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Chapter 06: Intermediate Sanctions
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. If offenders are sentenced to pay restitution, they received what type of intermediate sanction
measure?
a. Work-related measure
b. Education-related measure
c. Warning measure
d. Economic measure
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
REF: Types of Intermediate Sanctions OBJ: 6.1
COG: Application
4. If offenders are not permitted to drive during the period of sentencing, they received what type
of intermediate sanction measure?
a. Warning measure
b. Injunctive measure
c. Economic measure
d. Work-related measure
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
REF: Types of Intermediate Sanctions OBJ: 6.1
COG: Application
5. __________ fines are fines that are dependent upon the income of the offender at the time of
sentencing.
a. Graduated
b. Ungraduated
c. Economic
d. Communal
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Fines
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Knowledge
6. Which intermediate sanction serves a dual purpose: to both rehabilitate and punish offenders?
a. Intensive supervision probation
b. Electronic monitoring
c. Fines
d. Community service
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Community Service
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Comprehension
7. The most common yet least likely used form of intermediate sanctions is ___________.
a. fines
b. electronic monitoring
c. intensive supervised probation
d. community services
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Community Service
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Comprehension
8. This intermediate sanction is used for offenders who are deemed the greatest risk to society?
a. Electronic monitoring
b. Shock incarceration/split sentencing
c. Day reporting centers
d. Intensive supervision probation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: Intensive Supervision Probation OBJ: 6.1
COG: Comprehension
9. The main difference between day reporting centers and residential treatment facilities is that
_______________.
a. offenders are not required to stay the night in day reporting centers
b. offenders are not required to stay the night in residential treatment facilities
c. offenders are not allowed to leave day reporting centers without permission
d. offenders are not allowed to leave residential treatment facilities without permission
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Day Reporting Centers
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Comprehension
10. Which scientist is known as the first offender who was placed on home detention?
a. Darwin
b. Einstein
c. Galileo
d. Newton
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Home Detention
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Knowledge
11. Which criminal justice policy resulted in gained notoriety of the sentence of home detention?
a. Three-strikes laws
b. Truth in sentencing
c. War on Drugs
d. The Patriot Act
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Home Detention
OBJ: 6.1 COG: Knowledge
12. Because shock incarceration is meant to provide a sense of punitive reality to the offender, most
shock incarceration programs are designed for these types of offenders:
a. Adult offenders and those who have never been incarcerated before
b. Adult offenders and those who have been repeatedly incarcerated
c. Juvenile offenders and those who have never been incarcerated before
d. Juvenile offenders and those have been repeatedly incarcerated
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
REF: Shock Incarceration/Split Sentencing OBJ: 6.1
COG: Application
13. Under shock incarceration offenders are sentenced to a term of confinement only to be released
after a set time and in order to serve the remainder of their time on/in __________.
a. probation
b. house arrest
c. a residential treatment facility
d. electronic monitoring
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: Shock Incarceration/Split Sentencing OBJ: 6.1
COG: Comprehension
14. Which of the following methods is the most cost-effective, reliable, and widely used drug
testing procedure?
a. Blood testing
b. Urine testing
c. Hair testing
d. Sweat testing
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: Detecting Drug Use Among Offenders OBJ: 6.2
COG: Comprehension
17. Which was the first state to pass legislation requiring notification when sex offenders are
released into the community?
a. Arizona
b. New Jersey
c. Florida
d. Wyoming
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sex Offenders
OBJ: 6.2 COG: Knowledge
18. Which Supreme Court case determined that it is constitutional for states to post the names and
pictures of convicted sex offenders on the Internet?
a. Smith v. Doe (2003)
b. Turner v. Safley (1987)
c. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
d. Johnson v. Avery (1969)
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sex Offenders
OBJ: 6.2 COG: Knowledge
19. Which theory’s tenets reflect the general premise behind most intermediate sanctions?
a. Strain Theory
b. Labeling Theory
c. Social Learning Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
REF: Intermediate Sanctions in Different States OBJ: 6.1
COG: Application
TRUE/FALSE
24. Passive systems require that the offender on electronic monitoring wear a device that emits
continuous signals for tracking.
25. Of the two electronic monitoring types, the passive system has the lower rate of false alarms.
27. Missouri Department of Corrections found that only a small number of recommitments were
offenders whose parole was revoked for technical violations rather than new convictions.
28. The use of GPS tracking of sex offenders in Tennessee aided the overall supervision quality and
monitoring of the offender.
ESSAY
29. Define the term intermediate sanctions and describe its purpose. In addition, identify and define
at least eight different intermediate sanctions.
ANS:
There is no single definition of intermediate sanctions, nor is there any ironclad agreement
about what ought to be included within the definition. A commonly accepted definition is a
range of sentencing options that fall between incarceration and probation, being designed to
allow for the crafting of sentences that respond to the offender, the offense, or both, with the
intended outcome of the case being a primary consideration. These sanctions allow for
considerations of the various needs, challenges, and issues associated with the offender and the
type of offending that he or she is committing. This permits the calibration of sentences so that
specific details are a better fit with the types of offense considered as well as the individual
variables associated with the offender. Such flexibility is what that provides the field of
community corrections with its greatest source of leverage among the offender population, in
terms of treatment and supervision. Types of intermediate sanctions are fines, community
service, intensive supervision probation, electronic monitoring, global positioning systems,
home detention, day reporting centers, and shock incarceration/split sentencing. Fines can be
defined as a monetary penalty imposed by a judge or magistrate as a punishment for having
committed an offense. Community service is the work that one is required to perform for
repaying his or her debt to society after being found at fault for committing a criminal or deviant
offense. Intensive supervision probation is the extensive supervision of offenders who are
deemed the greatest risk to society or are in need of the greatest among of governmental
support. Electronic monitoring includes the use of any mechanism that is worn by the offender
for the means of tracking his or her whereabouts through electronic detection. Global
positioning systems allow supervision officers to detect when an offender violates one of his or
her restrictions on movement due to a condition of his or her supervision. Home detention is the
mandated action that forces an offender to stay within the confines of his or her home or on the
property until a time specified by the sentencing judge. Day reporting centers are treatment
facilities to which offenders are required to report, usually on a daily basis. Shock
incarceration/split sentencing is a short-term incarceration followed by a specified term of
community supervision in hopes of deterring the offender from recidivating.
30. Discuss the different ways that drug use can be detected and the benefits and downfalls of each.
ANS:
There are a number of testing procedures that can be used to detect drugs among offenders. The
most common procedures test the offender’s urine, blood, hair, sweat, or saliva. Urine testing is
the most cost-effective, reliable, and widely used drug testing procedure. Blood testing can
provide the degree of drugs in a defendant’s system; however, it is an invasive procedure that
increases danger of infection. Hair testing is becoming more popular, but some hair types
absorb drugs more readily and there are indicators that hair analysis can produce tainted results.
Sweat testing has the advantage of testing a longer time frame, but as individuals sweat at
different levels this can impact test results. Saliva testing can be easily obtained but is easily
subject to contamination.
31. Identify and discuss laws that require convicted sex offenders and certain other types of felons
to register with local authorities. What are the arguments for and against these laws?
ANS:
Every state has a form of Megan’s law as well as the federal government. Megan’s laws are
named after Megan Kanka, a 7-year-old New Jersey girl kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a
twice-convicted sex offender who lived across the street. Supporters of these registration laws
say citizens deserve to know if convicted sex offenders are living in their neighborhoods and
argue registration laws are not unfair, since their conviction is already a manner of public
record. Opponents of the law call it a “government-imposed stigma” preventing those convicted
from moving on with their lives after serving their time. They say Megan’s laws represent an
overly intrusive invasion of privacy since other criminal records are not subject to such readily
available public scrutiny.