1950 mm = 1.95 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2250 mm = 2.25 m
Level of base = 2500 mm = 2.50 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 9.1 KN/m2 Plower = 18.20 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 9.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 27.3 KN/m2 Plower = 33.80 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 27.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 40.3 KN/m2 Plower = 45.50 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 40.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 50.7 KN/m2 Plower = 54.60 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 50.70 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 58.5 KN/m2 Plower = 61.75 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 9.10 KN/m2 = 4 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 21.45 KN/m2 = 8 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 36.40 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 47.45 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 56.22 KN/m2 = 13 kN
(5th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, Horizontal = 13 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.53 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 35.1 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 1.6 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 400 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 37.1 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 3.0 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.6 ok!

Load on GI Pipe
Width of pile cap, = 2100 mm
Length of pile cap, = 56360 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete pile cap, = 7693.1 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 64.1 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 1200 mm
Number of props, = 48
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.2 KN (consider 65o to horizontal plane)
Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 2.5mm
Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 2.5 mm
Area of pipe A = 360.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm

2

Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm (t<16mm)

2

Second moment of area (inertia) I = 94600 mm

4

Radius of Gyration r = 16.2 mm

Elastic section modulus z = 3920 mm
3

Plastic section modulus S = 5250 mm

3

Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 3.2 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 19.32 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 99 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 3500 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 15.6 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 2.52
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 2.52
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 3.92
Reduction factor, x = 0.14
Nb,RD = 14.3 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 4.5 > 2 ok!

Rebar Embedment Depth

Lateral force per prop, = 1.34 kN
SPT-N of soil, = 100
Skin friction of soil, = 250 kN/m2
Number of rebar, = 1
Diameter of rebar, = 10 mm
Embedment depth, = 200 mm
Area per rebar, = 15707.96 mm2
Total pull out capacity, = 3.93 kN
Factor of safety, = 2.9 ok!

Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip and Pin details during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be
maximum.
Length of one panel 300 mm
=
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.5 m
Max. lateral concrete pressure = 65.0 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete pressure = 9.8 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 2.9 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 1.5 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 1.5 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 1.5 kN, OK
Plate Properties
Steel Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 150 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13.8 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 10.3 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 5.7 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13.8 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 149.6 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 134.6 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 258 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 26.5 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 13.44 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!

Checking of formwork panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.75 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 625 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.0 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 153.1 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.5 m
Max. horizontal force = 65.0 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete weight = 9.8 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 2.9 kN < 153.13kN, Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.2 kNm < 1kN, Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_6PC1A
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2600 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 700 mm = 0.70 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 500 mm = 0.50 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1050 mm = 1.05 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1550 mm = 1.55 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 1950 mm = 1.95 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2250 mm = 2.25 m
Level of base = 2500 mm = 2.50 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 9.1 KN/m2 Plower = 18.20 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 9.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 27.3 KN/m2 Plower = 33.80 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 27.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 40.3 KN/m2 Plower = 45.50 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 40.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 50.7 KN/m2 Plower = 54.60 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 50.70 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 58.5 KN/m2 Plower = 61.75 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 9.10 KN/m2 = 4 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 21.45 KN/m2 = 8 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 36.40 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 47.45 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 56.22 KN/m2 = 13 kN
(5th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, inclined = 16 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.19 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 35.1 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 1.6 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 400 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 37.1 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 3.0 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.6 ok!

Load on GI Pipe
Width of pile cap, = 2100 mm
Length of pile cap, = 43735 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete pile cap, = 6208.6 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 51.7 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 1200 mm
Number of props, = 37
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.5 KN (consider 65o to horizontal plane)
Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 2.5mm
Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 2.5 mm
Area of pipe A = 360.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm

2

Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm (t<16mm)

2

Second moment of area (inertia) I = 94600 mm

4

Radius of Gyration r = 16.2 mm

Elastic section modulus z = 3920 mm
3

Plastic section modulus S = 5250 mm

3

Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 3.5 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 19.32 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 99 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 3500 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 15.6 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 2.52
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 2.52
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 3.92
Reduction factor, x = 0.14
Nb,RD = 14.3 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 4.0 > 2 ok!

Rebar Embedment Depth

Lateral force per prop, = 1.38 kN
SPT-N of soil, = 100
Skin friction of soil, = 250 kN/m2
Number of rebar, = 1
Diameter of rebar, = 10 mm
Embedment depth, = 200 mm
Area per rebar, = 15707.96 mm2
Total pull out capacity, = 3.93 kN
Factor of safety, = 2.8 ok!

Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip and Pin details during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be
maximum.
Length of one panel 300 mm
=
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.6 m
Max. lateral concrete pressure = 67.6 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete pressure = 10.1 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 3.0 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 1.5 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 1.5 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 1.5 kN, OK
Plate Properties
Steel Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 150 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13.8 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 10.4 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 5.8 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13.8 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 149.6 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 134.6 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 258 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 26.5 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 13.44 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!

Checking of formwork panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.75 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 625 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.0 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 153.1 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.6 m
Max. horizontal force = 67.6 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete weight = 10.1 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 3.0 kN < 153.13kN, Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.2 kNm < 1kN, Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No 2301
Subject: Design of Pilecap Formwork_7PC1A
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures
SS580 Design of Formwork

Design Information
Unit weight of concrete, γ= 26 kN/m3
Height of concrete, H= 2500 mm
Tie rod diameter, d= 10 mm
Tie rod cross area, A= 78.5 mm2

For a RHS,
Outer Width b= 50 mm
Outer Depth h= 75 mm
Thickness t= 2.3 mm
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Section area A= 554 mm2
Second moment of area (inertia) I= 437756 mm4

Loading computation
Spacing above 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m
Spacing above 2nd tie rod = 700 mm = 0.70 m
Spacing above 3rd tie rod = 500 mm = 0.50 m
Spacing above 4th tie rod = 400 mm = 0.40 m
Spacing above 5th tie rod = 300 mm = 0.30 m
Spacing above base = 250 mm = 0.25 m

Level of 1st tie rod = 350 mm = 0.35 m

Level of 2nd tie rod = 1050 mm = 1.05 m
Level of 3rd tie rod = 1550 mm = 1.55 m
Level of 4th tie rod = 1950 mm = 1.95 m
Level of 5th tie rod = 2250 mm = 2.25 m
Level of base = 2500 mm = 2.50 m

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 0.00 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 9.1 KN/m2 Plower = 18.20 KN/m2
(1st tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 9.10 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 27.3 KN/m2 Plower = 33.80 KN/m2
(2nd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 27.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 40.3 KN/m2 Plower = 45.50 KN/m2
(3rd tie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 40.30 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 50.7 KN/m2 Plower = 54.60 KN/m2
(4thtie rod)

Max Horizontal Force

Pupper = 50.70 KN/m2 Ptie rod = 58.5 KN/m2 Plower = 61.75 KN/m2
(5th tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 9.10 KN/m2 = 4 kN
(1st tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 21.45 KN/m2 = 8 kN
(2nd tie rod)

Avg Horizontal Force

P= 36.40 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(3rd tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 47.45 KN/m2 = 10 kN
(4th tie rod)
Avg Horizontal Force
P= 56.22 KN/m2 = 13 kN
(5th tie rod)

Check tie rod capacity

Proposed tie rod,
Number of tie rod, n= 1
Horizontal spacing, h= 600 mm
Total force on single tie rod, inclined = 16 KN
Yield Strength of Tie rod, Y= 500 N/mm2
Steel material factor, 1.15
Design Strength of Tie rod, Y= 435 N/mm2
Ultimate capacity of Tie rod, W= 34.1 KN
Factor of safety, f = W/F f= 2.19 ok!

Check RHS at side of formwork

Yield strength, S275 material y= 275 N/mm2
RHS Vertical Span, L= 600 mm
Max UDL on the RHS, q= 35.1 KN/m
Bending moment, M= q*L2/8
= 1.6 KN.m
RHS Vertical Span (cantilever) L1 = 400 mm
Max UDL on the RHS (cantilever), q= 37.1 KN/m
Bending moment (cantilever), M= q*L2/2
= 3.0 KN.m
Plastic Modulus, Wpl Wpl = 14060 mm3
Bending moment resistant, R = 2Wpl*fy/γmo
= 7.7 KN.m
Factor of safety, = R/M
= 2.6 ok!

Load on GI Pipe
Width of pile cap, = 2100 mm
Length of pile cap, = 56360 mm
Load distribution, = 1 way
Total weight of concrete pile cap, = 7693.1 KN
Horizontal force on props, = 64.1 KN (consider 2.5% of vertical force)
Spacing of props = 1200 mm
Number of props, = 48
Compression force on upper prop, = 3.2 KN (consider 65o to horizontal plane)
Checking of GI pipe 48.3 x 2.5mm
Pipe Property:
Diameter of pipe d = 48.3 mm
Thickness of pipe t = 2.5 mm
Area of pipe A = 360.0 mm
2

Young Modulus, E = 205000 N/mm

2

Yeild strength, S275 material fy = 275 N/mm (t<16mm)

2

Second moment of area (inertia) I = 94600 mm

4

Radius of Gyration r = 16.2 mm

Elastic section modulus z = 3920 mm
3

Plastic section modulus S = 5250 mm

3

Loading computation:
Loading on each pipe (unfactored) Ned = 3.2 KN
Section Classification: =
Ɛ = 0.92
d/t = 19.32 <55Ɛ2 = 47
Section is class 1!

Resistance of cross section Afy/rmo NRD = 99 KN

Buckling Resistance:
Lcr = 3500 mm
Ncr = pie^2EI/Lcr^2 Ncr = 15.6 KN
𝜆1=𝜋√𝐸/𝑓𝑦 λ1 = 85.8
λSqrt(NRD/NCR) λ = 2.52
𝜆 ̅= Lcr/i/λ1 𝜆 ̅ = 2.52
use buckling curve a a = 0.21
∅=0.5[1+𝛼(𝜆 ̅-0.2)+𝜆 ̅2 ] ø = 3.92
Reduction factor, x = 0.14
Nb,RD = 14.3 KN
Factor of safety F.O.S = 4.5 > 2 ok!

Rebar Embedment Depth

Lateral force per prop, = 1.34 kN
SPT-N of soil, = 100
Skin friction of soil, = 250 kN/m2
Number of rebar, = 1
Diameter of rebar, = 10 mm
Embedment depth, = 200 mm
Area per rebar, = 15707.96 mm2
Total pull out capacity, = 3.93 kN
Factor of safety, = 2.9 ok!

Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip and Pin details during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be
maximum.
Length of one panel 300 mm
=
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.5 m
Max. lateral concrete pressure = 65.0 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete pressure = 9.8 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 2.9 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 1.5 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
Cross sectional area of clip = 113.1 mm
2

Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2

Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 1.5 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 1.5 kN, OK
Plate Properties
Steel Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 150 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13.8 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 10.3 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 5.7 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13.8 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 149.6 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 134.6 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 258 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 26.5 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 13.44 kN > 1.5 kN, OK!

Checking of formwork panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.75 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 625 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.0 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 153.1 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.5 m
Max. horizontal force = 65.0 KN/m
2

Line load due to concrete weight = 9.8 kN/m

Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.5 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 2.9 kN < 153.13kN, Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.2 kNm < 1kN, Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No: 2301
Subject: Design checking of metal formwork panel and lifting Hook
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ

Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures

Design Information
Density of steel = 7850 kg/m3

Checking of Lifting hook -3/8" Shackle

Thickness of steel plate = 2.75 mm
Length of single piece panel = 150 mm
Width of single piece panel = 300 mm
Weight of 150 x 300 mm panel = 7.40 kg
Weight of panel per m 2
= 164.44 kg/m2

Max. Size of panel to be hoisted = 2700 x 4800 mm

Max. length of panel to be hoisted = 4800 mm
Max. height of panel to be hoisted = 2700 mm
Area of panel = 12.96 m2
Weight of panel = 2131.2 kg
= 21.31 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Total Design load = 42.6 kN
Number of pin shackle = 2
Design load per pin shackle = 21.31 kN

From the catalog

Working limit load of 3/4" pin shackle = 1 ton
= 10 kN FAIL
Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip during concrete casting
Let's do the checking for U-clip at lowest bottom where the concrete horizontal force will be maximum.

Length of one panel = 600 mm

Width of one panel = 300 mm
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.6 m
67.6 KN/m
2
Max. horizontal force =
Line load due to concrete weight = 20.3 kN/m
Max. Shear force at panel connection = wl/2 = 6.1 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force at connection = 12.2 kN
Number of clips at connection = 2
Design shear load per clip at connection = 6.1 kN
Diameter of clip = 12.0 mm
113.1 mm
2
Cross sectional area of clip =
Yield Strength of clip, fy = 275 N/mm2
Steel material factor, = 1.15
Design Strength of 12mm U-clip, Y = 239 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27.0 KN > 6.1 kN, OK
Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18.0 kN > 6.1 kN, OK

Plate Properties
Grade = S275
Plate Width, Bp Bp = 55 mm
Plate Length, Dp Dp = 300 mm
Plate Thickness, tp t = 2.45 mm
Hole diameter,do do = 13 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed a = 26 mm
Proposed Lug Dimension Proposed c = 60 mm
Yield Strength of Plate, fy fy = 265 N/mm2
Ultimate Strength of Plate, fu fu = 410 N/mm2
Material safety factor for steel ϒM2 = 1.25

Geometrical Requirements for Pin Ended Members

Material safety factor for steel, gM0 = 1 SS EN1993-1-8
Hole diameter, do = 13.8 mm Table 3.9
a >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+2*do/3 = 13.9 mm < proposed a,OK
c >= FEdϒM0/(2*t*fy)+do/3 = 9.3 mm < proposed c,OK
Pin Connections
Grade = S275
Material safety factor for steel, gM2 = 1.25
Pin diameter dpin = 13 mm
Pin Shear Area Av = 132.7 mm2
Pin Effective Shear Area Av,eff = 0.9*Av = 119.5 mm2
Section Modulus Wel = 216 mm3
Pin Yield Strength fy,pin = 265
Pin Tensile Strength fu,pin = 410
Pin Shear Resistance, Fv,Rd=0.6*Av,eff*fu,pin/γM2 = 23.5 kN Ok!
Bearing Resistance of Plate/Pin Fb,Rd=1.5*t*dpin*fy/γM0 = 12.66 kN Ok!
Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip during Panel lifting
(1) Checking for horizontal U-clip at top most where the clip will carry the maximum self weight of panel

Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27 KN

Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18 kN
No. of panels in one row = 8
No. of clips per 300 x 600 mm panel = 5
Total number of panels = 72
No. of Panels under first row = 64
Total weight of panels under first row = 473.6 kg
= 4.736 kN
Total no. of clips in first row = 40
Load carried by one clip = 0.12 kN
Factor of Safety = 2
Design load carried by one clip = 0.24 kN Ok!

(2) Checking for vertical U-clip at top most where the clip will carry the maximum self weight of panel

Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27 KN

Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18 kN
No. of panels in one row = 8
No. of vertical clips per 300 x 600 mm panel = 2
Total number of panels = 72
No. of Panels under first row = 64
Total weight of panels under first row = 473.6 kg
= 4.736 kN
Total no. of clips in first row = 16
Load carried by one clip = 0.30 kN
Factor of Safety = 2
Design load carried by one clip = 0.59 kN Ok!

Checking of panel during concreting

Yield Strength of panel, fy = 245 N/mm2
Length of one panel = 300 mm
Width of one panel = 150 mm
Thickness of panel = 2.45 mm
Section modulus of panel = 4098 mm3
Shear area of panel = 367.5 mm2
Bending moment capacity panel = 1.00 kNm
Shear capacity of panel = 90.0 kN
Unit weight of concrete, γ = 26 KN/m3
Height of concrete h = 2.7 m
70.2 KN/m
2
Max. horizontal force =
Line load due to concrete weight = 10.5 kN/m
Max. Shear force at panel = wl/2 = 1.6 kN
Max. BM at panel = wl2/8 = 0.1 kNm
Factor of safety = 2
Design shear force = 3.2 kN Ok!
Design Bending moment = 0.2 kNm Ok!
SGT Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd
Project: Geyland Planning area
Job No: 2301
Subject: Design checking of metal formwork lifting Hook
Design by: SK
Checked by: LJJ
Code of practice
Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures

Design Information
Density of steel = 7850 kg/m3

Checking of Lifting hook -3/8" Shackle

Max. Size of panel to be hoisted = 2700 x 4800 mm
Max. length of panel to be hoisted = 4800 mm
Max. height of panel to be hoisted = 2700 mm
Thickness of steel plate = 2.75 mm

Type 1 Metal panel:

Length = 600 mm
Width = 300 mm
Weight of 600 x 300 mm panel = 7.4 kg
Weight of panel per m 2
= 41.38 kg/m2

Type 2 Metal panel:

Length = 1200 mm
Width = 300 mm
Weight of 1200 x 300 mm panel = 14.2 kg
Weight of panel per m 2
= 39.40 kg/m2

Max Weight of panel = 536.2 kg

= 5.36 kN
Factor of safety = 2
Max Design load to be hoisted = 10.7 kN
Number of pin shackle hook = 2
Max Design load per pin shackle to be lifted = 5.36 kN

From the catalog

Working limit load of 3/4" pin shackle = 1 ton
= 10 kN > 5.36 kN, OK
Checking of 12mm dia U-Clip during Panel lifting
(1) Checking for horizontal U-clip at top most where the clip will carry the maximum self weight of panel

Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27 KN

Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18 kN
Max weight of panels = 536.2 kg
= 5.36 kN
Total no. of clips in first row = 32
Load carried by one clip = 0.17 kN
Factor of Safety = 2
Design load carried by one clip = 0.34 kN Ok!

(2) Checking for vertical U-clip at top most where the clip will carry the maximum self weight of panel

Ultimate tensile capacity of 12mm U-clip, Npl,Rd = 27 KN

Design shear resistance of 12mm U-clip Vpl,Rd = 18 kN
Max weight of panels = 536.2 kg
= 5.36 kN
Total no. of clips in first row = 8
Load carried by one clip = 0.67 kN
Factor of Safety = 2
Design load carried by one clip = 1.34 kN Ok!