MODULE IV

WHEELS AND TYRES

WHEELS
 The various requirements of an
automobile wheel are
1. It must be strong enough to perform the above functions.

2. It should be balanced both statically as well as dynamically.

3. It should be lightest possible so that the unsprung weight is

least.

4. It should be possible to remove or mount the wheel easily.

5. Its material should not weaken with weathering and age. In

case, the material is susceptible to corrosion, it must be
given suitable protective treatment.
 Wheel - Basics

•Most standard wheels are made of steel.

•Some vehicles are fitted with alloy wheels

that are made of magnesium or aluminum.

•The rim holds the tyre.

•The well of the wheel allows the tyre to

be removed and refitted.

•The centre section is welded to the rim.

•The pilot bore fits to the hub.

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 Valve Stems and Cores

– Three functions – It retains the air, it allows

inflation and deflation.

•The rubber stem of the valve is pulled into the

wheel.

•The valve core contains a spring loaded air valve

insert.

•The valve core also has a sealing washer and a

seat washer.

•The valve cap keeps out dust and helps keep air
in.

Tyre pressures must only be checked and adjusted when the tyre is cold
 Wheel Fixings
•Wheel studs and nuts attach the wheel to the hub.

•The wheel studs press through the hub or axle

flange.

•The taper on the wheel nuts secures and centers

the wheel.

•Wheel studs usually have a right-hand thread.

•If it is a left-hand thread, it can be marked with “L”.

•Metric threads can be marked with “M” or

METRIC.

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 Wheel Nut Torque

•Correct torque of wheel fixing is vital for all

vehicles, and nearly all require the use of a
torque wrench.

•Excessive torque can lead to wheel or hub

distortion, causing runout and vibration.

•Low torque may allow wheel nuts to work loose

and wheels to come off.

•Nuts should be tightened in a diagonal pattern.

Torque
wrench
Wheel Sizes
WHEEL ASSEMBLY
 TYPES OF WHEELS
1. Steel Wheels (Disc wheel)– A very popular design of wheel. Very
strong and cheap to produce.

2. Alloy Wheels – Attractive and light weight, but can be difficult to

clean.

3. Spoke Wheels (Wire wheels) – Used on older sports vehicles, but

cannot be fitted with tubeless tyres.

4. Divided rims – the rims are made in two halves which are bolted
together, the rims must never be separated while the tyre is inflated.

5. Split rims – the tyre is held in place by a large circlip, do not remove
the tyre unless you have been properly trained.
 Custom Wheels
• Several types
– Aluminum wheels: cast, forged, or rolled
– Race cars: use alloy wheels
– Custom wheels for street use: single piece castings
of light alloy aluminum
• Wheel offset
• Negative offset: increases track width of tires
• Positive offset: found on front-wheel-drive cars
TYPES OF WHEELS

1. WIRE WHEEL
2. DISC WHEEL
Wire wheel (or)
DISC WHEEL