EXPERIMENT 14 STARTING OF 3 PHASE

SQUIRREL CAGE
INDUCTION MOTORS BY
DIRECT ON LINE AND
STAR-DELTA STARTER
Structure
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Objectives
14.3 Experiment
Principle
Requirements
Procedure
Description of tools
Observations
Results
14.4 Precautions

14.1 INTRODUCTION
As the name indicates “Starter” is used to start and stop the motor. The starter
is also used to protect the motor and other connected equipment from sustained
overload, under voltage, single phasing etc., and also provide automatic control
when ever require. We know that the motor acts as a transformer with secondary
winding (Rotor winding) short-circuited, when the motor is at stand-still position.
When the motor is started from stand-still position, high starting current will circulate
in the rotor winding and simultaneously the stator will start drawing heavy current
from the supply mains. As a result of this heavy current, the system or line voltage
will be drastically reduced, which is objectionable from safety point of view. The
other sensitive equipments connected with same line may trip on low voltage.
Therefore, large capacity motors (Above 5 H.P.) should be connected through such
a mechanism, which can reduce the starting voltage. If the starting voltage is
reduced, the starting current drawn by the motor will be reduced automatically
and thus the line voltage will remains almost constant.

14.2 OBJECTIVES
We will be able to learn the
z the different parts of Direct on line and Star-Delta starter.
z wiring of Direct on line and Star-Delta starter.
z working of Direct on line and Star-Delta starter.

14.3 EXPERIMENT

i. Principle
The working principle of Direct On Line (DOL) and Star-Delta starter is explained
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Practical Manual— below in brief. For detailed study of these starters, please refer to theory of block
Dairy Equipment and
Utilities no.4.
A) Direct On Line (D.O.L) Starter: The Direct On Line starter is used to
connect the motor winding terminals in delta connection directly instead of
connecting in star first and then is delta position, as in case of Star-Delta starter.
When the on switch (Green Button) is pressed, the No-Volt-Coil (N.V.C.)
will become an electromagnet and pulls down the plunger down ward position.
As a result of it, the motor winding will connect across the three-phase supply
and motor start running.
B) Star-Delta Starter: The Star-Delta starter also works, almost on the same
working principle with difference of connection of motor winding terminals. In
this type of starter, the winding terminals are connected in star when the handle
is pressed to down ward position and motor starts running. When the motor
picks up more than 80 % of the rated speed, the handle is pushed to up ward
direction. As a result of it the winding terminals gets connected in delta position
and motor will stats running at its full rated speed. Secondly, the No-Volt-
Coil (N.V.C.) will gets connected across the two-phase supply and keep on
holding the handle in this position after acting as a electromagnet.
ii. Material Required
The following material is required for starting the three phase induction motor with
Direct On Line (DOL) and Star – Delta starter.
i) Three-phase squirrel cage induction motor 7.5 H.P.
ii) Direct on line starter.
iii) Star-Delta starter.
iv) Triple Pole Iron Clad (TPIC) Main Switch 63 Amp.
v) Voltmeter 0 – 500 Volts.
vi) Am-meter 0 – 100 Amp.
vii) Insulated combination plier 15 Cm.
viii) Insulated screw Driver 30 Cm.
ix) Series test lamp 100/200 Watt.
x) P.V.C. wire 7/22.
xi) Hand Gloves.
xii) Wire stripper

54 Direct on Line (D.O.1) Starter

iii. Procedure Starting of 3 Phase
Squirrel Cage Induction
Motors by Direct on line
The following procedure should be adopted to connect a three-phase squirrel cage and Star-Data starter
induction motor with Direct On Line and Star Delta Starter. To study in detail,
please refer to unit no. 03 of block no. 04. The circuit diagram starters and
sequence of operation given below:

i. First of all find the phase sequence of winding i.e. C1 A2, A1 B2, and B1 C2
terminals of the three-phase induction motor, with the help of series test lamp.
ii. Open the starters connect the “M” terminals with motor and connect the “L”
terminals with three-phase supply. Direct on line starter and Star Delta starter
with motor as shown in figures above.
iii. Connect an Ammeter in series of one of the phase and voltmeter across any
two phases, to monitor the current drawn by the motor and applied voltage.
iv. Switch on the green button in case of D.O.L. starter to run the motor directly
in star or delta position as recommended on motor connection plate.
v. And when the handle is pressed to start position (Star), the motor’s out put
terminals A2, B2 and C2 gets short circuited with a thick copper strip on the
handle while the other terminals A1, B1 and C1 gets connected across the supply
and the motor will continue to run in star position.
vi. When the motor picks up more than 75 % of the rated speed, the handle is
switched over to run position (Delta). Now the motor terminals C1 A2, A1 B2,
and B1 C2 will get short circuit and the motor will continue to run delta position,
because the handle will remain hold in this position with the help of no volt
coil.
iv. Observations
The following points must be observed carefully during the working of the motors.
i) Observe the starting and running current drawn by the motor.
ii) Observe the input voltage to the motor with the help of voltmeter and it should
be around 440 volts.
iii) The motor should not make any abnormal sound or hum during the operation.
v. Results
The student will be able to
55
Practical Manual— i) Check the motor’s phase sequence test.
Dairy Equipment and
Utilities ii) Connection of motor with starters.
iii) Observe the normal and abnormal sound of the motor.

14.4 PRECAUTIONS
The following precautions must be observed while connecting and running the three-
phase induction motor with the help of D.O.L. and Star Delta starter.
i) All the connections should be tight.
ii) The fuse wire of main switch or rating of MCB should be of proper size.
iii) Before connecting the motor on supply, check the leakage current or earth
fault with the help of series test lamp.
iv) Phase sequence test should be conducted carefully.
v) Connect the T.P.I.C. main switch, Starters and motor with proper earth wire
to avoid leakage current accidents.
vi) Connection plate should be carefully examined to connect the motor in Star
or Delta position.

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