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CBSE Notes > CBSE Notes For Class 8 > Class 8 Science Notes

Force and Pressure

Class 8 Notes - Chapter
11

Introduction What Is It Playing With It

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this

chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 8.

Introduction
In science, a push or pull of an object is known
as force. The interaction between two objects
arises force. Force has both magnitude and
direction. The strength of a force is expressed
in magnitude. Force brings about a change in
the direction or state of motion of a body. In
Class 8 Science Chapter 11, various
characteristics of force, along with the types of
force are discussed.

Push
A push is a force exerted away from the body,
for example, Hitting a snooker ball, or kicking a
football.

For more information on Force – A Push

or A Pull, watch the below video

27,460
To know more about “Force – Pull and Push”,
visit here.

Magnetic force
The force of attraction or repulsion between
two magnetic bodies due to their poles is
known as a magnetic force.

To know more about Magnetic Force, visit here.

What Is It?

Pull
A pull is a force exerted towards the body, for
example, drawing a bucket of water from a
well or playing tug of war.

Force
A force is a push or a pull.

The interaction between objects can

change the state of the objects.

To know more about Force, visit here.

For more information on Introduction to

Force and Its Types, watch the below
video

1,45,996
To know more about Types of Force, visit here.

Playing With It

Net force
The result of all the forces acting on a
body is known as the net force.

The acceleration of the body is along the

direction of the net force.

Frictional force
The force that opposes the
relative motion between two surfaces.

Acts between the surface of the two

bodies in contact.

Type of contact force.

To know more about Frictional Force, visit here.

What Can Force Do?

Vector
– Vector quantities are expressed in
magnitude as well as the direction of the
object. For example, velocity, displacement,
weight, momentum, force, acceleration etc.
– Vectors are used to find the resultant
component acting on a body.
– When multiple forces act on a body, they
can be resolved into one component known as
the net force acting on the object.
Example:

Vectors are also useful when the force acts at

an angle to the horizontal.

Application of Force
– A force is an effort that changes the state of
an object at rest or in motion.
– It can change an object’s direction and
velocity.
– Force can also change the shape of an
object.

State of Motion
The state of motion of an object is defined by
its velocity – the speed with a direction. Thus,
inertia could be redefined as follows:
Inertia = tendency of an object to resist
changes in its velocity.
An object at rest has zero velocity – and (in the
absence of an unbalanced force) will remain
with a zero velocity; it will not change its state
of motion (i.e., velocity). An object in motion
with a velocity of 2 m/s, East; will (in the
absence of an unbalanced force) remain in
motion with a velocity of 2 m/s, East; it will not
change its state of motion (i.e., velocity).
Objects resist changes in their velocity.

Types of Forces

Contact
Touch or contact is required to do most of our
everyday activities. For example, lifting, pulling,
kicking, pushing etc.

Contact forces
Forces that require a touch or contact to be
applied are known as contact forces. For
example, muscular forces and frictional forces

Muscular force
The force applied by the effort of our muscles,
for example, lifting a heavy box, pulling a
bucket of water or pedalling a cycle.

Non-contact forces
Forces that do not need contact or that
have their influence without a touch. For
example, magnetic force, electrostatic
force, and gravitational force.

For more information on Non-Contact

Forces, watch the below video

Gravitational force
The attractive force that a body
experiences towards the centre of the
earth is called the force of gravity due to
earth.

Property of the universe, every object

attracts or exerts a force on every other
object.

Electrostatic force
The force of attraction or repulsion
experienced by a charged body from another
charged body in the same vicinity is known as
Electrostatic Force.

Nuclear forces
The nuclear force acts between all the
particles in the nucleus. i.e., between two
neutrons, between two protons and
between a neutron and a proton.

It is an attractive force in all cases.

It is the force that keeps the nucleus

intact by overcoming the enormous
repulsive force between positive protons.

Thrust and Pressure

Pressure
Force acting per unit area is known as
pressure.

\(\begin{array}{l}P=\frac{force}
{area}\end{array} \)

SI unit is Pascal.

For More Information On Thrust and

Pressure, Watch The Below Video:

1,78,508
To know more about Thrust and Pressure, visit
here.

Distribution of pressure
Force acting on a smaller area applies
more pressure than the same force
acting on a larger area.

Examples: Porters place a round cloth on

their heads to increase surface area and
reduce pressure.

A sharp knife cuts better as more

pressure is exerted over a smaller area.

Pressure in fluids
The pressure exerted by a fluid(gases or
liquids) in a container is transmitted
undiminished in all direction on the walls of the
container.

To know more about Fluid Pressure, visit here.

Upthrust
The upward force exerted by a fluid on an
object is known as upthrust or buoyant force.

Atmospheric Pressure

Gaseous pressure
Gases exert the same pressure on the walls of
the container in all directions.

Atmospheric pressure
Our atmosphere extends to several
kilometres above sea level. The weight of
the air acts as pressure known as
atmospheric pressure.

The pressure in our body balances the

atmospheric pressure and that is why we
do not feel it.

To know more about Atmospheric Pressure,

visit here.

Also Access

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter

11

NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter

11

Learn more about force and its various

characteristics and other related topics,
including class 8 Science notes, at BYJU’S.

Also, Read

Types of Force Force and Motion

Frequently Asked Questions on

CBSE Class 8 Science Notes
Chapter 11 Force and Pressure

Q1 What is ‘Spring force’?

Spring force is a restoring force that tends

to retract the spring back to its original
position.

Q2 What are Non-contact forces?

A non-contact force is a force which acts

on an object without coming physically in
contact with it.

Q3 What is ‘Thrust’?

Thrust is defined as quickly pushing with

force.

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