PHARMACOLOGY D.

PHARM II YEAR

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which route of drug administration offers the quickest onset of action?

A) Oral
B) Intramuscular
C) Sublingual
D) Transdermal
Answer: C) Sublingual

2. Which of the following is NOT a cholinergic drug?

A) Atropine
B) Bethanechol
C) Physostigmine
D) Propranolol
Answer: D) Propranolol

3. Which class of drugs is commonly used as anti-coagulants?

A) ACE inhibitors
B) Beta-blockers
C) Statins
D) Heparins
Answer: D) Heparins

4. What is the primary factor affecting drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract?

A) pH of the stomach
B) Lipid solubility of the drug
C) Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
D) Presence of food in the stomach
Answer: A) pH of the stomach

5. Which of the following drugs is classified as a neuromuscular blocking agent?

A) Propranolol
B) Atropine
C) Succinylcholine
D) Diazepam
Answer: C) Succinylcholine

6. Which drug class is used primarily for the treatment of Myasthenia gravis?

A) Cholinergic drugs
B) Anti-cholinergic drugs
C) Adrenergic drugs
D) Neuromuscular blocking agents
 Answer: A) Cholinergic drugs

7. Miotics are drugs that:

A) Dilate the pupil

B) Constrict the pupil
C) Have no effect on the pupil
D) Induce cycloplegia
Answer: B) Constrict the pupil

8. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat glaucoma?

A) Pilocarpine
B) Tropicamide
C) Phenylephrine
D) Cyclopentolate
Answer: A) Pilocarpine

9. General anaesthetics primarily act by:

A) Blocking pain sensation at the site of injury

B) Inhibiting nerve conduction in sensory neurons
C) Depressing the central nervous system
D) Increasing the threshold for pain perception
Answer: C) Depressing the central nervous system

10. Which drug class is commonly used for sedation and anxiety relief?

A) Anti-convulsants
B) Anti-depressants
C) Hypnotics and sedatives
D) Nootropic agents
Answer: C) Hypnotics and sedatives

11. Anti-hypertensive drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) High cholesterol
B) High blood pressure
C) Heartburn
D) Allergies
Answer: B) High blood pressure

12. Which drug class is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms?

A) Anti-hypertensive drugs
B) Anti-anginal drugs
C) Anti-arrhythmic drugs
D) Drugs used in atherosclerosis
Answer: C) Anti-arrhythmic drugs
13. Hematinic agents are used primarily for the treatment of:

A) Blood clots
B) Iron deficiency anemia
C) High blood pressure
D) Allergic reactions
Answer: B) Iron deficiency anemia

14. Which of the following is an example of an anti-coagulant drug?

A) Warfarin
B) Aspirin
C) Metoprolol
D) Digoxin
Answer: A) Warfarin

15. Bronchodilators are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) High blood pressure

B) Asthma
C) Gastric ulcers
D) Anxiety disorders
Answer: B) Asthma

16. Anti-ulcer drugs primarily act by:

A) Decreasing stomach acid production

B) Increasing stomach acid production
C) Protecting the stomach lining
D) Blocking pain sensation in the stomach
Answer: A) Decreasing stomach acid production

17. Diuretics are drugs that primarily:

A) Increase urine production

B) Decrease urine production
C) Decrease blood pressure
D) Increase blood sugar levels
Answer: A) Increase urine production

18. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body?

A) Thyroid hormone
B) Parathormone
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Answer: B) Parathormone

19. Corticosteroids are commonly used for their:

 A) Anti-inflammatory effects
B) Antipyretic effects
C) Anti-coagulant effects
D) Anti-hypertensive effects
Answer: A) Anti-inflammatory effects

20. Histamine is an example of:

A) An anti-histamine drug
B) A neurotransmitter
C) A steroid hormone
D) A prostaglandin
Answer: B) A neurotransmitter

21. Which class of antibiotics interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis?

A) Penicillins
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Macrolides
D) Tetracyclines
Answer: A) Penicillins

22. Which of the following drugs is used primarily for the treatment of tuberculosis?

A) Cephalosporins
B) Fluoroquinolones
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Anti-tubercular drugs
Answer: D) Anti-tubercular drugs

23. Biological agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Vaccines
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Insulin
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: D) Corticosteroids

24. The primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

is:

A) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes

B) Activation of opioid receptors
C) Blocking calcium channels
D) Inhibiting GABA receptors
Answer: A) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes

25. What is the main function of local anaesthetics?

A) Reduce inflammation at the site of injury

 B) Block pain sensation in a specific area
C) Relax skeletal muscles
D) Increase heart rate
Answer: B) Block pain sensation in a specific area

26. Anti-depressant drugs primarily act by:

A) Increasing the synthesis of serotonin and/or norepinephrine

B) Blocking dopamine receptors
C) Enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission
D) Inhibiting glutamate release
Answer: A) Increasing the synthesis of serotonin and/or norepinephrine

27. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion is a part of………………..?

A) Receptors
B) Potency
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
Answer: D) Pharmacokinetics

28. Which of the following is an example of an anti-arrhythmic drug?

A) Lisinopril
B) Verapamil
C) Simvastatin
D) Metoprolol
Answer: B) Verapamil

29. Which drug class is commonly used to prevent blood clot formation?

A) Anti-hypertensive drugs
B) Anti-anginal drugs
C) Anti-platelet agents
D) Drugs used in atherosclerosis
Answer: C) Anti-platelet agents

30. Which of the following drugs is used primarily for its anti-inflammatory effects?

A) Digoxin
B) Aspirin
C) Metoprolol
D) Amiodarone
Answer: B) Aspirin

31. Which class of drugs is used primarily to increase the production of urine?

A) Diuretics
B) Anti-diuretics
C) ACE inhibitors
 D) Beta-blockers
Answer: A) Diuretics

32. Insulin is commonly used for the treatment of:

A) High blood pressure

B) High cholesterol
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Asthma
Answer: C) Diabetes mellitus

33. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

A) Thyroid hormone
B) Parathormone
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Parathormone

34. Which of the following is NOT a hormone?

A) Insulin
B) Aspirin
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Aspirin

35. Which autocoid is involved in regulating inflammation and immune responses?

A) Histamine
B) Prostaglandins
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine
Answer: B) Prostaglandins

36. Anti-tussive agents are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) High blood pressure

B) Fever
C) Cough
D) Anxiety disorders
Answer: C) Cough

37. Which of the following drugs is commonly used as an expectorant?

A) Dextromethorphan
B) Guaifenesin
C) Codeine
D) Loratadine
Answer: B) Guaifenesin
38. Which class of drugs is used primarily to relieve muscle spasms?

A) Anti-emetics
B) Laxatives
C) Centrally acting muscle relaxants
D) Anti-diarrheal drugs
Answer: C) Centrally acting muscle relaxants

39. Anti-ulcer drugs primarily act by:

A) Increasing stomach acid production

B) Decreasing stomach acid production
C) Protecting the stomach lining
D) Blocking pain sensation in the stomach
Answer: B) Decreasing stomach acid production

40. Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of laxatives?

A) Diarrhea
B) Constipation
C) Abdominal cramps
D) Electrolyte imbalance
Answer: B) Constipation

41. Which class of drugs is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting?

A) Anti-ulcer drugs
B) Anti-emetics
C) Laxatives
D) Anti-diarrheal drugs
Answer: B) Anti-emetics

42. Diuretics primarily act by increasing:

A) Blood pressure
B) Urine production
C) Heart rate
D) Glucose levels
Answer: B) Urine production

43. Anti-diuretic drugs (ADH analogs) are used primarily to:

A) Increase urine production

B) Decrease urine production
C) Increase blood pressure
D) Treat diabetes insipidus
Answer: B) Decrease urine production

44. Thyroid hormones are primarily responsible for regulating:

 A) Blood calcium levels
B) Blood glucose levels
C) Metabolic rate
D) Fluid balance
Answer: C) Metabolic rate

45. Which of the following is NOT a corticosteroid?

A) Prednisone
B) Hydrocortisone
C) Dexamethasone
D) Levothyroxine
Answer: D) Levothyroxine

46. Which autocoid is primarily responsible for causing smooth muscle contraction and
dilation of blood vessels?

A) Histamine
B) Prostaglandins
C) Serotonin
D) Nitric oxide
Answer: D) Nitric oxide

47. Which class of antibiotics is commonly used for the treatment of bacterial infections in
the gastrointestinal tract?

A) Penicillins
B) Macrolides
C) Tetracyclines
D) Fluoroquinolones
Answer: C) Tetracyclines

48. Which of the following drugs is commonly used for the treatment of fungal infections?

A) Metronidazole
B) Fluconazole
C) Ciprofloxacin
D) Amoxicillin
Answer: B) Fluconazole

49. Anti-viral drugs are primarily used for the treatment of infections caused by:

A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Viruses
D) Parasites
Answer: C) Viruses

50. Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat parasitic infections such as malaria?
 A) Anti-tubercular drugs
B) Anti-fungal drugs
C) Anthelmintics
D) Anti-malarial agents
Answer: D) Anti-malarial agents

51. Which of the following drugs is commonly used for the treatment of roundworm
infections?

A) Metronidazole
B) Ivermectin
C) Amoxicillin
D) Oseltamivir
Answer: B) Ivermectin

52. Anti-neoplastic agents are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Bacterial infections
B) Fungal infections
C) Cancer
D) Viral infections
Answer: C) Cancer

53. Biological agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Vaccines
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Insulin
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: D) Corticosteroids

54. Which of the following biological agents is used for passive immunization?

A) Insulin
B) Human papillomavirus vaccine
C) Tetanus immunoglobulin
D) Progesterone
Answer: C) Tetanus immunoglobulin

55. Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-
Inflammatory Drugs)?

A) Gastric ulcers
B) Renal toxicity
C) Hepatotoxicity
D) Bradycardia
Answer: D) Bradycardia

56. Local anaesthetics primarily act by:

 A) Blocking pain sensation in a specific area
B) Decreasing blood pressure
C) Increasing heart rate
D) Inducing muscle relaxation
Answer: A) Blocking pain sensation in a specific area

57. Anti-psychotic drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Depression
C) Schizophrenia
D) Insomnia
Answer: C) Schizophrenia

58. Which of the following is a common side effect of anti-convulsant drugs?

A) Hypertension
B) Weight gain
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Sedation
Answer: D) Sedation

59. Anti-anginal drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) High blood pressure

B) Angina pectoris
C) Heartburn
D) Allergies
Answer: B) Angina pectoris

60. Anti-emetics are drugs used primarily for the treatment of:

A) Nausea and vomiting

B) Gastric ulcers
C) Diarrhea
D) Constipation
Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting

61. Laxatives are drugs used primarily to treat:

A) Nausea and vomiting

B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal pain
Answer: B) Constipation

62. Anti-diarrheal drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Nausea and vomiting

 B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal pain
Answer: C) Diarrhea

63. Oral hypoglycemic agents are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Hypertension
B) Hyperlipidemia
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Asthma
Answer: C) Diabetes mellitus

64. Estrogen is primarily used for:

A) Prevention of osteoporosis
B) Treatment of prostate cancer
C) Prevention of pregnancy
D) Treatment of erectile dysfunction
Answer: C) Prevention of pregnancy

65. Progesterone is primarily used for:

A) Inducing labor
B) Treating erectile dysfunction
C) Preventing pregnancy
D) Treating osteoporosis
Answer: C) Preventing pregnancy

66. Oxytocin is primarily used for:

A) Inducing labor
B) Treating hypertension
C) Treating depression
D) Inducing sleep
Answer: A) Inducing labor

67. Which of the following is a physiological role of histamine?

A) Regulation of blood pressure

B) Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Regulation of inflammation
Answer: D) Regulation of inflammation

68. 5-HT (Serotonin) is involved in the regulation of:

A) Blood pressure
B) Appetite
C) Bone metabolism
 D) Muscle contraction
Answer: B) Appetite

69. Which class of drugs is used primarily for the treatment of fungal infections?

A) Penicillins
B) Cephalosporins
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Azoles
Answer: D) Azoles

70. Which of the following antibiotics is a bacteriostatic agent?

A) Penicillin
B) Gentamicin
C) Tetracycline
D) Ciprofloxacin
Answer: C) Tetracycline

71. Which class of drugs is used primarily for the treatment of HIV/AIDS?

A) Beta-blockers
B) ACE inhibitors
C) Protease inhibitors
D) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: C) Protease inhibitors

72. Which of the following drugs is commonly used for the treatment of herpes infections?

A) Amoxicillin
B) Acyclovir
C) Ceftriaxone
D) Metronidazole
Answer: B) Acyclovir

73. Anthelmintics are drugs used primarily for the treatment of:

A) Fungal infections
B) Viral infections
C) Bacterial infections
D) Parasitic infections
Answer: D) Parasitic infections

74. Anti-malarial agents are primarily used for the treatment of infections caused by:

A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Viruses
D) Protozoa
Answer: D) Protozoa
75. Biological agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Vaccines
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Insulin
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: D) Corticosteroids

76. Which of the following drugs is commonly used as an anti-histamine?

A) Diphenhydramine
B) Pseudoephedrine
C) Phenylephrine
D) Oxymetazoline
Answer: A) Diphenhydramine

77. Which of the following antibiotics inhibits bacterial protein synthesis?

A) Penicillins
B) Macrolides
C) Fluoroquinolones
D) Aminoglycosides
Answer: D) Aminoglycosides

78. Which of the following drugs is commonly used as an anti-fungal agent?

A) Ciprofloxacin
B) Fluconazole
C) Erythromycin
D) Gentamicin
Answer: B) Fluconazole

79. Anti-viral drugs are primarily used for the treatment of infections caused by:

A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Viruses
D) Protozoa
Answer: C) Viruses

80. Which class of drugs is commonly used for the treatment of parasitic infections such as
malaria?

A) Anti-tubercular drugs
B) Anti-fungal drugs
C) Anthelmintics
D) Anti-malarial agents
Answer: D) Anti-malarial agents
81. Which of the following drugs is commonly used for the treatment of roundworm
infections?

A) Metronidazole
B) Ivermectin
C) Amoxicillin
D) Oseltamivir
Answer: B) Ivermectin

82. Anti-neoplastic agents are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Bacterial infections
B) Fungal infections
C) Cancer
D) Viral infections
Answer: C) Cancer

83. Biological agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Vaccines
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Insulin
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: D) Corticosteroids

84. Which of the following biological agents is used for passive immunization?

A) Insulin
B) Human papillomavirus vaccine
C) Tetanus immunoglobulin
D) Progesterone
Answer: C) Tetanus immunoglobulin

85. Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-
Inflammatory Drugs)?

A) Gastric ulcers
B) Renal toxicity
C) Hepatotoxicity
D) Bradycardia
Answer: D) Bradycardia

86. Local anaesthetics primarily act by:

A) Blocking pain sensation in a specific area

B) Decreasing blood pressure
C) Increasing heart rate
D) Inducing muscle relaxation
Answer: A) Blocking pain sensation in a specific area
87. Anti-psychotic drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Depression
C) Schizophrenia
D) Insomnia
Answer: C) Schizophrenia

88. Which of the following is a common side effect of anti-convulsant drugs?

A) Hypertension
B) Weight gain
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Sedation
Answer: D) Sedation

89. Anti-anginal drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) High blood pressure

B) Angina pectoris
C) Heartburn
D) Allergies
Answer: B) Angina pectoris

90. Anti-emetics are drugs used primarily for the treatment of:

A) Nausea and vomiting

B) Gastric ulcers
C) Diarrhea
D) Constipation
Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting

91. Laxatives are drugs used primarily to treat:

A) Nausea and vomiting

B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal pain
Answer: B) Constipation

92. Anti-diarrheal drugs are primarily used for the treatment of:

A) Nausea and vomiting

B) Constipation
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal pain
Answer: C) Diarrhea

93. Oral hypoglycemic agents are primarily used for the treatment of:
 A) Hypertension
B) Hyperlipidemia
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Asthma
Answer: C) Diabetes mellitus

94. Estrogen is primarily used for:

A) Prevention of osteoporosis
B) Treatment of prostate cancer
C) Prevention of pregnancy
D) Treatment of erectile dysfunction
Answer: C) Prevention of pregnancy

95. Progesterone is primarily used for:

A) Inducing labor
B) Treating erectile dysfunction
C) Preventing pregnancy
D) Treating osteoporosis
Answer: C) Preventing pregnancy

96. Oxytocin is primarily used for:

A) Inducing labor
B) Treating hypertension
C) Treating depression
D) Inducing sleep
Answer: A) Inducing labor

97. Which of the following is a physiological role of histamine?

A) Regulation of blood pressure

B) Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Regulation of inflammation
Answer: D) Regulation of inflammation

98. 5-HT (Serotonin) is involved in the regulation of:

A) Blood pressure
B) Appetite
C) Bone metabolism
D) Muscle contraction
Answer: B) Appetite

99. Which class of drugs is used primarily for the treatment of fungal infections?

A) Penicillins
B) Cephalosporins
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Azoles
Answer: D) Azoles

100. Which of the following antibiotics is a bacteriostatic agent?

A) Penicillin
B) Gentamicin
C) Tetracycline
D) Ciprofloxacin
Answer: C) Tetracycline