Teacher Manual: Lesson on Living and Non-Living Things

Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Discuss
Understanding Science: Basic Compare and
personal
the basic Biology; Social contrast living Observation,
Living and Non- experiences
concepts of life Studies: Human and non-living Comparison,
Living Things with
and Impact on objects in the Classification
pets/plants vs.
environment Environment classroom
toys/furniture
Health Analyze how
Reflect on Awareness of
Characteristics Education: different living Research,
personal biological
and Features of Human body; things share Analysis,
health and processes and
Living Things Science: common Presentation
growth health
Anatomy features
Discuss why
Physics: Matter
Characteristics Identify non- Recognizing certain objects
and Materials; Classification,
and Features of living objects non-living are non-living
Technology: Logical
Non-Living in their resources and despite some
Man-made Reasoning
Things surroundings their uses similarities to
objects
living things
Explore how
Reflect on History: Fossils
Understanding fossils are Inquiry,
personal and Dinosaurs;
Things which life cycles and formed and Interpretation,
memories of Geography:
were once living natural what they tell Scientific
deceased Natural
processes us about the Method
pets/plants Resources
past
Care for a Science: Discuss what
Understanding Gardening,
classroom Botany; plants need to
plant life and Observation,
Needs of Plants plant and Environmental grow and why
importance of Critical
observe its Studies: these needs are
flora Analysis
growth Ecosystems essential
Analyze how
Care for a
Understanding Science: different Empathy,
classroom pet
Needs of animal life and Zoology; Social animals meet Observation,
or observe
Animals importance of Studies: Animal their needs in Environmental
animals in the
fauna Husbandry various Awareness
community
environments
Biology:
Reflect on Compare the
Understanding Reproduction;
personal advantages and Comparative
Viviparous birth and Health
experiences disadvantages Analysis,
Animals development in Education:
with pets or of viviparous Research
mammals Human
farm animals reproduction
Development
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Understanding
Investigate Observational
Discuss eggs the Biology: Life
how different Skills,
Oviparous as part of diet reproductive Cycles;
oviparous Analytical
Animals and their strategies of Nutrition: Food
animals care Thinking,
sources oviparous Sources
for their eggs Research
animals

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to connect the lesson content with their personal experiences and
observations, fostering a deeper understanding and personal connection to the material.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the importance and relevance of the lesson content to real-world scenarios,
promoting a practical understanding and appreciation of the concepts taught.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Shows how the lesson content integrates with other subject areas, reinforcing
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Encourages students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information, fostering higher-

order thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on the specific skills that students will develop through the lesson activities, such
as observation, research, analysis, and presentation skills, which are essential for their
academic and personal growth.
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on Analyze the
personal Understanding Physical efficiency of
My Observation,
physical the human body Education: the human
Magnificent Analytical
experiences as an integrated Exercise and body
Machine Thinking
(e.g., running, system fitness compared to
breathing) machines
Personal Compare
Parts of the Science:
awareness of Knowledge of functions of Identification,
Body and Biology; Health
body parts anatomy and different body Description,
Their Education:
and their personal health parts and their Explanation
Functions Human anatomy
roles importance
Reflect on Discuss the
Social Studies: Critical
Why We Are physical and Understanding genetic basis
Diversity and Analysis,
Different from genetic genetics and for differences
culture; Science: Research,
One Another diversity in individuality among
Genetics Empathy
the classroom individuals
Explain the
Science: Research,
The Role of Discuss how Understanding hierarchy of
Biology; Health Critical
Cells, Tissues, minor injuries the basic building organization in
Education: Thinking,
and Organs heal blocks of life the human
Cellular health Explanation
body
Compare the
Reflect on Science:
Understanding roles of
External and visible body Anatomy; Observation,
the structure and different
Internal parts vs. Health Analytical
function of organs in
Organs internal Education: Body Thinking
organs maintaining
organs systems
health
Discuss the
Personal Science:
Knowledge of the importance of
Skeletal experience Biology; Diagramming,
body’s the skeletal
System: Skull, with growth Physical Analysis,
framework and system in
Rib and bone Education: Body Research
protection protection and
injuries movements
support
Science: Analyze the
Personal
Biology; interaction Observation,
Muscular experience Understanding
Physical between Analytical
System and Its with muscle muscle function
Education: muscles and Thinking,
Support fatigue or and health
Exercise and bones in Diagramming
strength
fitness movement
Circulatory Reflect on Understanding Science: Discuss the Measurement,
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Biology; Health
importance of
the transportation
heartbeat and Education:circulation in Analysis,
System system within the
pulse Cardiovascular
maintaining Research
body
health body functions
Explain the
Science:
Reflect on Knowledge of process of Diagramming,
Digestive Biology; Health
eating and nutrition and digestion and Explanation,
System Education:
digestion body fuel nutrient Analysis
Nutrition
absorption
Personal Understanding Discuss how
Science: Diagramming,
experiences the control and the nervous
Nervous Biology; Health Analytical
with reflexes communication system
System Education: Thinking,
and system of the coordinates
Mental health Research
sensations body body activities
Science:
Knowledge of Analyze the
Biology;
Reflect on how the body importance of Observation,
Respiratory Physical
breathing and takes in oxygen respiration in Explanation,
System Education:
exercise and expels carbon energy Diagramming
Exercise and
dioxide production
fitness
Personal
Explain how
experiences Understanding Science:
the excretory Analysis,
Excretory with body waste Biology; Health
system Diagramming,
System hydration and management and Education:
removes waste Research
waste health Hygiene
from the body
elimination
Science: Compare the
Understanding Research,
Discussing Biology; Health reproductive
Reproductive human Critical
family traits Education: system’s role
System reproduction and Thinking,
and lineage Reproductive in species
growth Explanation
health continuity

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate the content to their personal experiences, deepening their
understanding and engagement with the material.

Value Addition:
  Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, demonstrating its relevance to everyday
life and health.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of the content, helping students see how the
knowledge applies across different fields of study.

Critical Thinking:

 Promotes analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills that students will develop, such as observation, analysis,
research, and presentation, which are essential for their academic and personal growth.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on
Science: Compare the
personal Observation,
Plants and Understanding Biology; basic needs of
experiences Comparison,
Animals biodiversity Geography: plants and
with plants Classification
Ecosystems animals
and pets
Analyze how
Science:
Identify plant Understanding each part of a Diagramming,
Plant Parts and Botany; Art:
parts from plant structure plant Analysis,
Functions Drawing plant
home/garden and growth contributes to Identification
diagrams
its survival
Environmental Discuss the
Reflect on Research,
Awareness of Science: ecological and
Importance of benefits from Critical
environmental Ecosystems; economic
Plants and Trees trees (shade, Thinking,
importance Social Studies: importance of
fruit) Explanation
Conservation plants
Science: Explain the
Food Observe a Chemistry; process of Experimentation
Understanding
Preparation in plant’s need Environmental photosynthesi , Analysis,
photosynthesis
Plants for sunlight Science: s and its Explanation
Energy flow importance
Kinds of Roots Compare roots Knowledge of Science: Discuss the Observation,
of different root types and Botany; adaptive Classification,
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Agriculture: significance
plants at
functions Crop of different Analysis
home/school
production root types
Science:
Botany; Compare
Observe stems Diagramming,
Understanding Physical functions of
Kinds of Stems of various Classification,
stem functions Education: different types
plants Explanation
Structure and of stems
support
Knowledge of Science: Discuss the
Diagramming,
Flowers and Identify parts flower anatomy Botany; Art: role of flowers
Identification,
Their Parts of a flower and Flower in plant
Explanation
reproduction sketching reproduction
Science: Analyze the
Observe Understanding Observation,
Botany; various
Fruits and Seeds different fruits seed dispersal Classification,
Nutrition: methods of
and seeds and growth Analysis
Fruits in diet seed dispersal
Explain how
Identify Understanding Science: leaves Diagramming,
Leaves and
different leaf leaf structure Botany; Art: contribute to Identification,
Their Parts
parts and function Leaf rubbings photosynthesi Explanation
s
Science:
Germinate Discuss
Biology; Experimentation
Seed seeds and Understanding conditions
Agriculture: , Observation,
Germination observe plant life cycle necessary for
Plant Analysis
growth germination
cultivation
Science: Compare
Animals: Observe local Understanding Zoology; features of Classification,
Vertebrates and animals/insect animal Environmental vertebrates Identification,
Invertebrates s classification Science: and Research
Biodiversity invertebrates
Observe Discuss the
Features in Science:
animal Understanding evolutionary Observation,
Animals (tail, Zoology; Art:
features in animal advantages of Analysis,
horns, tusks, Animal
local adaptations various Explanation
etc.) drawings
environment features
Science:
Birds and Their Analyze how
Observe birds Understanding Ornithology; Observation,
Features (beaks, different
in the bird anatomy Physical Identification,
wings, feathers, features help
community and adaptation Education: Bird Analysis
etc.) birds survive
watching
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Reptiles, Science: Discuss the
Compare Classification,
Amphibians, Knowledge of Zoology; distinguishing
different Research,
Fish, Mammals, animal diversity Geography: features of
animal classes Analysis
Invertebrates Animal habitats each class
Compare
Observe Science:
herbivores, Classification,
Eating Practices feeding habits Understanding Biology; Health
carnivores, Analysis,
of Animals of animal diets Education:
and Research
pets/wildlife Nutrition
omnivores
Discuss Science:
Herbivores, examples of Knowledge of Biology; Explain the Comparison,
Carnivores, each from dietary Environmental role of each in Analysis,
Omnivores personal classifications Science: Food the ecosystem Explanation
experience chains
Science: Discuss the
Observe
Understanding Ecology; importance of Observation,
Decomposers decomposers
the role of Environmental decomposers Analysis,
and Scavengers in a compost
decomposers Science: in nutrient Explanation
bin
Recycling cycling
Science:
Reflect on Analyze the
Understanding Biology; Diagramming,
How Does food chains in flow of energy
energy transfer Environmental Analysis,
Energy Flow? local through a
in ecosystems Science: Research
ecosystem food web
Energy cycles
Science:
Discuss
Awareness of Ecology; Social Critical
Reflect on examples of
Interdependenc ecosystem Studies: Thinking,
relationships symbiosis,
y interdependenc Community Analysis,
in nature predation, and
e interdependenc Explanation
competition
e

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate lesson content to personal experiences, enhancing their

engagement and understanding of the material.

Value Addition:
  Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing how the concepts apply to
everyday life and the environment.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Illustrates how the lesson content integrates with other subjects, promoting interdisciplinary
learning and showing the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as observation, classification, research, and explanation,

essential for academic and personal growth.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on
Science:
daily
Environmental Compare the
experiences Understanding Observation,
Science; roles of air and
Air and Water with air and the basic needs Analysis,
Geography: water in
water for life Comparison
Natural sustaining life
(breathing,
Resources
drinking)
Discuss Science: Earth Analyze how
Awareness of
personal Science; the atmosphere Research,
the layers and
Atmosphere experiences Geography: protects and Analysis,
importance of
with weather Weather and supports life on Explanation
the atmosphere
and climate Climate Earth
Health
Reflect on the Discuss how
Understanding Education:
necessity of air quality Observation,
Importance of air’s role in Respiratory
air for affects health Critical Thinking,
Air supporting life System;
breathing and and the Explanation
and processes Science:
combustion environment
Combustion
Composition Reflect on Knowledge of Science: Compare the Analysis,
of Air breathing and the components Chemistry; roles of Research,
(Nitrogen, the air we of air Environmental different gases Explanation
Oxygen, breathe Science: Air in the
Carbon Quality atmosphere
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Dioxide)
Discuss how
Reflect on Geography:
Understanding wind affects
experiences Weather Observation,
the role of wind the
Wind with wind Patterns; Analysis,
in weather and environment
(cooling, Physics: Forces Explanation
climate and human
movement) and Motion
activities
Science:
Experiment Understanding Analyze how
Physics; Experimentation,
Properties of with air physical air’s properties
Environmental Analysis,
Air pressure and properties of impact weather
Science: Air Research
volume air and technology
Pressure
Environmental
Science: Discuss ways
Reflect on
Awareness of Pollution; to reduce air Critical Thinking,
Keeping Air pollution and
air pollution Health pollution and Problem-Solving,
Clean personal
and its effects Education: improve air Advocacy
responsibility
Respiratory quality
Health
Discuss the
importance of
Reflect on the Understanding Science:
water in Observation,
Water and Its necessity of the essential Biology; Health
various Explanation,
Importance water for life role of water in Education:
biological and Analysis
and activities life processes Hydration
ecological
processes
Explain how
Science: Earth
Observe Knowledge of the water cycle Diagramming,
The Water Science;
rainfall and the water cycle supports life Explanation,
Cycle Geography:
water bodies processes and shapes the Research
Hydrology
environment
Environmental Discuss
Awareness of
Science: strategies to
Reflect on water scarcity Critical Thinking,
Conservation Sustainability; conserve water
personal water and Problem-Solving,
of Water Social Studies: at home and
usage conservation Advocacy
Resource community
methods
Management levels
Sources of Identify local Knowledge of Geography: Compare Observation,
Water water sources various natural Water Bodies; different Research,
and man-made Environmental sources of Comparison
water sources Science: water and their
Resource importance
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Distribution
Discuss
Health
Reflect on Understanding methods to
Education: Critical Thinking,
safe drinking the importance ensure water
Water Safety Hygiene; Problem-Solving,
water of clean water safety and
Science: Health Awareness
practices for health prevent
Microbiology
contamination
Analyze the
Awareness of Science:
Reflect on role of water in Observation,
the diverse Chemistry;
Uses of Water daily uses of agriculture, Explanation,
applications of Social Studies:
water industry, and Research
water Agriculture
daily life

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to connect the lesson content with their personal experiences and daily
activities, fostering a deeper understanding and personal relevance.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the importance and practical significance of the lesson content, showing its
relevance to everyday life and global issues.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other academic subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Encourages students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information, fostering higher-

order thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills that students will develop through the lesson activities, such as
observation, research, analysis, and presentation skills, which are essential for their
academic and personal growth.
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Analyze
Reflect on Understanding Science:
What different Observation,
sounds heard sources of Physics; Music:
Produces sources of Analysis,
daily (voices, sound in the Sound
Sound? sound and Identification
instruments) environment production
their origins
Science: Discuss how
Feel vibrations Understanding Experimentation,
What is Physics; Music: vibrations
from a tuning the physical Observation,
Vibration? Instrument create sound
fork or phone basis of sound Explanation
vibrations waves
Compare high
Explain how
and low Music: Notes Analysis,
What is Understanding frequency
sounds (e.g., and scales; Explanation,
Frequency? pitch and tone affects sound
bird chirps vs. Science: Waves Research
perception
drum beats)
Discuss how
Reflect on Understanding Music:
volume and Measurement,
Define Volume experiences sound intensity Dynamics;
pitch are Analysis,
or Pitch with loud and and pitch Physics: Wave
measured and Explanation
soft sounds variation amplitude
perceived
Reflect on Understanding Science: Explain how
Diagramming,
The Role of personal the ear’s Biology; Health ears detect
Explanation,
Ears hearing function in Education: Ear and process
Research
experiences hearing health sound
Environmental
Identify Compare
Awareness of Science: Nature Observation,
Sources of various sound natural vs.
natural and sounds; Classification,
Sound sources in man-made
artificial sounds Technology: Analysis
environment sound sources
Sound devices
Science:
Reflect on Compare ear
Ears of Understanding Zoology; Research,
animals structures and
Different diversity in Environmental Comparison,
observed in functions
Living Things hearing abilities Science: Explanation
nature/zoo across species
Adaptations
Kinds of Ears
Observe and Science: Discuss how
(Sharp, Understanding Classification,
compare Zoology; Art: different ear
Sensory, adaptations for Analysis,
animal ear Drawing animal types benefit
Invisible, Big, hearing Explanation
types ears animals
Small)
How Do Reflect on Awareness of Science: Analyze the Observation,
Animals Make animals' use of hearing Zoology; role of ears in Research,
Use of Ears? ears for adaptations Environmental animal Analysis
survival Science: behavior
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Predator-prey
relationships
Science: Compare
Examine ear Understanding Diagramming,
Inner and Biology; Health functions of
models or ear anatomy Identification,
External Ear Education: inner and
diagrams and function Explanation
Anatomy outer ear parts
Science: Discuss how
Reflect on
Understanding Biology; Health sound is Explanation,
Output of personal
the process of Education: processed and Analysis,
Ears: Hearing hearing
hearing Sensory interpreted by Research
experiences
systems the brain
Compare Understanding
Science: Analyze how
sound the relationship Comparison,
Sound vs. Biology; ear design
perception in between ear Analysis, Critical
Design of Ear Technology: affects hearing
humans and structure and Thinking
Acoustic design ability
animals function
Discuss the
Measure Science:
Understanding significance of Measurement,
Measurement sound levels Physics;
sound intensity sound Analysis,
of Sound with decibel Mathematics:
measurement measurement Explanation
meter Measurement
in daily life
Discuss
Health
Reflect on strategies to
Awareness of Education: Critical Thinking,
Safety for experiences protect
hearing Safety; Science: Problem-Solving,
Hearing with loud hearing in
protection Physics of Advocacy
environments various
sound
situations
Reflect on Analyze the
Health
experiences of Understanding effects of Research, Critical
Harmful Education:
discomfort risks of noise noise Thinking,
Hearing Safety; Science:
from loud exposure pollution on Advocacy
Health impacts
sounds health
Science:
Explain the
Reflect on Understanding Biology; Health Diagramming,
The Way Our process from
how we ear function in Education: Explanation,
Ear Works sound wave to
perceive sound detail Sensory Analysis
brain signal
systems

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:
  Encourages students to relate the lesson content to personal experiences and daily
activities, deepening their engagement and understanding.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, demonstrating its relevance to everyday
life, health, and technology.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Shows how the lesson content integrates with other subjects, promoting interdisciplinary
learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as observation, research, analysis, and explanation, essential
for academic and personal growth.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Social Studies: Compare
Reflect on Family family
Understanding Observation,
Me and My personal structures; structures and
family roles and Analysis,
Family experiences Language Arts: roles in
dynamics Communication
with family Writing about different
family cultures
Reflect on Health
What Awareness of Discuss what Self-reflection,
personal Education: Self-
Makes Me individuality and makes each Expression,
strengths and esteem; Art:
Unique self-worth person unique Description
interests Self-portraits
How Do Observe Understanding Science: Analyze how Observation,
Our physical genetics and Genetics; Social features are Comparison,
Features similarities heredity Studies: Family passed down Explanation
Relate to and history through
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Our Family differences in
generations
Members family
Compare and
Discuss Science:
What are Awareness of contrast Classification,
common traits Biology; Social
Family inherited and inherited traits Analysis,
in family Studies:
Traits learned traits vs. learned Research
members Genealogy
behaviors
Health
Reflect on
Understanding Education: Discuss how
Feelings personal Empathy,
emotional Emotional feelings and
and feelings and Expression,
expression and health; Language emotions affect
Emotions family Communication
regulation Arts: Writing relationships
interactions
about feelings
Social Studies:
Reflect on Analyze how
Awareness of Ethics; Health Critical Thinking,
Choices We decisions choices impact
decision-making Education: Problem-Solving,
Make made within individuals and
processes Decision-making Decision-Making
the family families
skills
Reflect on Understanding Social Studies: Discuss how
Comparison,
Needs and personal and the difference Economics; families
Analysis,
Wants family needs between needs Mathematics: prioritize needs
Prioritization
and wants and wants Budgeting and wants

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate lesson content to their personal experiences and family life,
fostering deeper engagement and understanding.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing its relevance to everyday life,
personal growth, and family dynamics.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:
  Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think
deeply, make connections, and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as observation, self-reflection, communication, and

decision-making, essential for academic and personal growth.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on Understanding Geography: Compare
Observation,
experiences the Cartography; globes to maps
Globes Comparison,
with maps and representation Art: Drawing and discuss
Analysis
globes of Earth maps their uses
Reflect on the
grid system Understanding Mathematics: Analyze how Spatial
Longitudes used in the Earth’s Coordinates; the grid system Thinking,
and Latitudes everyday coordinate Geography: helps locate Analysis,
contexts (e.g., system Navigation places Interpretation
city streets)
Discuss the Hands-on
Understanding Science: Earth advantages of skills,
Model of the Create a model
Earth’s shape Science; Art: using a 3D Creativity,
Globe of the globe
and features Model making model to Spatial
represent Earth Understanding
Science: Earth
Discuss the
Reflect on the Understanding Science; Analysis,
What are characteristics
North and the significance Environmental Explanation,
Poles? and importance
South Poles of Earth's poles Science: Polar Research
of the poles
Regions
Discuss the
Understanding Science: Earth
Reflect on the significance of Analysis,
What is an the division of Science;
concept of the the equator in Explanation,
Equator? Earth into Geography:
equator terms of Research
hemispheres Climate Zones
climate
Reflect on Geography:
Understanding Compare the Comparison,
experiences Regional
What are the division of characteristics Analysis,
with Studies;
Hemispheres? Earth into of different Spatial
hemispheric Science: Earth
hemispheres hemispheres Thinking
maps Science
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Science:
Reflect on Understanding Discuss the
Geology; Observation,
Earth’s Earth's layers and
How is Earth? Geography: Explanation,
physical composition surface features
Physical Research
characteristics and structure of Earth
Features
Mathematics: Explain how Spatial
What are Use a globe to Understanding
Coordinates; latitudes and Thinking,
Latitudes and locate the coordinate
Geography: Map longitudes help Interpretation,
Longitudes? coordinates system
Reading in navigation Analysis
Discuss the
Identify Geography:
What are the Understanding significance of Analysis,
important Climate Zones;
Important key latitude the Tropics of Explanation,
parallels on a Science: Earth
Parallels? lines Cancer and Identification
globe Science
Capricorn
Science: Discuss how
Reflect on how Understanding Analysis,
Features of Meteorology; latitude impacts
latitude affects the influence of Research,
Latitude Geography: weather
climate latitude Explanation
Climate Zones patterns
Explain how
Understanding Geography: Spatial
Reflect on the meridians are
Features of the role of Time Zones; Thinking,
function of used to
Meridians meridians in Mathematics: Analysis,
meridians determine time
navigation Geometry Interpretation
zones
Discuss why
History:
Importance of Reflect on the Understanding the Greenwich Analysis,
Timekeeping;
Greenwich significance of the basis of Meridian is Research,
Geography:
Meridian GMT time zones important for Explanation
Global Time
timekeeping
Spatial
Practice Understanding Geography: Map Demonstrate
Thinking,
How to Locate locating places the use of Reading; how to find a
Practical
Places using latitude and Mathematics: location using
Application,
coordinates longitude Coordinates its coordinates
Interpretation
Understanding Discuss the
Geography:
Reflect on the the starting significance of Analysis,
What is Prime Navigation;
Prime point for the Prime Explanation,
Meridian? History:
Meridian’s role longitudinal Meridian in Research
Timekeeping
measurement navigation
Importance of Reflect on Understanding Geography: Discuss how Critical
Prime global the global Time Zones; the Prime Thinking,
Meridian navigation and impact of the History: Global Meridian Analysis,
timekeeping Prime Meridian Standardization affects global Explanation
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
navigation and
time zones

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate lesson content to personal experiences and familiar concepts,
fostering a deeper understanding and personal connection to the material.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing its relevance to navigation,
timekeeping, and global understanding.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other academic subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply, make connections, and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as spatial thinking, research, analysis, and practical
application, essential for academic and personal growth.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Compare the
Reflect on Geography:
Understanding geographical Map Reading,
India and Its maps and Cartography;
the geographical features and Spatial
Neighbouring globes used in Social Studies:
position of India positions of Thinking,
Countries previous Regional
and its neighbors neighboring Analysis
lessons Studies
countries
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Geography:
Use maps to Knowledge of Physical Analyze the Map Reading,
Where They locate India the geographical Geography; strategic Spatial
Are Located? and its layout of South History: location of each Thinking,
neighbors Asia Regional country Identification
History
Political Evaluate the
Discuss the Understanding Science: importance of
Importance of Analysis,
role of geopolitical and International neighboring
Neighbouring Explanation,
neighbors in cultural Relations; countries in
Countries Research
daily life significance Economics: regional
Trade stability
Political Analyze the
Reflect on
Relationships Understanding Science: factors that Critical
personal
with diplomatic and Diplomacy; influence Thinking,
relationships
Neighbouring economic History: relationships Analysis,
and their
Countries relationships International between Research
importance
Relations countries
Political
Evaluate the Critical
Discuss the Understanding Science: Peace
impact of peace Thinking,
Peaceful Co- importance of the principles of Studies;
on regional Analysis,
Existence peace in peaceful History:
stability and Problem-
communities coexistence Treaties and
development Solving
Agreements
Economics:
Analyze the
Reflect on Understanding Trade and
benefits and Analysis,
Economic examples of economic Commerce;
challenges of Explanation,
Cooperation cooperation in partnerships and Geography:
economic Evaluation
personal life trade Economic
cooperation
Geography
Social Studies:
Share personal Understanding Discuss how
Culture; Observation,
Cultural experiences of the importance cultural
History: Appreciation,
Exchanges cultural of cultural exchanges
Cultural Explanation
diversity exchange enrich societies
Heritage

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:
  Encourages students to relate lesson content to personal experiences and familiar concepts,
fostering a deeper understanding and personal connection to the material.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing its relevance to regional
stability, economic development, and cultural enrichment.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other academic subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply, make connections, and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as map reading, spatial thinking, research, analysis, and
practical application, essential for academic and personal growth.

Expanded Topics with Examples

1. India and Its Neighbouring Countries:

o Reflective Learning: Students discuss their previous knowledge of maps and
globes.
o Value Addition: Emphasizes the importance of understanding regional geography.
o Cross-Connect: Geography - learning to read and interpret maps.
o Critical Thinking: Compare and contrast the geographical features of India and its
neighbors.
o Skill Development: Map reading and spatial thinking skills.
2. Where They Are Located?:
o Reflective Learning: Students use physical and political maps to locate countries.
o Value Addition: Helps students understand the strategic positions of countries.
o Cross-Connect: Geography - understanding physical geography.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze why certain countries have strategic importance based
on their location.
o Skill Development: Developing identification and mapping skills.
3. Importance of Neighbouring Countries:
o Reflective Learning: Students discuss the role of neighbors in their own lives.
o Value Addition: Highlights the significance of geopolitical and cultural
relationships.
 o Cross-Connect: Political Science - studying international relations.
o Critical Thinking: Evaluate the importance of neighboring countries in
maintaining regional stability.
o Skill Development: Analytical skills to understand regional dynamics.
4. Relationships with Neighbouring Countries:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on the importance of personal relationships.
o Value Addition: Understanding the factors influencing international relationships.
o Cross-Connect: History - learning about international relations.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze the key factors that influence the relationships between
countries.
o Skill Development: Research and analytical skills.
5. Peaceful Co-Existence:
o Reflective Learning: Discuss the importance of peace in the classroom or
community.
o Value Addition: Understanding the principles and benefits of peaceful coexistence.
o Cross-Connect: Political Science - learning about peace studies.
o Critical Thinking: Evaluate the impact of peace on development and regional
stability.
o Skill Development: Problem-solving skills related to conflict resolution.
6. Economic Cooperation:
o Reflective Learning: Reflect on personal experiences of cooperation.
o Value Addition: Understanding the importance of economic partnerships.
o Cross-Connect: Economics - studying trade and commerce.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze the benefits and challenges of economic cooperation.
o Skill Development: Evaluative skills to understand economic relationships.
7. Cultural Exchanges:
o Reflective Learning: Share experiences of cultural diversity in their own lives.
o Value Addition: Understanding the enrichment brought by cultural exchanges.
o Cross-Connect: Social Studies - learning about different cultures.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss how cultural exchanges benefit societies.
o Skill Development: Appreciative and observational skills.

Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on History:
Discuss the Analytical
how early Understanding Ancient
process of Thinking,
Discovery of the humans might the significance Civilizations;
innovation and Historical
Wheel have observed of early Science:
its impact on Analysis,
natural rolling inventions Invention and
society Creativity
objects Innovation
Miles We Take Reflect on Understanding Science: Compare Observation,
- Early Use of daily use of the practical Physics of ancient and Comparison,
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
Rolling;
rolling objects applications of
Physical modern uses of Practical
Rolling (e.g., rolling a rolling in
Education: Ball rolling objects Application
ball) ancient times
games
Science: Analyze how
Observe how a Understanding Simple the wheel and Mechanical
toy car's the mechanics Machines; axle Reasoning,
Wheel and Axle
wheels and of wheel and Engineering: combination Observation,
axles work axle Mechanical enhances Experimentation
Systems movement
History:
Reflect on Understanding Industrial Evaluate the
Historical
how the evolution Revolution; impact of
Transportation Analysis,
transportation of Geography: transportation
Revolution Comparative
has changed transportation Development advancements
Study, Research
over time methods of Trade on society
Routes
Science:
Discuss how
Identify Understanding Engineering Creativity,
Other the wheel has
everyday diverse Applications; Practical
Applications been adapted
objects that applications of Technology: Application,
Based on Wheel for various
use wheels the wheel Machine Innovation
uses
Design
Economics: Analyze how
Economic
Reflect on Understanding Trade the wheel
Impact of the Reasoning,
how goods are the role of the Networks; facilitated
Wheel on Trade Historical
moved in the wheel in trade History: trade and
and Exchange Analysis, Critical
modern world development Development cultural
Thinking
of Commerce exchange
Geography: Discuss the
Understanding Transportation social and
Reflect on Analysis,
Transportation the significance Systems; Social economic
personal travel Explanation,
and Travel of the wheel in Studies: impacts of
experiences Research
travel Human improved
Mobility transportation
Science:
Evaluate the
Reflect on Understanding Technological Analytical
advancements
Technological modern the progression Innovation; Thinking,
in wheel
Advancements vehicles and of wheel-based Engineering: Research,
technology
machinery technology Machine Innovation
over time
Design
Different Compare Understanding Geography: Discuss the Comparative
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Value Critical Skill
Topics to Other
Learning Addition Thinking Development
Subjects
different Transportation advantages and
Analysis, Critical
transportation the diversity of Geography; disadvantages
Modes of Thinking,
methods (e.g., transportation Science: of various
Transportation Practical
cars, bikes, systems Vehicle transportation
Reasoning
trains) Mechanics modes

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate the lesson content to personal experiences and familiar
concepts, fostering a deeper understanding and personal connection to the material.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing its relevance to everyday life,
technological development, and societal progress.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other academic subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply, make connections, and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as mechanical reasoning, historical analysis, research,

creativity, and practical application, essential for academic and personal growth.

Expanded Topics with Examples

1. Discovery of the Wheel:

o Reflective Learning: Students imagine how early humans might have observed
and experimented with natural rolling objects like logs and stones.
o Value Addition: Understanding the significance of early human inventions and
their impact on society.
 o Cross-Connect: History - studying ancient civilizations and their innovations;
Science - understanding the process of invention and innovation.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss the process of innovation and its impact on society.
How did the discovery of the wheel change early human life?
o Skill Development: Analytical thinking, historical analysis, and creativity.
2. Miles We Take - Early Use of Rolling:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on their daily use of rolling objects, such as
rolling a ball during play.
o Value Addition: Understanding the practical applications of rolling in ancient
times.
o Cross-Connect: Science - physics of rolling; Physical Education - using rolling
objects in games.
o Critical Thinking: Compare ancient uses of rolling objects with modern
applications. How did early humans benefit from rolling?
o Skill Development: Observation, comparison, and practical application.
3. Wheel and Axle:
o Reflective Learning: Students observe how a toy car's wheels and axles work,
experimenting with how they move.
o Value Addition: Understanding the mechanics of wheel and axle and their practical
applications.
o Cross-Connect: Science - simple machines; Engineering - mechanical systems.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze how the wheel and axle combination enhances
movement. Why is this combination more effective than using wheels alone?
o Skill Development: Mechanical reasoning, observation, and experimentation.
4. Transportation Revolution:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on how transportation methods have changed
over time, from walking to modern vehicles.
o Value Addition: Understanding the evolution of transportation methods and their
impact on society.
o Cross-Connect: History - studying the industrial revolution and its effects;
Geography - development of trade routes.
o Critical Thinking: Evaluate the impact of transportation advancements on society.
How did the invention of the wheel revolutionize transportation?
o Skill Development: Historical analysis, comparative study, and research.
5. Other Applications Based on Wheel:
o Reflective Learning: Students identify everyday objects that use wheels, such as
bicycles, cars, and shopping carts.
o Value Addition: Understanding the diverse applications of the wheel in modern
life.
o Cross-Connect: Science - engineering applications; Technology - machine design.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss how the wheel has been adapted for various uses. What
are some creative ways the wheel has been used in modern inventions?
o Skill Development: Creativity, practical application, and innovation.
6. Impact of the Wheel on Trade and Exchange:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on how goods are moved in the modern
world, considering the role of transportation.
 o Value Addition: Understanding the role of the wheel in trade development and
economic growth.
o Cross-Connect: Economics - studying trade networks; History - development of
commerce.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze how the wheel facilitated trade and cultural exchange.
How did improved transportation impact trade and economy?
o Skill Development: Economic reasoning, historical analysis, and critical thinking.
7. Transportation and Travel:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on personal travel experiences and different
modes of transportation they have used.
o Value Addition: Understanding the significance of the wheel in travel and human
mobility.
o Cross-Connect: Geography - studying transportation systems; Social Studies -
human mobility.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss the social and economic impacts of improved
transportation. How did the wheel influence travel and connectivity?
o Skill Development: Analysis, explanation, and research.
8. Technological Advancements:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on modern vehicles and machinery that use
wheels.
o Value Addition: Understanding the progression of wheel-based technology and its
impact on modern life.
o Cross-Connect: Science - technological innovation; Engineering - machine design.
o Critical Thinking: Evaluate the advancements in wheel technology over time.
What are some significant technological breakthroughs involving the wheel?
o Skill Development: Analytical thinking, research, and innovation.
9. Different Modes of Transportation:
o Reflective Learning: Students compare different transportation methods, such as
cars, bikes, trains, and airplanes.
o Value Addition: Understanding the diversity and evolution of transportation
systems.
o Cross-Connect: Geography - transportation geography; Science - vehicle
mechanics.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various
transportation modes. How do different modes of transportation meet different
needs?
o Skill Development: Comparative analysis, critical thinking, and practical
reasoning.
 Cross-Connect
Reflective Critical Skill
Topics Value Addition to Other
Learning Thinking Development
Subjects
Reflect on Discuss the
personal Understanding Social Studies: differences Analytical
What are experiences of the concept of Human between Thinking,
Needs? essential items basic human Geography; essential and Categorization,
(e.g., food, needs Health: Nutrition non-essential Prioritization
water, shelter) items
Reflect on Economics:
Understanding Analyze why Comparative
personal desires Consumer
What are the distinction wants are Analysis, Self-
and luxuries Behavior;
Wants? between needs different for Reflection,
(e.g., toys, Psychology:
and wants each individual Decision Making
games, gadgets) Motivation
Evaluate the
Social Studies:
Understanding impact of Critical
Compare and Socioeconomic
Needs vs. the balance prioritizing Thinking,
contrast personal Status;
Wants between needs needs over Evaluation,
needs and wants Economics:
and wants wants in Prioritization
Scarcity
budgeting
Mathematics:
Reflect on Understanding Create a Budgeting Skills,
Financial
What is a family or school how to manage simple budget Mathematical
Literacy;
Budget? budget money based on given Calculation,
Economics:
experiences effectively scenarios Planning
Personal Finance
Reflect on
Economics:
everyday goods Understanding Differentiate Identification,
What are Market Structure;
and services the fundamental between goods Classification,
Goods and Social Studies:
used (e.g., economic and services Conceptual
Services? Community
groceries, concepts with examples Understanding
Helpers
healthcare)
Economics: Analyze how Analytical
Discuss the Understanding
Nature of Product Life goods and Thinking,
characteristics of tangible and
Goods and Cycle; Business services fulfill Conceptual
different goods intangible
Services Studies: Service different needs Analysis,
and services products
Management and wants Application
Reflect on Social Studies:
List of Understanding Create a list of
community Community Research,
Services the variety of services
services and Roles; Listing,
That Can available provided in a
personal Economics: Classification
Be Offered services community
experiences Service Industry

Detailed Explanations for Each Column

Reflective Learning:

 Encourages students to relate lesson content to personal experiences and familiar concepts,
fostering a deeper understanding and personal connection to the material.

Value Addition:

 Highlights the practical significance of the lesson, showing its relevance to daily life,
financial literacy, and economic understanding.

Cross-Connect to Other Subjects:

 Demonstrates how the lesson content integrates with other academic subjects, promoting
interdisciplinary learning and helping students see the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Critical Thinking:

 Fosters analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information, encouraging students to think

deeply, make connections, and solve problems.

Skill Development:

 Focuses on specific skills such as budgeting, classification, analysis, and decision-making,

essential for academic and personal growth.

Expanded Topics with Examples

1. What are Needs?

o Reflective Learning: Students discuss essential items they cannot live without,
such as food, water, and shelter.
o Value Addition: Understanding the importance of fulfilling basic human needs for
survival and well-being.
o Cross-Connect: Social Studies - human geography; Health - nutrition and wellness.
o Critical Thinking: Discuss the differences between essential and non-essential
items. Why are certain items classified as needs?
o Skill Development: Analytical thinking, categorization, and prioritization.
2. What are Wants?
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on personal desires and luxuries, such as
toys, games, and gadgets.
o Value Addition: Understanding the distinction between needs and wants and the
role of desires in human behavior.
o Cross-Connect: Economics - consumer behavior; Psychology - motivation and
desire.
 o Critical Thinking: Analyze why wants differ for each individual. How do personal
experiences and culture influence wants?
o Skill Development: Comparative analysis, self-reflection, and decision making.
3. Needs vs. Wants:
o Reflective Learning: Students compare and contrast their own needs and wants.
o Value Addition: Understanding the balance between fulfilling needs and satisfying
wants.
o Cross-Connect: Social Studies - socioeconomic status; Economics - scarcity and
resource allocation.
o Critical Thinking: Evaluate the impact of prioritizing needs over wants in
budgeting. How does one decide what to prioritize?
o Skill Development: Critical thinking, evaluation, and prioritization.
4. What is a Budget?
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on their family's or school's budget
experiences and how money is managed.
o Value Addition: Understanding the importance of managing money effectively
through budgeting.
o Cross-Connect: Mathematics - financial literacy and numeracy; Economics -
personal finance.
o Critical Thinking: Create a simple budget based on given scenarios. How do you
allocate limited resources to meet needs and wants?
o Skill Development: Budgeting skills, mathematical calculation, and planning.
5. What are Goods and Services?
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on everyday goods and services they use,
such as groceries and healthcare.
o Value Addition: Understanding the fundamental economic concepts of goods and
services.
o Cross-Connect: Economics - market structure and consumer goods; Social Studies
- community helpers and roles.
o Critical Thinking: Differentiate between goods and services with examples. What
makes a product a good or a service?
o Skill Development: Identification, classification, and conceptual understanding.
6. Nature of Goods and Services:
o Reflective Learning: Students discuss the characteristics of different goods and
services they encounter.
o Value Addition: Understanding the differences between tangible goods and
intangible services.
o Cross-Connect: Economics - product life cycle; Business Studies - service
management.
o Critical Thinking: Analyze how goods and services fulfill different needs and
wants. Why do we need both goods and services?
o Skill Development: Analytical thinking, conceptual analysis, and application.
7. List of Services That Can Be Offered:
o Reflective Learning: Students reflect on community services and their personal
experiences with various services.
o Value Addition: Understanding the variety and importance of services available in
a community.
o Cross-Connect: Social Studies - community roles and responsibilities; Economics -
service industry and job market.
o Critical Thinking: Create a list of services provided in a community. How do these
services contribute to community well-being?
o Skill Development: Research, listing, and classification.