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Download Essentials of Managing Human Resources Canadian 6th Edition Stewart Solutions Manual all chapters
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Chapter 6—Orienting, Training, and Developing Employees
ESSENTIAL OUTCOMES
The recruitment and selection of employees represent only the initial stages in building
an effective workforce. New employees must be oriented to the new organization, while
new and existing employees must be provided with the necessary training and
development in order to strengthen their skills. In rapidly changing environments,
employees need continuous training to hone their skills and knowledge. Also, an
attitude of self-development must be fostered in employees that will ensure there is
transfer of training to workplace situations. It is also important that the individual
continues in a process of self-assessment and self-management of on-the-job
competencies.
In this chapter, a systems approach to training is presented and used to discuss the
principles and methods commonly used for training all levels of employees. Also
included is an introduction to the psychology of learning so that the student appreciates
that effective training depends on more than the mere development of certain types of
training and development programs. In addition, there is a discussion on career
development and the need to link both organizational and individual needs. The chapter
concludes with information about methods to develop managerial talent.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
KEY CONCEPTS
STUDENT MOTIVATION
Students are currently in a learning context, and the materials covered in the chapter
can assist them in better understanding how learning takes place.
BARRIERS TO LEARNING
Students may feel as if they are forced into their learning environment and may be
resistant to exploring other aspects of learning.
ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Discussion: It is likely that most of your students are fairly new to postsecondary
education. You may want to probe them about their introduction to the school: What
type of orientation did they have? Also, engage them in a discussion as to how that
helped or hindered them in getting familiar with their new learning structure.
Further, you may wish to use the section on “benefits of orientation” to determine if
the benefits of employee orientation can be applied to new students at school.
(These relate to LO 1 and 2.)
2. Other activities:
a. Review Toolkit 6.1 and create discussion: Ask students if any of those
suggestions could be applied in a school orientation.
b. Discussion: Use HRM and the Law 6.1 to reinforce some of the materials from
Chapter 3 and how training impacts safety in the workplace.
c. Review Figure 6.1 and create discussion: Ask students to compare the skills
their employer (or previous employer) wants in employees. What were the
similarities? What were the differences? Further probe students to consider why
there might be differences.
e. Group activity: With students working in groups of 4–5, ask each group to
develop an orientation process for an organization with which they are familiar.
Be sure that each group identifies who is involved, who will coordinate, what will
be included, how it will be implemented, and over what period of time.
f. Discussion: You may also wish to use Ethics in HRM 5.1 as a discussion topic
and seek students’ views on whether training ought to be mandatory or
voluntary.
g. Discussion: Create a hypothetical organization and ask students to list all of the
factors that could affect the training needs of the organization. List the factors on
the board or flipchart. You may also want to use Toolkit 6.2 as a checklist for
what the students have generated. (This relates to LO 4.)
h. Group activity: Ask students to work in small groups (4–5 per group). Using the
principles of learning listed on pages 182–183 and Figure 6.3, each group is to
describe each principle as it would relate to designing a training program to
teach someone to ride a bicycle. Be sure that students give concrete examples
of each principle. (This relates to LO 5.)
j. Using Toolkit 6.3, review the proper way to do on-the-job training. Emphasize
that this is a simple and sound way to consider training, particularly in small
businesses.
k. Group activity: Point out that the textbook uses case studies as a way to help
students understand the concepts in each chapter. If you haven’t used the case
studies, this would be a good time to introduce a case study. Have the students
work in groups of 4–5, reading the case and then answering the questions at the
end. Compare the answers of each group with the entire class.
l. One-minute paper: Use Developing Your Skills 1 (page 201) to help students
improve performance as a team member. Ask each group to present its list to
the rest of the class.
n. Discussion: Ask students about their experiences with team building and how
well it worked. Ask students for any suggestions they might have for improving
teamwork and what type of training might be necessary.
o. Discussion: Review Emerging Trends 6.1. Probe students on their thoughts and
feelings about online and mobile learning. Determine if any students have
experienced different forms of learning.
p. Discussion: Using Figure 6.5, review the link between organizational needs and
individual career needs. Ask students their opinions regarding the responsibility
of the organization and the responsibility of the employee in career development.
(This relates to LO 8.)
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
You may wish to make use of the test bank, web quizzes, or, at the end of a class, ask
a student to summarize the key points from the lesson.
REFLECTION ON TEACHING
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Opening Vignette
This is a story about Jeff Joyce, Director of Fleet Operations for BC Ferries. He
describes the changes made to its orientation (onboarding) process after a significant
accident 10 years ago. As a result of this, there is now a requirement that some
orientation occurs even before a person is hired. Due to the enhanced orientation and
increased training, the safety record of BC Ferries has improved, and there has also
been a drop in absenteeism and an increase in staff retention levels. Jeff Joyce is proud
of the awards that the corporation has received for these changes.
Lecture Outline
Learning Outcome 15
Presentation Slide 4
1. Orientation
Define the orientation process as a formal approach to familiarize new employees with
the organization. It is through this process that employees not only learn about their job
and the work unit but also about the values, beliefs, and accepted behaviours in the
organization. Emphasize that orientation is a process, not a program or an event.
Explain that an orientation process can facilitate successful entry of the new
employee quickly into the organizational culture and their new role. Review the
benefits to the organization of an effective orientation.
Remind students that, since organizations are constantly changing, they may need
to constantly reorient employees to changing business circumstances. Also,
explain that orientation is a cooperative venture between the supervisor and HR
professionals. Stress that the supervisor is key to an employee being successfully
oriented to their new work and the organization. It is the supervisor to whom the
employee will turn for information about what is important. Emphasize that the
manner in which a supervisor acts and behaves will set the tone for employees as
to what is acceptable and not acceptable.
C. Planning orientation
Explain that, like any other HR process, careful planning of the orientation process
is required. It is important to identify the goals of the orientation and to ensure that
the methods used achieve their goals. Since it is important not to overlook
anything, it is helpful to encourage supervisors to use a checklist.
Stress that an important component of any orientation process is the need to check
whether the early introduction of new employees to the organization was
successful. Reinforce the concepts of Chapter 3 by explaining to students the
importance orientation plays in assisting new employees to learn about the culture
of the organization and the impact it has on the well-being of the workplace
environment.
Go over both Toolkit 6.1 and HRM and the Law 6.1 as further review of the role a
supervisor plays in orientation and the impact of safety training.
Learning Outcome #3
It will be useful to review Figure 6.1 so that students have a full appreciation of what
employers in Canada are expecting in terms of skills and capabilities. These skills and
capabilities also help shape what employers may do as part of their training and
development approaches.
Training can often be a fad, subject to the whims of managers and HR professionals.
Explain that a systems model for training can help ensure that training is contributing to
organizational and employee success. List the four phases of this approach and inform
students that each will be discussed in detail.
While the words “training,” “development,” and “learning” are frequently used
interchangeably, review the definitions used in the book. Stress that the scope of
training and development can include any activities that increase the abilities and
capabilities of the employees.
Review with students the data in relation to training costs, even during economic
difficulties. You may wish to probe students on whether their employer views training as
an “investment” or an “expense.”
Learning Outcome #4
Explain that after the training needs have been identified, the organization will then
design or purchase the necessary training programs. In doing this, it is important
that the following four related issues are considered.
Instructional objectives state the desired outcomes of any training program. You
need to answer the question of what skills, knowledge, or behaviours you want
employees to have.
Learning Outcome #5
Presentation Slide 13
Learning Outcome #6
The method used has a great bearing on the success of any training and
development program. Some of the methods, such as a classroom lecture, have a
long history. Newer methods, such as role playing, have emerged over the years
out of a greater understanding of human behaviour, particularly in the areas of
learning, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. More recently, technological
advances, especially in computer hardware and software, have resulted in training
devices that in many instances are more effective and economical than traditional
training methods.
You may wish to explain the importance of using case studies and role playing
when coaching managers about how they can ensure that a culture of well-being is
being fostered (Laura Williams, “The good fight against workplace bullies,”
Canadian HR Reporter, November 16, 2015, page 5.)
Method 1: Reactions—Explain that this is one of the simplest and most common
approaches. Participant reactions can give a quick indication of any trouble spots.
Unfortunately, too many conclusions have been made based upon how people felt
rather than whether there was changed behaviour or performance on the job.
You may also wish to use the Critical Thinking Questions at the end of Ethics in
HRM 6.1 to discuss what happens when provinces legislate certain types of
training.
Learning Outcome #7
Explain that while the chapter has focused on a systems approach to training, some
organizations have programs that meet the broader needs of employees.
This has become essential in today’s world. In-house basic skills programs are
popular, and many organizations have partnered with educational institutions to
improve the functional literacy of people. In addition, organizations are looking for
an enhanced set of skills in all employees in order to meet the competitive
challenges of businesses.
B. Teamwork training
Stress the need for people to learn how to work in a team setting. Remind students
that effective teamwork includes not only getting the job done but also doing it in a
way that minimizes difficulties and interpersonal issues.
C. Trends
Review Emerging Trends 6.1 to familiarize students with some of the trends. Of
particular note is online and mobile learning.
With the increasing attention organizations are placing on training and development, it is
important that employees take responsibility for their careers. Explain that most
organizations view career development as a joint responsibility between the employee
and the organization. Employees need to ensure that they are acquiring the skills,
knowledge, and capabilities to meet their career goals. The organization also needs to
provide information about its mission and objectives plus support for employee self-
development. Stress that in order to integrate both employee capabilities and
organizational needs it is important to create a visible link between them. Review Figure
5.5 and help students understand the “ownership” that they’ll need to take for managing
their career.
Presentation Slide 19
Creating favourable conditions
Some basic conditions must be present in order for any career development approach
to be successful. Underline the need for management support, for setting clear career
goals, and for ensuring that the various HR practices support a career development
program.
Learning Outcome #9
Conclude the discussion on this chapter with an overview of the role that mentoring
plays in career development. Review Toolkit 6.5 to assist students to understand what
some of the guidelines are for creating a successful mentoring relationship.
Review Questions
4. What are the various methods for implementing training and development?
5. What are four ways to evaluate training programs? Describe why each is important.
Probably the most important thing a manager can do is to provide support and
create a culture of support or a “people philosophy.” It is also important that the
manager helps the individual to set clear goals with regard to their career and to
know what the organization’s short-term and long-term expectations are.
1. What have been the biggest changes that you’ve noticed in how you learn as a
postsecondary student? What do you think has been the key driver of these
changes?
Students will have a number of responses. Determine if there are any themes. Also,
if you have different generations of learners, see if there are any differences based
on the generational cohort.
2. Would you be willing to take a blended delivery (partially in-person and partially
online) postsecondary course? Why or why not? What would be some of the
potential benefits and problems you foresee?
Students will have a variety of answers as to their preferences. Ensure they provide
their reasons. Also, when they discuss benefits/problems, determine if some
students see something as a benefit whereas other students perhaps see it as a
problem.
3. Your employer has approached you to assume a supervisory role. While you feel
flattered, you are also concerned about your ability to carry out the role successfully.
What type of training or development might you want to help you succeed? What
would be the “hard skills” and “soft skills”?
Students will have a variety of answers, but they need to include things such as:
mentoring, role play, seminars, on-the-job experiences, and perhaps e-learning. Use
Figure 6.1 to help with identifying the hard and soft skills.
Students will have a variety of perspectives. You may wish to explore the role that
social media might play.
Students will have a number of different opinions and reasons. Ensure that the
principles of learning are discussed as they relate to the effectiveness of the
orientation program.
6. What are some creative and low-cost/no cost ways that an organization could make
a new employee feel welcome?
Students will have a variety of answers. You may wish to review Toolkit 6.1 for some
other ideas.
7. Access the site http://moocs.com. Do you think MOOCs are sustainable and will be
a prominent feature in the postsecondary-education landscape? Would you be
interested in signing up for a MOOC? Why or why not?
You may also wish to set up this discussion as an in-class debate with one group
supporting the premise that MOOCs will replace traditional classroom training and
the other group not supporting the premise. It also might be useful to share your own
personal views of MOOCs with your students.
8. You work in an organization that focuses on wine sales and marketing. Recently,
there have been a number of complaints about a particular customer service
representative in terms of accuracy of wine knowledge shared with customers and
timeliness of work orders. Complete the four steps in the systems approach to
training and development. Specifically, consider these questions: (1) How will you
determine whether training is the answer? (2) What is a possible learning or training
objective you could identify? (3) What methods would you use to implement
training? (4) How would you evaluate if the training was effective?
There will be a variety of different answers. Ensure that all steps in the systems
approach are answered. This could also be used as a group in-class exercise and
have the students share their results with the entire class.
These exercises are designed to use in or out of the classroom setting. Some of these
can also be done as an assignment to be handed in.
1. Who should be in charge of orienting new employees at the Jungle Gym? Why?
As manager, Todd is the most logical person to orient new employees. He would
know what it is expected, how things work, and provide the necessary support to
help new employees get familiar.
3. Outline an effective orientation process that Jimmy’s Jungle Gym should use.
Consider what should be done prior to, on, and after the first day of employment.
Prior to working, ask the new employee to spend three hours observing the gym and
the café. Provide an opportunity for the person to ask questions about the operation.
On the first day of work, have the manager spend time with the employee, walking
them around, introducing them to other staff, clarifying what happens on a regular
basis in the gym, explaining how to do things in a safe way, and teaching the new
person any machinery they might have to operate such as gym equipment, cash
register, and coffee maker.
If staff have not been appropriately trained in the safe use of equipment, something
such as a fall from the climbing wall or a burn from the coffee maker would put the
Jungle Gym at risk.
1. How would you approach the development of Learning 2.0 at ECT to ensure its
success?
It is important that a needs assessment is done and the actual program content then
designed with the principles of learning in mind. It might also be useful to identify
what some of the potential barriers coming from employees might be.
2. What key factors would enable ECT to implement its new learning approach?
The key factors include: visible support from the key decision makers, careful
design, ensuring that employees are comfortable with the technology, and
evaluating the approach within the first three months.
3. Does ECT have the culture, leadership, and resources necessary to support this
change?
It is questionable whether ECT really has the culture and leadership to support such
a change. Further, if there is employee resistance within the learning department,
then that is another barrier to effectively making the change. Depending on how well
the idea is embraced, probably resources could be made available to support the
change.
4. How would you make a case for this direction for the leadership team?
Students will have a variety of answers. You might also wish to use this as a small
group activity where each group would develop the case and then present
conclusions to the entire class.