SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: CHEMICALS
CLASS: JSS2
 CHEMICALS
• Chemicals; are substances which have molecular
composition and characteristics properties.
• They exist in solids, liquids and gases.
 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICALS
Chemicals are classified into the following:
• Based on used e.g agrochemicals, industrial chemicals,
laboratory chemicals, nuclear chemicals chemicals,
pharmaceuticals and cosmetics chemicals.
• Based on hazardous nature e.g highly hazardous and toxic,
moderately hazardous and non-hazardous or non-toxic
chemicals.
 USES OF CHEMICALS
• Agrochemicals are chemicals used in agriculture to improve the
quantities and qualities of crops and animals’ example of agrochemicals
and their uses are;
• Fertilizers; are inorganic chemicals used to improve the fertility of the
soil e.g. n.p.k , ammonium trioxonitrate etc.
• Pesticides; these are chemicals that are used to kill, control and repel
pests. Pest are natural enemies affecting crops and may include weeds,
insects, rats etc.
• some pesticides are disinfector its, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides.
 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
• Industrial chemicals which are manufactured for different industrial
applications, some of the commonly used industrial chemicals are;
• Chlorine; this is mainly used for manufacturing bleaching agents and
also used to kill germ in pure water industry.
• Tetra oxosulphate (vi) acids; this is used to neutralize the effect of
alkaline substances it is also used as an industrial cleaning agent to
remove rust and scales from iron and steel.
• Nitrogen; this is used to control reaction temperatures and prevent
explosions.
 LABORATORY CHEMICALS

• Laboratory chemicals are the chemicals used for different

scientific works. chemicals used in a chemistry laboratory
include acids, base and indicators.
 PHARMACEUTICALS

• Pharmaceuticals chemicals are drugs which are used for medical

treatment and prevention of different types of diseases.
• Drugs are composed of chemical substances and can exist in various
forms such as Tablets, capsules, syrups, suspension which can be taken
orally.
• Powder and solution which can be inhaled.
• Ointments, creams plater which can be apply to skin
• We have different types of drugs which are antibiotics, antiseptics and
analgesics.
 COSMETICS

• This are body care substances used to enhance the

appearance or odour of human body.
• They are general mixtures of chemical compound derive
from natural and synthetic sources.
• Cosmetics include skin care creams lotion, powder, preforms,
lipsticks, soaps, hair creams, sprays etc.