Total number of printed pages-5

14 (PHY-2) 2035

2024

PHYSICS

Paper : PHY-2035
(Condensed Matter Physics )
Full Marks : 80
Time : Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.

1. Answer any five questions from the

following : 2x5=1o

(a) What is rotation symmetry in a lattice ?

What are their variants ? 1+1=2

(b) What are different point defects in a

solid ? Describe with diagrams.
1+1=2

(c) What are quasicrystals ? Give some

examples. 1+1-2

Contd.
 (d) Draw a graph showing the frequency
dependence of various contributions
(electronic, ionic and dipolar) to the
polarizability of a molecule.
(e) Draw the energy band diagram for
direct and indirect band
semiconductors.
() Illustrate magnetic anisotropy energy
for Iron.
(g) What are London's penetration depth
and coherence length in super
conductors ?
2. Answer any four questions from the
following : 5x4=20
(a) Obtain the expression for temperature
dependence of Frenkel defect
concentration in a crystal from its
equilibrium condition of free energy.
b) Prove that when a dielectric is subjected
to an alternating external electric field,
the energy losses are proportional to
sin &, where &is the phase difference
between the applied electric field and
electric displacement, also called loss
angle.
14 (PHY-2) 2035/G 2 14(PHY-2) 2035/G
(c) Find the expressions for velocity and
effective mass of electron in periodic
potential. Show the variation of energy,
velocity and effective mass as a function
of wave vector. 2+3=5
gap
1+1=2
(d) Why do the properties of materials
change when we reduce the size of the
9 material to nanoscale ? Mention
any four methods/ways through which
we can manipulate the physical
1+1=2 properties of thin films. What are Liquid
crystals? 2+2+1=5
(e) What is Hall Effect ? Mention any two
srapplications of Hall Effect.
! A sample of silicon of thickness 200um
isdoped with 1023 phosphorous atoms
per m. If the sample is kept in a
magnetic field of 0-2 Wb/m² and a
current of lmA is passed through the
same, find the Hall voltage. 1+1+3=5
iIllustrate briefly on flux quantization
e in superconductivity.
3 Contd.

Answer any fiue questions from the following :
10x5-50
3. Explain why the presence of defects in
crystals is essential from thermodynamic
point of view. Obtain the expression for
temperature dependence of Frenkel defect
in a lattice. 4+6=10
Obtain the dispersion relation for linear
monatomic lattice. Plot it diagrammatically. |8.
Discuss how the dispersion plots get
modified when linear monatomic lattice is
considered in three-dimension.
5+2+3=10
5. Find an expression for position of Fermi level
intrinsic semiconductor. Show the
position of Fermi level in band diagram of
intrinsic semiconductor. How does this
positíon of Fermi level change for n-type
and p-type semiconductors? What is the
effect of temperature on Fermi level for
extrinsic semiconductors ? 7+1+1+1=10
6. Using the concept of dipole theory, prove
that spontaneous polarization does not exist
after Curie temperature for a ferroelectric
material. Also, plot the spontaneous
polarization as a function of temperature.
14 (PHY-2) 2035/G 4
7. Show that pararnagnetic susceptibility of free
electrons is independent of temperature.
The magnetic flux density within a bar of
some material is 063 Tesla at a ield of
5x 105A/m. Compute the following for this
material : (a) Magnetic permeability,
(b) Magnetic susceptibility, (c Type of
magnetism that being displayed by the
material with reasons. 7+3=10
Distinguish between ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic materials. What
antiferromagnetic Neel temperature ?
Explain the behaviour of susceptibility below
and above Neel temperature. Using two sub
lattice models, establish Curie-Weiss law for
antiferromagnetism. 1+1+2+6-10
9. Illustrate on Giaever tunnelling with
diagrams. Describe how a tunnelling proces
in superconductors can lead to exact
determination of e/h. 2+2+6=10
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