BUSI 1377 - Session 1: The Patterns We Live Under

Session Overview:
 Introduction: This lesson starts with the presentation of the module, specifically client
and technology aspects. Aims at stressing systems thinking as well as studying general
characteristics of systems.
 Key Concepts: Population ecology and the ‘S’ curve was used to explain a better cure
was attainable since both technology and biological life cycle has saturation levels.
 Historical Perspective: Explains how a number of inventions have developed from the
basic implements like flint to the present day gadgets including the mobile phones.
Summarizes resistance to technological changes.
 Future Technology: Discusses how current technologies are going to affect the future
with the help of exemplification, in this case focusing on mobile phones.
 Assignments and Exercises: Consists of Some weekly wiki contributions and a group
report at the end of the semester. Group activity involving the presentation of views by
different authors, having reviewed a number of authors’ works beforehand.
 Discussion Points: Describes the connectedness of activities worldwide and the concept
of the load factor in systems and applications.
Key Quotes and References:
 Rogers, E. M. (2003). "Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edition." Simon and Schuster. This
book provides insights into how innovations spread and the factors influencing their
adoption.
 Pew Research Center. (2019). "Humanity is at a precipice; its future is at stake." This
article discusses the future impacts of digital life and technology.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 1: The Patterns We Live Under." University
of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Pew Research Center. (2019). "Humanity is at a precipice; its future is at stake."
Discusses the future impacts of digital life and technology.
 Dan Nessler (2020). "How to rethink the Design process, fail, reflect and iterate." UX
Design. This article discusses iterative design processes and the importance of reflecting
on failures.
BUSI 1377 - Session 2: Design Processes, Baggage, Assumptions, and a Day in the Life of a
Requirement
Session Overview:
 Introduction: Brief review of the prior week’s topics discussed as a part of this course
such as technological change, investment barriers, and interconnectedness.
 Design Process: Overview of various phases of the product and services design as
described by the double diamond design process. This template stresses on the aspect of
defining needs and clearly defining them.
 Baggage and Assumptions: General deliberation on how designers and requirement
gatherers bring in their mental filters into the processes. Emphasizes how in schools,
conjectures may turn into facts without evidence.
 Practical Examples: Examples of using the concept of assumptions in real-life concerns
like developing the sales platform through the World Wide Web and Warehouse.
 Finding Hidden Assumptions: Strategies on how to question and eliminate blind spots,
including dealing with the first mistake and overconfidence.
 Estimating and Managing Assumptions: Introducing a range to deal with the
assumptions and risk involved in a project as well as the three-point estimation technique.
Key Quotes and References:
 Dan Nessler (2020). "How to rethink the Design process, fail, reflect and iterate." UX
Design. This article discusses iterative design processes and the importance of reflecting
on failures.
 Harvard Business Review (2012). "How to Minimize Your Biases When Making
Decisions." This article provides strategies for reducing biases in decision-making.
 Project Smart. "Estimating Project Costs." This resource discusses techniques for
accurately estimating project costs and managing risks.
External Resources:
 Harvard Business Review (2012). "How to Minimize Your Biases When Making
Decisions." Provides strategies for reducing biases in decision-making.
 Project Smart. "Estimating Project Costs." Discusses techniques for accurately estimating
project costs and managing risks.
BUSI 1377 - Session 3: Creativity in Requirements Engineering
Session Overview:
 Introduction: It has highlighted the position of creativity in RE.
 Key Concepts: Looking at approaches and strategies for encouraging creativity in RE
including the generation strategies like brainstorming and mind mapping.
 Frameworks and Models: The various frameworks that can help support creative RE
practices.
 Case Studies: Collection of case studies for the use of creative techniques in the RE
process.
 Exercises: Solutions, or in this case step-by-step practices as to how certain creativity
techniques can be exercised and implemented in coming up with the requirements.
Key Quotes and References:
 "A framework for understanding creativity in requirements engineering" (2023).
University of Greenwich. This document provides a comprehensive framework for
incorporating creativity into RE.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 3: Creativity in Requirements Engineering."
University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Maiden, N. A. M., Jones, S., & Robertson, S. (2010). "A framework for understanding
creativity in requirements engineering." Requirements Engineering, 15(3), 189-208.
Provides a comprehensive framework for incorporating creativity into RE.

BUSI 1377 - Session 4: Chaos and Complexity in Requirements Engineering

Session Overview:
 Introduction: They talk about the chaos and complexity in the teaching of RE to various
groups of people during the session.
 Key Concepts: The awareness of how C2SS complicates the requirements engineering
process.
 Models and Theories: Overview of the models used in the managing of chaos and
complexity in RE.
 Practical Applications: Strategies of managing complexity in requirements capturing
and analysis.
  Case Studies: Real life example of dealing with the issues of complexity in the large
scale projects.
Key Quotes and References:
 "Chaos Theory and Complexity in Requirements Engineering" (2023). University of
Greenwich. This document explores the application of chaos theory in RE.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 4: Chaos and Complexity." University of
Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Stacey, R. D. (1996). "Complexity and Creativity in Organizations." Berrett-Koehler
Publishers. Explores the application of chaos theory and complexity in organizational
contexts.

BUSI 1377 - Session 5: Elicitation

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Concentration on the activity of identifying requirements from
stakeholders.
 Key Techniques: The types of elicitation include interview, questionnaires, and focus
group discussion.
 Challenges: Experiences of the research staff and how they coped with problems that
may occur during elicitation activity.
 Tools and Methods: Techniques to improve the process of requirements gathering and
understanding.
 Exercises: Role play exercises for using elicitation techniques in an organization’s
specific context.
Key Quotes and References:
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 5: Elicitation." University of Greenwich.
 "Effective Elicitation Techniques in Requirements Engineering" (2023). University of
Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Sommerville, I., & Sawyer, P. (1997). "Requirements Engineering: A Good Practice
Guide." John Wiley & Sons. Covers effective elicitation techniques in RE.
BUSI 1377 - Session 6: Requirements Complexity
Session Overview:
 Introduction: Discussion of the aspects that make requirements complex and
examination of how this influences the RE process.
 Key Concepts: Analyzing where requirements are received and the sources of
complexity.
 Managing Complexity: Ideal practices with regard to the complications of the
requirement.
 Case Studies: Examples of the management of the requirements within a range of
different projects.
 Exercises: Practical activities to help a manager to check the main sources of
requirements complexity.
Key Quotes and References:
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 6: Requirements Complexity." University of
Greenwich.
 "Managing Complexity in Requirements Engineering" (2023). University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Nuseibeh, B., & Easterbrook, S. (2000). "Requirements engineering: a roadmap."
Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering. Discusses
managing complexity in RE.

BUSI 1377 - Session 7: Research Papers

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Outlining of various papers that are related to RE.
 Key Themes: PROPOSAL Analyzing current research to define the major themes and
trends in RE study.
 Critical Analysis: Methods of evaluating scholarly articles for criticisms.
 Application: Success of RE based on ideas from research papers: How to approve the
gained knowledge.
 Discussion: Discussions in groups concerning the effects of the latest studies to RE
practices.
Key Quotes and References:
  Various authors. "Selected Research Papers on Requirements Engineering" (2023).
University of Greenwich. This collection includes papers on RE methodologies,
challenges, and innovations.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 7: Some Research Papers." University of
Greenwich.
External Resources:
 "Naming the Pain in Requirements Engineering: Design of a Global Family of Surveys
and First Results from Germany." (2017). This paper highlights common problems in RE
practices.

BUSI 1377 - Session 8: Elicitation 2

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Techniques used in the enhancement of requirements gathering.
 Key Techniques: There are number of techniques to implement effective use cases, for
instance, use case modeling, the method of scenario analysis, and utilization of
prototypes.
 Challenges: Dealing with advanced issues of elicitation.
 Tools and Methods: Other tools and techniques of elicitation that are more sophisticated.
 Exercises: Training module for Specific advanced elicitation indicators and how to apply
them though practical activities.
Key Quotes and References:
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 8: Elicitation 2." University of Greenwich.
 "Advanced Techniques in Requirements Elicitation" (2023). University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Robertson, S., & Robertson, J. (2012). "Mastering the Requirements Process: Getting
Requirements Right." Addison-Wesley. Covers advanced techniques in requirements
elicitation.

BUSI 1377 - Session 9: Requirements Engineering and AI

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Analysis of the effect that AI will have on RE.
  AI in RE: How incorporation of AI can be applied in support of the RE process and
integration into requirements.
 Disruptive Effects: The disintegration effect that can be brought by AI into RE.
 Tools and Techniques: AI tools and techniques that are related to the subject area known
as RE.
 Research and Trends: Current advancements in the use of AI and RE and theoretical
research in this area.
 Exercises: The hands-on sessions aimed at introducing AI ideas to RE.
Key Quotes and References:
 Borgida, A. (1986). "Knowledge Representations as the Basis for Requirements
Specifications." ScienceDirect. This paper discusses how AI techniques can support RE.
 Goggioli, A., et al. (2015). "Human-Computer Confluence: New User Interfaces." De
Gruyter. This book explores the intersection of AI and human-computer interaction.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 9: Requirements Engineering and AI."
University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Borgida, A. (1986). "Knowledge Representations as the Basis for Requirements
Specifications." ScienceDirect. Discusses how AI techniques can support RE.
 Goggioli, A., et al. (2015). "Human-Computer Confluence: New User Interfaces." De
Gruyter. Explores the intersection of AI and human-computer interaction.

BUSI 1377 - Session 10: Cyber-Physical-Social Requirements Engineering

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Discussion on the cyber–physical–social environment for RE.
 Industry 4.0 and IoT: Further, assessment of how Industry 4. 0 and IoT affects RE.
 Key Concepts: Overview of the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and
interactions with social systems.
 Challenges: Met: Considering, issues in RE for CPS-SoS.
 Research and Trends: Discussing current tendencies and investigations of the area.
 Exercises: Exercises that allow the implementation of RE techniques in cyber-physical-
social settings.
Key Quotes and References:
  Kirikova, M. (2020). "Continuous Requirements Engineering in the Context of Socio-
cyber-Physical Systems." Springer. This paper discusses the integration of CPS and
social systems in RE.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 10: Cyber-Physical-Social RE." University of
Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Kirikova, M. (2020). "Continuous Requirements Engineering in the Context of Socio-
cyber-Physical Systems." Springer. Discusses the integration of CPS and social systems
in RE.

BUSI 1377 - Session 11: Requirements Engineering in Systems of Systems (SoS)

Session Overview:
 Introduction: Specifically, this paper aims at investigating the RE in the frame of SoS.
 Key Concepts: In this paper we endeavour to gain an appreciation of what SoS is, it’s
attributes and associated issues.
 Models and Frameworks: Begin to discuss RE models and frameworks to facilitate the
practice of RE in SoS.
 Case Studies: A brief categorization of applications of reliability engineering in SoS
projects.
 Exercises: Incorporation of exercises on the actual use of RE techniques in SoS
problems.
Key Quotes and References:
 Lewis, G. (2009). "A Structural Viewpoint of Systems of Systems." ScienceDirect. This
paper provides a structural perspective on SoS engineering.
 Maier, M. W. (1998). "Architecting Principles for Systems-of-Systems." Systems
Engineering. This article outlines key principles for architecting SoS.
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 11: RE in SoS." University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Lewis, G. (2009). "A Structural Viewpoint of Systems of Systems." ScienceDirect.
Provides a structural perspective on SoS engineering.
 Maier, M. W. (1998). "Architecting Principles for Systems-of-Systems." Systems
Engineering. Outlines key principles for architecting SoS.
BUSI 1377 - Session 12: Summary
Session Overview:
 Review: Review of all the previous session, brief tutorial on the overview of the
important ideas and themes that have been addressed so far.
 Integration: Delivering all the overall ideas and the synthesis of all the material in the
form of a clear understanding of what RE is.
 Future Directions: Some of the questions include; Future of RE, Trends facing RE, the
future challenges of RE and likely future changes in RE.
 Final Discussion: General debate on the solution of RE techniques in a number of
situations.
Key Quotes and References:
 Sharp, M. W. (2023). "BUSI 1377 Session 12: Summary." University of Greenwich.
External Resources:
 Various articles and publications from IEEE Xplore, Springer, and ScienceDirect
databases to stay updated with the latest research and trends in RE.