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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Write as a decimal.
1) 56% 1)
A) 0.056 B) 0.56 C) 0.45 D) 5.6
2) 30% 2)
A) 0.19 B) 0.03 C) 0.3 D) 3
3) 21.2% 3)
A) 0.102 B) 2.12 C) 0.212 D) 0.0212
4) 600% 4)
A) 6 B) 0.6 C) 6.01 D) 60
5) 560% 5)
A) 56 B) 5.6 C) 5.61 D) 0.56
6) 104% 6)
A) 1.05 B) 0.104 C) 10.4 D) 1.04
7) 0.6% 7)
A) 0.007 B) 0.006 C) 0.06 D) 0.6
8) 97.95% 8)
A) 0.9795 B) 0.09795 C) 9.795 D) 0.9695
9) 0.67% 9)
A) 0.0067 B) 0.067 C) 0.67 D) 0.0077
Write as a percent.
11) 0.2 11)
A) 0.02% B) 20% C) 200% D) 0.2%
1
16) 0.0005 16)
A) 0.005% B) 0.05% C) 0.00005% D) 0.5%
17) 4 17)
A) 200% B) 0.4% C) 400% D) 0.04%
22) Only 0.7% of those polled had heard the news. 22)
A) 0.7 B) 0.007 C) 0.0007 D) 0.07
24) At a certain company 14.8% of the employees have engineering degrees. 24)
A) 1.48 B) 0.0148 C) 0.148 D) 148
26) 0.0099 of all products produced at a certain factory contain defects. 26)
A) 99% B) 0.099 C) 9.9% D) 0.99%
27) 0.008 of all math majors at a certain university double major in music. 27)
A) 8% B) 0.8% C) 8 D) 0.08%
29) Sales this year were 5.2 times last year's sales. 29)
A) 5.2% B) 52% C) 0.052% D) 520%
30) Attendance this year was 8.591 times greater than last year. 30)
A) 85.91% B) 0.08591% C) 859.1% D) 8591%
2
32) What is 100% of 34 minutes? 32)
A) 3400 minutes B) 34 minutes C) 3.4 minutes D) 17 minutes
34) The price of Enrico's plane ticket is $587. Enrico's father will pay 50% of the cost. How much will 34)
Enrico's father pay?
A) $306.50 B) $29,350 C) $313.50 D) $293.50
1
35) What is 100% of 84 miles? 35)
2
1 1
A) 8450 miles B) 184 miles C) 100 miles D) 84 miles
2 2
36) During a poll, 16,940 people were asked whether they favored a particular ballot measure. 50% of 36)
them said they favored the measure. How many people favored the ballot measure?
A) 8470 people B) 8460 people C) 847 people D) 84,700 people
37) There are 78 students in the class. 50% of the students own a car. How many of the students own a 37)
car?
A) 39 students B) 128 students C) 78 students D) 37 students
38) John weighs 203 pounds. Tyler's weight is 50% of John's weight. How much does Tyler weigh? 38)
A) 253 pounds B) 96.5 pounds C) 101.5 pounds D) 203 pounds
39) Last month, a company sold 312 video games. This month, the company sold 300% of that 39)
amount. How many were sold this month?
A) 300 B) 936 C) 312 D) 9,360,000
40) In a course with 200 students, 1% received an A on the final exam. How many students earned an 40)
A?
A) 2 B) 20,000 C) 200 D) 1
3
41) The following bar graph shows the ranking of the top items sold at a local sporting event and the 41)
percent of fans selecting each item.
What portion of fans purchased beverages? Write the answer as a percent and as a decimal.
A) 85%, 0.85 B) 72%, 0.72 C) 35%, 0.35 D) 50%, 0.5
4
42) The following bar graph shows the ranking of the top items sold at a local sporting event and the 42)
percent of fans selecting each item.
43) The following graph shows types of paint sold at a local hardware store and the percent of sales for 43)
each type of paint.
What portion of paint sales were gloss interior? Write the answer as a percent and as a decimal.
A) 25%, 0.25 B) 2%, 0.02 C) 20%, 0.2 D) 50%, 0.5
5
44) The following graph shows types of paint sold at a local hardware store and the percent of sales for 44)
each type of paint.
45) A survey of the 9559 vehicles on the campus of State University yielded the following circle graph. 45)
11%
14% 36%
9%
4% 26%
6
46) A survey of the 6376 vehicles on the campus of State University yielded the following circle graph. 46)
10%
15% 34%
9%
3% 29%
47) A survey of the 2555 vehicles on the campus of State University yielded the following circle graph. 47)
9%
16% 36%
9%
6% 24%
Write a percent for both the shaded and unshaded parts of the figure.
48) 48)
7
49) 49)
50) 50)
51) 51)
52) 52)
53) 53)
8
54) 54)
56) 8% 56)
1 4 2
A) 8 B) C) D)
125 5 25
1
59) % 59)
7
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
1400 70 700 350
2
60) % 60)
5
2 1 1
A) B) C) D) 4
5 10 250
1
61) 12 % 61)
2
1 3 29 1
A) B) C) D)
8 25 200 4
1
62) 111 % 62)
9
1 1 5 2
A) 1 B) 11 C) D) 2
9 9 9 9
9
63) 150% 63)
1 3
A) 15 B) 1 C) 3 D)
2 50
8
66) 66)
10
A) 0.8% B) 8% C) 800% D) 80%
16
67) 67)
25
A) 1000% B) 64% C) 32% D) 6.4%
1
68) 68)
9
A) 1.1% B) 12.3% C) 90% D) 11.1%
19
69) 69)
22
A) 8.6% B) 39.3% C) 220% D) 86.4%
2
70) 70)
11
A) 110% B) 18.2% C) 16.5% D) 1.8%
8
71) 71)
7
A) 81.6% B) 140% C) 114.3% D) 11.4%
Supply the missing numbers. Round any decimal to the nearest thousandth and percent to the nearest tenth of a percent
if necessary.
72) fraction decimal percent 72)
7
10
A) 0.82; 820% B) 0.7; 7% C) 0.82; 82% D) 0.7; 70%
10
74) fraction decimal percent 74)
63.6%
7 7 6 6
A) ; 0.636 B) ; 6.36 C) ; 6.36 D) ; 0.636
11 11 11 11
82) In one company, three out of every ten employees use all their sick time. What percent use all their 82)
sick time?
A) 7% B) 70% C) 3% D) 30%
83) Biologists banded seven out of every twenty wild ducks. What percent were not banded? 83)
A) 35% B) 65% C) 13% D) 7%
11
84) Write 17 out of 50 farm workers as a decimal and as a percent. 84)
A) 0.34, 3.4% B) 3.4, 340% C) 0.34, 34% D) 0.34, 340%
85) Write 7 out of 100 students as a reduced fraction and as a percent. 85)
7 7 7 7
A) , 70% B) , 70% C) , 0.7% D) , 7%
100 10 100 100
86) Write 46 out of 50 plant species as a reduced fraction and as a percent. 86)
23 23 23 23
A) , 920% B) , 920% C) , 9.2% D) , 92%
50 25 25 25
87) Write 380 out of 500 insurance policies as a reduced fraction and as a percent. 87)
19 7.6 19 19
A) , 7.6% B) , 760% C) , 76% D) , 760%
25 100 25 25
89) Write three out of five computers as a decimal and as a percent. 89)
A) 0.6, 600% B) 0.6, 60% C) 0.6, 6% D) 6, 600%
Use the circle graph to solve the problem. Give your answer as a fraction, decimal, and as a percent.
90) The circle graph below shows the majors for 120 college students at Blackwood Community 90)
College. What portion of the students are majoring in science?
6
12 30
24
48
2 1
A) ; 0.4; 40% B) ; 0.33; 33%
5 3
2 1
C) ; 0.4; 4% D) ; 0.2; 20%
5 5
12
91) The circle graph below shows the majors for 60 college students at Blackwood Community 91)
College. What portion of the students are majoring in business?
3
6 15
12
24
1 1 1 1
A) ; 0.04; 4% B) ; 0.04; 40% C) ; 0.05; 0.5% D) ; 0.05; 5%
20 25 20 20
92) The circle graph below shows the majors for 240 college students at Blackwood Community 92)
College. What portion of the students are majoring in science?
30
24
80 16
90
1 3 1 3
A) ; 0.33; 3.3% B) ; 0.375; 3.75% C) ; 0.33; 33% D) ; 0.375; 37.5%
3 8 3 8
93) The circle graph below shows the majors for 720 college students at Blackwood Community 93)
College. What portion of the students are majoring in humanities? Round the decimal to
thousandths and the percent to hundredths.
90
72
240 48
270
1 1
A) ; 0.25; 25% B) ; 0.333; 33.33%
4 3
1 1
C) ; 0.25; 2.5% D) ; 0.333; 3.33%
4 3
13
94) The circle graph below shows the major for 1080 college students at Blackwood Community 94)
College. What portion of the students are majoring in social science?
135
108
360 72
405
1 1
A) ; 0.083; 0.83% B) ; 0.083; 8.3%
12 12
1 1
C) ; 0.1; 1% D) ; 0.1; 10%
10 10
part percent
Find the unknown value in the percent proportion = . Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
whole 100
95) part = 95, percent = 20 95)
A) whole = 4750 B) whole = 19 C) whole = 475 D) whole = 47.5
14
Solve the problem. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary
105) Find the whole if the part is 10 and the percent is 60. 105)
A) 8.4 B) 600 C) 1.7 D) 16.7
106) The part is 40 and the percent is 12. Find the whole. 106)
A) 33.3 B) 166.7 C) 333.3 D) 30
107) Find the percent if the part is 16 and the whole is 60. 107)
A) 375% B) 13.4% C) 2.7% D) 26.7%
108) The part is 45 and the whole is 8. Find the percent. 108)
A) 56.3% B) 562.5% C) 281.3% D) 17.8%
109) Find the percent if the part is 1.5 and the whole is 9.5. 109)
A) 7.9% B) 633.3% C) 1.6% D) 15.8%
110) The part is 1.5 and the whole is 5.25. Find the percent. 110)
A) 28.6% B) 350% C) 14.3% D) 2.9%
111) Find the part if the whole is 35 and the percent is 40. 111)
A) 114.3 B) 3.5 C) 17.5 D) 14
112) The whole is 11.4 and the percent is 35. Find the part. 112)
A) 4 B) 307 C) 5.7 D) 1.1
113) What is the part, if the percent is 110 and the whole is 2630? 113)
A) 289,300 B) 2893 C) 289 D) 28,930
Set up the percent proportion, and write "unknown" for the value that is not given. Recall that the percent proportion is
part percent
= . Do not try to solve for any unknowns.
whole 100
114) What is 7% of 87? 114)
87 7 unknown 87
A) = B) =
unknown 100 7 100
unknown 7 7 unknown
C) = D) =
87 100 87 100
15
117) 23.3% of 87 is what? 117)
87 23.3 23.3 unknown
A) = B) =
unknown 100 87 100
unknown 23.3 87 unknown
C) = D) =
87 100 23.3 100
16
Set up the percent proportion for the application problem. Do not try to solve for any unknowns.
124) A team won 13 of the 17 games it played. What percent of its games did it win? 124)
13 17 13 unknown
A) = B) =
unknown 100 17 100
unknown 13 17 unknown
C) = D) =
17 100 13 100
125) Sales tax of $23 is charged on an item that costs $900. What percent sales tax is charged? 125)
unknown 23 900 unknown
A) = B) =
900 100 23 100
23 unknown 23 900
C) = D) =
900 100 unknown 100
126) There are 260 quarts of grape juice in a vat holding a total of 2800 quarts of fruit juice. What 126)
percent is grape juice?
2800 unknown unknown 260
A) = B) =
260 100 2800 100
260 unknown 260 2800
C) = D) =
2800 100 unknown 100
127) A chemical is 62% pure. In 750 grams of the chemical, how much is pure? 127)
750 62 unknown 750
A) = B) =
unknown 100 62 100
62 unknown unknown 62
C) = D) =
750 100 750 100
128) 19% of Tom's check of $510 is withheld. How much is withheld? 128)
510 19 unknown 19
A) = B) =
unknown 100 510 100
unknown 510 19 unknown
C) = D) =
19 100 510 100
129) 20% of the baby salmon shipped from a hatchery do not arrive healthy. Of 5300 salmon shipped, 129)
how many do not arrive healthy?
5300 20 unknown 5300
A) = B) =
unknown 100 20 100
unknown 20 20 unknown
C) = D) =
5300 100 5300 100
130) In one storm, Springbrook got 49% of the season's snowfall. That winter, Springbrook had 38 130)
inches of snow. How many inches fell in the one storm?
unknown 38 49 unknown
A) = B) =
49 100 38 100
38 49 unknown 49
C) = D) =
unknown 100 38 100
17
131) In one state, the sales tax is 6%. On one purchase, the tax was $55. Find the cost of the item 131)
purchased.
unknown 6 6 unknown
A) = B) =
55 100 55 100
55 6 unknown 55
C) = D) =
unknown 100 6 100
132) In a one-day storm, Odentown received 15% of the normal rainfall for a season. Odentown 132)
received 9 inches of rain that day. How many inches of rain normally fall during the season?
unknown 9 unknown 15
A) = B) =
15 100 9 100
15 unknown 9 15
C) = D) =
9 100 unknown 100
1
140) 4 % of 8000 highways 140)
5
A) 33,600 highways B) 336 highways
C) 3360 highways D) 34 highways
18
142) 20 waiters is 8% of what number of waiters? 142)
A) 2500 B) 25 C) 160 D) 250
1
149) 2 % of what number of doctors is 82 doctors? 149)
2
A) 328 B) 2.05 C) 32,800 D) 3280
Find the percent using a proportion. Round your answer to the nearest tenth if necessary.
150) 961 hamsters is what percent of 1817 hamsters? 150)
A) 0.1% B) 52.9% C) 189.1% D) 0.5%
19
157) What percent of 177 meters is 10.4 meters? 157)
A) 1701.9% B) 5.9% C) 0.1% D) 0.2%
161) A chemical solution contains 1% salt. How much salt is in 2.5 mL of solution? 161)
A) 0.25 mL B) 250 mL C) 25 mL D) 0.025 mL
162) A hardware store had monthly sales of $79,200 and spent 8% of it on promotions. How much was 162)
spent on promotions?
A) $6336 B) $99,000 C) $990,000 D) $63,360
163) A savings bank invests $67,000 in municipal bonds and earns 9% per year on the investment. How 163)
much money is earned per year?
A) $744,444 B) $74,444 C) $6030 D) $60,300
164) A collection agency specializing in collecting past-due child support payments charges $26 as an 164)
application fee plus 16% of the amount collected. What is the total charge for collecting $7200 in
past-due child support payments?
A) $476 B) $45 C) $1152 D) $1178
165) A retail store had monthly sales of $94,200 and spent 2% of it on legal fees. How much was not 165)
spent on legal fees?
A) $923,160 B) $92,316 C) $1884 D) $188
166) 45.5% of the students at a certain college are men. If the total number of students at the college is 166)
4000, how many female students are there?
A) 2000 females B) 1820 females C) 2200 females D) 2180 females
1
167) A computer printer costs $650. If the sales tax rate is 8 %, what is the total cost? 167)
2
A) $711.75 B) $1202.50 C) $705.25 D) $698.75
168) Matthew has $2000 invested in the stock market. This amounts to 40% of his total savings. How 168)
much has Matthew saved?
A) $5010 B) $50,000 C) $5100 D) $5000
169) Andrew has $17 deducted from his paycheck each week for health insurance. This amounts to 2% 169)
of his gross income. What is his gross income?
A) $8500 B) $850 C) $900 D) $840
20
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Fig. 56. Spanish Treasure-Frigate of about 1590.
One of the most memorable of naval battles was that which was
fought on the Adriatic Sea in 1571. On the one side were the allied
forces of Venice, Spain, and the Papal States: on the other, the
Turks who were defeated. Galleys and galleasses played an
important part in obtaining this victory. To what development the
galley had attained since the times of the early Greeks and Romans
will be seen in Figs. 57 and 58. But in spite of all that history had
added to them, it is surprising how little they differ in essentials. Fig.
57 has been sketched from a model in the South Kensington
Museum. It is quite old, and is said to have belonged to the Knights
of Malta. Her dimensions if built to scale would work out at about 165
feet long, by 22 feet beam, with extreme beam from gunwale to
gunwale, 31 feet. The depth would be 9·9 feet, and the number of
sweeps 44. In the United Service Museum there is also an
instructive Maltese galley model of a large size which, though of the
eighteenth century, differed so little as to be closely similar to the
excellent illustration which we give in Fig. 58. This has been taken
from an important publication, of the beginning of the seventeenth
century, by Joseph Furttenbach, entitled “Architectura Navalis,”
printed at Ulm in 1629. As will be seen, each oar is still worked by a
gang of men. At the stern the captain sits with his knights by his side,
while at the extreme stern is the pilot. Along the corsia or gangway
down the ship walk two men with long poles with which to beat the
lazy oarsmen. The principal armament was carried in the bows and
so was unable to be used for broadside fire. Notice also the survival
of the trumpeters. The length of this vessel was 169 feet from beak
to stern, with an extreme beam of about 20 feet. The word antennæ
is still found at this time as applied to the yards. In spite of the
handiness of the galley and her consequent popularity in the
Mediterranean, she was thoroughly despised by Elizabethan
seamen. Much more after their own heart was the nave or ship
shown in Fig. 59, and also taken out of Furttenbach. The reader will
notice a wise restriction of high-charged structures. This vessel, in
fact, shows a steady improvement in naval architecture. Thus,
besides the lateen mizzen she carries a square topsail above, while
in addition to the spritsail seen furled to its yard on the bowsprit,
there has now been added a sprit topsail whose yard is seen to hoist
up a sprit topmast. When we compare this vessel with the wooden
walls of the eighteenth century, she will be seen to be wonderfully
modern. The last traces of crude mediævalism are disappearing.
Science in design has fast begun to supplant rule of thumb and
guess-work based only on ignorance. Skill has taken the place of
inexperience in the work of the shipwright, and both design and
construction have been based on the knowledge obtained not only in
long and tedious voyages, but in the brisk fighting between nation
and nation and privateer against treasure ship and trader. In the
same volume of Furttenbach a useful plan of the lines of this ship is
given, from which we see that whilst the mainmast is stepped at the
keelson, the fore and mizzen are stepped on the main deck.
In 1603 James built three new ships for the Navy, and five years
later the Ark Royal of Elizabeth’s reign was rebuilt and renamed the
Anne Royal. In 1608 the keel was laid for the Prince Royal, a ship of
1200 tons, whose appearance will be found in Fig. 60. This
illustration is from a picture in the Trinity House, and is here
reproduced by kind permission of the Elder Brethren. She was the
largest and finest ship that had ever been designed for the English
Navy, and was the finest man-of-war of her time. She was both built
and designed under the supervision of Phineas Pett, Master of Arts
of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, a distinguished member of a
distinguished family which, from the reign of Henry VIII. right down to
William and Mary kept up a continuous line of naval builders and
architects. An unsuccessful attempt was made to launch her on
September 24, 1610, when it was found that the dock head at
Woolwich was too narrow to allow her to get through. She was
eventually launched successfully, however, at a later date. She was
a three-decker in the sense that she had two full batteries and an
upper deck armed. Gorgeously decorated with carvings and
paintings the Prince Royal was double-planked, and with but slight
modifications, chiefly in respect of her decoration, would not be
dissimilar to the ships built at the beginning of the nineteenth
century. Indeed so slight, comparatively, were the developments that
took place between this and the time of the Battle of Trafalgar that
the ships of the early Stuarts would not have looked out of place
among the ships of Nelson’s fleet. Between now and the close of the
eighteenth century the similarity between men-of-war and
merchantmen was so close as to make distinction practically
impossible. That, too, will account for the fact of the English in the
foregoing imaginary encounter by Smith asking whether the Spanish
vessel were a merchant or man-of-war. We have made so many
changes between the two classes of ships since then that it is a little
difficult at first to realise this.
In the design of the Prince Royal, many of the old-fashioned
conventionalities went by the board, and, as is always the case with
a daring innovation, hostile criticisms were not scarce. Some of
these, however, were justified, for when a Commission was
appointed to report on the design, it was found that more than
double the number of loads of timber were used than had been
estimated for. The Prince Royal had a figurehead representing the
King’s son on horseback, after whom she was named. Her
dimensions were: length of keel, 114 feet; beam, 44 feet. She was
pierced for 64 guns and carried 55. This number was restricted in
order to guard against the excessive top-weight. In action the vacant
portholes would be filled by guns from the opposite side of the ship.
The reader will notice how close the similarity is between the hull of
this ship and that of the merchantman in Fig. 59, of this period, taken
from Furttenbach. The disappearance of the high poop and
forecastles is particularly obvious. Three lanterns were carried at the
poop, and subsequently this vessel was cut down smaller. At the
beginning of the seventeenth century the lowest decks of ships
carried the bread and other store-rooms, the cables, the officers’
cabins as well as some of the crew. The second deck was about 6
feet above and pierced with nine ports aside.
By 1624, James’ navy contained four ships of the first rank, viz.,
the Prince Royal, the Bear, the Merhonour and the old Ark Royal,
now called the Anne Royal. Besides these there were fifteen of the
second rank, nine of the third, and four of the fourth, as well as some
hoys. It is curious to find, too, the existence still, in the navy, of four
galleys. They were a source of constant expense, being never used
now that the value of big ships had been realised, and they were
eventually ordered to be sold out of the service.
Charles I. took the liveliest interest in the Navy, and under him
naval architecture continued its progression. The first additions he
was responsible for were not of big ships, but of the sea-going
pinnesses of about 50 tons and under, equipped with both oars and
sails. They were square-rigged, three-masted, and had two decks.
They were, however, sparred and ordnanced far too heavily. In spite
of the fact that England had built a few large ships during the last
century, she had not been conspicuously active in this respect. Far
easier and cheaper had it been to capture the pick of the enemy’s
fleet, and then to refit them and turn the prizes into English men-of-
war. But this lethargy was beginning to disappear. Pett was one of
the chief influences in regard to this, and it was he who, having
closely studied the lines of a fine French ship lying in British waters,
learned some of the improvements that afterwards were embodied in
the ships of our country.
Fig. 61. The “Sovereign of the Seas.” Built in 1637.