INVERSION IN ENGLISH

 Lí thuyết về Đảo ngữ

 Các câu đảo ngữ đã ra trong các đề thi ĐH, CĐ các năm

Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng
ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ.
Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi
mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính:

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....hiếm khi
mà
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY
Only one Chỉ bằng cách này/ kia
Only one did I meet her
Only later
Only in this way:
Only in that way:
Only in this way could the problem be solved
Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V
Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì
Only after all gest had gone home could we relax
Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently
Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì
Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
Only when I understand her did I like her
Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì
Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
Only if + clause
Only in + adv of time/ place
4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: Không bao giờ
The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
On no condition
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no accout must this switch be touched.
On no account should you be late for the Exam.
Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
For no reason
In no way: Không sao có thể
In no way could I agree with you.
No longer: Không còn nữa
The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid
On no condition shall we accept their proposal
By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
5. No sooner.......... than.....Vừa mới...thì đã...
Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely........ When/ before
Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang.
(= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.)
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
(= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.)
Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
(= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.)
No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.
(= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.)
No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.
(= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.)
6. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also.....không những…….mà còn…..
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but.... also..........
Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
7. Đảo ngữ với SO
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
So dark is it that I can't write
So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it
So attractive is she that many boys run after her
So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview

8. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
· Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
· Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).
Lưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such”
The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it.
=> Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it.
There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money.
=> Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money.

9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V

I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home
= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key

10. Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V

No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country

11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V
(Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
Should she come late she wil miss the train
Should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
(Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you........
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her........
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+V3ED
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me...........
CÁC CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HỌC CAO ĐẲNG CÁC NĂM
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2005
50. She not only passed the exam but also got a prize. (Not only)

Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2004

47. The Picasso painting was so expensive that nobody could buy it.

Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 1

10. We didn't realise how serious the situation was.

Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 3

8. No sooner had we started the picnic, .............. the rain began pouring down!
A. than B. when C. that D. and
23. If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble.
Were
Đề thi tuyển sinh Bến Tre
10. Hardly....................................attack people.
A. have snakes B. do snakes C. snakes do D. snakes have
2. Woman in developed countries no longer bear many children.
No longer
Đề thi tuyển sinh CĐSP Trà Vinh
41. Woman nowadays no longer depend on their husband.
No longer
Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện Ngân hàng – Phân viện TP. Hồ Chí Minh
5. John didn't celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.
Not until
Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện quan hệ Quốc tế
2. He never suspected that she was a witch.
At no time
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2010
Question 42: ______ but he also proved himself a good athlete.
A. Not only he showed himself a good student
B. He did not show himself only a good student
C. Not only did he show himself a good student
D. A good student not only showed him
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2009
Question 9: Not until the end of the 19th century ______ become a scientific discipline.
A. plant breeding has B. did plant breeding C. plant breeding had D. has plant
breeding
Question 28: Had she worked harder last summer, she ______.
A. wouldn't have been sacked B. wouldn't have sacked
C. wouldn't sack D. wouldn't be sacked
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2009
Question 44: ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. No longer has B. No sooner had C. Not until had D. Hardly had
Question 61: Only when you grow up ______ the truth.
A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2008
Câu 71: ______, he would have learned how to read.
A. If he has been able to go school as a child B. If he could go to school as a child
C. Were he able to go to school as a child D. Had he been able to go to school as a child
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2008
Câu 23: _______, they would have had what they wanted.
A. If they arrived at the fair early B. Had they arrived at the fair early
C. Unless they arrived at the fair early enough D. Supposing they were arriving at the fair
early
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2007
Câu 12: _______ that she burst into tears.
A. Her anger was such B. So angry she was C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was
Câu 25: No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
A. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
B. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back.
C. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
D. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.
Câu 30: Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age.
A. have historical changes been B. have been historical changes
C. historical changes have been D. historical have changes been
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. She had never been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
–> So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
–> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
–> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John.
6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
–> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.
8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.
–> Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete.
Phần I. Lý thuyết
1. Định nghĩa, chức năng
Đảo ngữ là dạng câu đặt trợ động từ (hoặc động từ TOBE) hoặc trạng từ lên đầu câu để nhấn
mạnh yếu tố quan trọng muốn đề cập trong câu.
2. Các dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp
*Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định:
Một số trạng từ phủ định như:
- Seldom, rarely, scarcely (hiếm khi)
- Never (không bao giờ)
- Hardly (hầu như không)
- Little (ít khi, hiếm khi)
- Hardly ever (hầu như không bao giờ)
Cấu trúc: Trạng từ phủ định + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ: Rarely does Jane go to the library. (Jane hiếm khi đến thư viện).
Chú ý: Việc chia thì của trợ động từ phụ thuộc vào thì của câu.
*Đảo ngữ với nhóm từ chứa “no”:
Các nhóm từ chứa “no”:
- at no time: không bao giờ
- on no condition: không đủ điều kiện, dù thế nào
- on no account: không thể vì lý do nào
- under/ in no circumstances: không bao giờ
- for no searson: không có lý do gì
- in no way: không thể nào, không thể
- no longer: không..........nữa
- nowhere: không nơi nào
Cấu trúc: Trạng từ chứa “no” + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ: For no reason do we give up. (Không có lý do gì để chúng ta bỏ cuộc).
*Đảo ngữ với So:
Cấu trúc:
- So + adj (tính từ) + tobe + S + that + clause (mệnh đề)
- So + adv (trạng từ) + trợ động từ + S + V + that + clause
Ví dụ 1: So beautiful is she that she can become The Miss World.
Ví dụ 2: So quickly did he drive that the police couldn’t catch him.
*Đảo ngữ với Such:
Cấu trúc:
- Such + tobe + (a/an) + adj + N + that + clause
- Such + (a/an) + adj + N + tobe + that + clause
Ví dụ: Such is a beautiful dress that I want to buy it. (Cái váy đẹp tới nỗi tôi muốn mua nó).
*Đảo ngữ với nhóm từ chứa “only”:
- Cấu trúc 1 áp dụng với các cụm:
+ only once: chỉ 1 lần
+ only later: chỉ sau đó
+ only in this/ that way: chỉ bằng cách này/ cách đó
+ only after + V.ing/N : chỉ sau khi
+ only by + V.ing/N: chỉ bằng cách, bằng việc
+ only with + N: chỉ với
+ only then: chỉ sau đó
 + only + giới từ + thời gian: chỉ vào lúc
Các cụm từ chứa “only” trên + trạng từ + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ: Only by working hard can you make a lot of money.
- Cấu trúc 2 áp dụng với các cụm:
+ only when: chỉ khi
+ only after: chỉ sau khi
+ only if: chỉ nếu mà
Các cụm từ chứa “only” trên + S1 + V1 (+O1) + trợ động từ + S2 + V2
Ví dụ: Only when they broke up did he understand his love for her.
- Cấu trúc 3 với “not only…but also” (không những… mà còn):
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V1 + but + S + also + V2
Ví dụ: Not only does he play football well, but he also study well.
*Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với các nhóm từ kết hợp:
- No sooner … than … (vừa mới … thì)
- Hardly … when… (vừa mới … thì)
No sooner/ Hardly + had + S + VP2 + than/ when + S + V-quá khứ đơn
Ví dụ: No sooner had I studied than it cut off the power.
*Đảo ngữ với trạng từ chỉ địa điểm:
Các trạng từ chỉ địa điểm:
+ here: ở đây
+ there: ở đó
+ giới từ (on/in/at/…) + địa điểm
Cấu trúc: Các trạng từ chỉ địa điểm + V + S
Ví dụ: Here had an accident. (Ở đây đã có 1 vụ tai nạn).
Lưu ý: Trường hợp chủ ngữ là các đại từ nhân xưng như I, you, we, they, he, she, it, cấu
trúc sẽ như sau: Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm + S + V
Ví dụ: There they are. (Họ ở đó).
Phần II. Bài tập
Task 1. Hãy chuyển sang dạng đảo ngữ những câu sau
1. He is so intelligent that he always scores high.
⇒ So….......
2. He hardly bought an insurance when he had an accident.
(1) ⇒ Hardly.......
(2) ⇒ No sooner.......
3. The thief ran away.
⇒ Away.......
4. I could drive motorbike only when I reached 18.
⇒ Only when.......
5. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
⇒ No sooner .......
6. He is both intelligent and handsome.
⇒ Not only.......
7. She will never accept his proposal.
⇒ At no time.......
8. Mr. Bean rarely showed his intelligence.
⇒ Rarely.......
9. I phone him as soon as I went home.
(1) ⇒ No sooner.......
(2) ⇒ Scarcely.......
10. He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
⇒ Only after.......
Task 2. Hãy chuyển sang dạng đảo ngữ những câu sau
1. He dived into the sea.
⇒ Into.......
2. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him
⇒ Such.......
3. She is such a gentle girl that she speaks very softly.
⇒ Such.......
4. The girl lay on the bed.
⇒ On.......
5. It was not until she was 18 that she went abroad.
⇒ Not until.......
6. We can only improve our skills by training hard.
⇒ Only.......
7. We are here.
⇒ Here.......
8. He no longer drinks coffee.
⇒ No longer.......
9. He stood outside the door.
⇒ Outside.......
10. It was not until they were robbed of money that they became more careful.
⇒ Not until.......
Task 3. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
⇒ No sooner........
2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
⇒ Hardly........
3. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
⇒ Not until........
4. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
⇒ Only........
5. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
⇒ Under the table........
6. His brother had rarely been more excited.
⇒ Rarely........
7. The facts were not all made public until later.
⇒ Only........
8. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
⇒ Had........
Task 4. Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. She had never been so happy before.
⇒ Never before.......
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
⇒ Never.........
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
⇒ Never in my life.......
4. Our profits have never been higher than they are this year.
⇒ Never.......
5. The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
⇒ Never.......
6. I've never come across such a horrifying film.
⇒ Never.......
7. I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
⇒ Never.......
Task 5. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1. He is my friend as well as yours.
⇒ Not only.......
2. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
⇒ Not only.......
3. Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder.
⇒ Not only.......
4. He is both intelligent and handsome.
⇒ Not only.......
5. She is impatient and dishonest.
⇒ Not only.......
6. The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat.
⇒ Not.......
7. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
⇒ Not.......
8. She is not only beautiful but also attractive.
⇒ Not........
Task 6. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. One rarely finds good service these days.
⇒ Rarely.......
2. She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village.
⇒ Rarely.......
3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
⇒ Seldom.......
4. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
⇒ Seldom.......
5. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
⇒ Little.......
6. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
⇒ Little.......
8. He has seldom seen anything stranger
⇒ Seldom.......
Hiển thị đáp án
Task 7. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
⇒ Not only........
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
⇒ No sooner ........
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
⇒ Hardly ........
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
⇒ Not until ........
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
⇒ Only ........
Task 8. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.
⇒ Such........
2. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
⇒ Not only ........
3. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
⇒ Little ........
4. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
⇒ Should........
5. The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way.
⇒ In ........
Hiển thị đáp án
1. So intelligent is he that he always scores high.
2. (1) ⇒ Hardly had he bought an insurance when he had an accident.
(2) ⇒ No sooner had he bought an insurance bike than he had an accident.
3. Away ran the thief.
4. Only when I reached 18 could I drive motorbike.
5. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
6. Not only is he intelligent but also handsome.
7. At no time will she accept his proposal.
8. Rarely did Mr. Bean show his intelligence.
9. (1) ⇒ No sooner had I gone home than I phoned him.
(2) ⇒ Scarcely had I gone home when I phoned him.
10. Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Into the sea he dived.
2. Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him.
3. Such is a gentle girl that she speaks very softly.
hoặc: Such a gentle girl is she that she speaks very softly.
4. On the bed lay the girl
5. Not until she was 18 did she go abroad.
6. Only by training hard can we improve our skills.
7. Here we are.
8. No longer does he drink coffee.
9. Outside the door he stood.
10. Not until they were robbed of money did they become more careful.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang.
2. Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
3. Not until the bell rang did he finish his work.
4. Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease.
5. Under the table was lying a sleeping dog.
6. Rarely had his brother been more excited.
7. Only until later were the facts all made public
8. Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Never before had she been so happy.
2. Never have I heard such nonsense
3. Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life
4. Never have our profits been higher than they are this year
5. Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
6. Never have I come across such a horrifying film.
7. I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Not only is he my friend but also yours
2. Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me
3. Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder
4. Not only is he intelligent but also handsome
5. Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well
6. Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat.
7. Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations.
8. Not only is she beautiful but also attractive.
1. Rarely does one find good service these days
2. Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village
3. Seldom public borrowing has been so high
4. Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
5. Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
6. Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent
7. Little did she realize what would happen to her next.
8. Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me.
2. No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang.
3. Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.
4. Not until the bell rang did he finish his work.
5. Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease.
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Such was the responsible to our appeal that we has to take on more staff
2. Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured his shoulder.
3. Little did the police suspect that the judgment was the murderer.
4. Should you see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
5. In no way can the bus be blamed for the accident.