Ocampo, Maria Carmina E.

OLCA133E035 AB English

1. Film Viewing: Watch the documentary and read the materials about the movie "Ganito Kami
Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon". Write down the 5 key points discussed in the documentary
regarding the content of the film.

- The main setting was about the turning point the main setting was about the turning point
of the Filipino revolution against Spanish rule and the transitioning of an era towards the
Filipino-American Revolution.
- Having an uncertain identity of being a Filipino.
- The unjust government system and abuse of power by the Spanish authority
- The dominance of the foreign market
- The changes in the education system

2. Describe the 19th-century Philippines as represented in the film. (2-3 paragraph)

"Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon" is a 1976 Filipino film directed by Eddie Romero. It
provides a very visual representation of the Philippines during the late 19th century, a time when the
country was transitioning from Spanish colonial rule to the early stages of American colonization. The
film highlights the tough social and class distinctions prevailing in colonial society. It also showed the
Spanish influence was deeply embedded in Filipino Culture, yet indigenous traditions and customs
persist.

The main theme of the film is the blooming sense of Filipino nationalism and the struggle for
independence. Characters strife with their identities and loyalties as they navigate the changing political
landscape. The film portrays the rise of Filipino intellectuals and revolutionaries who sought to assert
their national identity and resist colonial oppression. It gives a glimpse into the everyday lives of
ordinary Filipinos, including their occupations, family dynamics, and social activities. It depicts various
aspects of rural and urban life, from agricultural work in the provinces to the bustling trade and
commerce in the towns.
The Catholic Church played a significant role in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period,
and this is evident in the film. Religious institutions and figures wield considerable power and influence
over the populace, and religious festivals and rituals are integral to community life. Economic disparities
are a recurring theme in the film. While the wealthy landowners and Spanish elite live in relative luxury,
the majority of Filipinos endure poverty and hardship. The film illustrates the economic exploitation and
injustice faced by the lower classes.

The late 19th century was a period of growing resistance against Spanish rule, culminating in the
Philippine Revolution of 1896. The film touches on the revolutionary activities and the fervor for
freedom that swept through the country, highlighting the courage and resilience of Filipino
revolutionaries.
 3. Complete the graphic organizer by supplying the changes in the 19th Century Philippines,
categorizing social, political, economic, and cultural changes.

Social Political Economic Cultural

The emergence of a The late 19th century Expansion of The rise of Filipino
Filipino middle class saw the push for agricultural production, nationalism, influenced
(principalia) composed political reforms, particularly of cash by European
of educated and including crops like sugar, Enlightenment ideas
wealthy mestizos, representation in the tobacco, and abaca, and the exposure of
Chinese-Filipinos, and Spanish Cortes which were exported the ilustrados to liberal
indios. They played a (parliament). The to international democratic principles.
crucial role in the Propaganda markets. This was Literary works, such as
spread of nationalist Movement, led by facilitated by the José Rizal's novels "Noli
ideas. ilustrados like José opening of Manila to Me Tangere" and "El
Rizal, Marcelo H. del international trade in Filibusterismo," played
Pilar, and Graciano 1834. a significant role in
López Jaena, advocated fostering national
for political changes consciousness.
and equality.
Increased access to The defeat of Spain by Widening economic The Catholic Church
education, with the the United States in disparities between remained a dominant
establishment of more 1898 and the wealthy landowners force, but there was
schools and subsequent Treaty of and poor tenant growing discontent
universities, such as Paris, which farmers. The with the friars' abuses
the University of Santo transferred control of encomienda system and the Church's
Tomas and the Ateneo the Philippines from evolved into haciendas, control over local
Municipal. This led to Spain to the United where large estates affairs. This contributed
the rise of the States, marking the end were controlled by a to the secularization
ilustrados (educated of over three centuries few wealthy families, movement, which
Filipinos) who would of Spanish colonization. leading to social sought to transfer
later become key tensions. church authority from
figures in the Spanish friars to
nationalist movement. Filipino clergy.
Reference:
 Hernandez, C., & Borlaza, G. (2024, April 19). The Spanish period in the Philippines.
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Philippines#ref360176
 Herrera, D. (n.d.). The Philippines: An Overview of the Colonial Era. Assosiation for Asian
Studies. https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-philippines-an-
overview-of-the-colonial-era/