t f(t) f(t) est Dev

0 17.9 17.2 -0.7

250
1 21.2 22.2 1.0
2 28.3 27.2 -1.1
3 31.2 32.2 1.0
4 36.1 37.2 1.1
5 41.7 42.2 0.5 200
6 48.9 47.2 -1.7
7 50.9 52.2 1.3
8 58.1 57.2 -0.9
9 62.8 62.2 -0.6
10 66.5 67.2 0.7 150
11 72.1 72.3 0.2
12 78.5 77.3 -1.2
13 83.9 82.3 -1.6 f(t)
14 86.9 87.3 0.4
15 91.5 92.3 0.8 100
16 96.0 97.3 1.3
17 103.6 102.3 -1.3
18 107.7 107.3 -0.4
19 110.6 112.3 1.7
50
20 117.8 117.3 -0.5
25 142.3
30 167.4
35 192.4
40 217.4 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3

t
a1 a0
5.006623 17.18139
0.0397 0.464115
r2 0.998807 1.10164
15903.81 19
19301.03 23.0586
20 25 30 35 40 45

t
 Unhide columns --->
t f(t) f(t) est Dev t t2
0 0.49 0.49 0.00 0 0
1 0.85 0.85 0.00 1 1 4.5
2 1.18 1.20 0.02 2 4
3 1.51 1.53 0.02 3 9 4.0
4 1.85 1.83 -0.02 4 16
5 2.14 2.12 -0.02 5 25
3.5
6 2.33 2.39 0.06 6 36
7 2.71 2.63 -0.08 7 49
8 2.81 2.86 0.05 8 64 3.0
9 3.13 3.07 -0.06 9 81
10 3.33 3.26 -0.07 10 100
2.5
11 3.37 3.43 0.06 11 121
12 3.54 3.58 0.04 12 144
13 3.76 3.71 -0.05 13 169 f(t) 2.0
14 3.81 3.82 0.01 14 196
15 3.87 3.91 0.04 15 225 1.5
16 3.94 3.98 0.04 16 256
17 4.00 4.03 0.03 17 289
18 4.07 4.06 -0.01 18 324 1.0
19 4.03 4.07 0.04 19 361
20 4.13 4.06 -0.07 20 400 0.5
25 3.72 25 625
30 2.89 30 900
35 1.57 35 1225 0.0
40 -0.24 40 1600 0 5 10 15 20
-0.5

a2 a1 a0
-0.009844 0.375499 0.488035
0.000311 0.006445 0.027814
r2
0.99854 0.046598 #N/A
6157.045 18 #N/A
26.7383 0.039084 #N/A
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

t
 Unhide columns ---> f1 f2
t f(t) f(t) est Dev exp(-0.25*t) t*exp(-0.1*t)
0 4.20 4.20 0.00 1.00000 0.00000
2 0.98 0.98 0.00 0.60653 1.63746 5.00
4 -1.04 -1.04 0.00 0.36788 2.68128
6 -2.24 -2.24 0.00 0.22313 3.29287 4.00
8 -2.88 -2.88 0.00 0.13534 3.59463
10 -3.15 -3.15 0.00 0.08208 3.67879
15 -2.94 -2.94 0.00 0.02352 3.34695 3.00
20 -2.23 -2.23 0.00 0.00674 2.70671
25 -1.46 -1.46 0.00 0.00193 2.05212
2.00
30 -0.79 -0.79 0.00 0.00055 1.49361
35 -0.27 -0.27 0.00 0.00016 1.05691
40 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00005 0.73263 1.00
45 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00001 0.49990
50 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00000 0.33690 f(t)
55 0.73 0.73 0.00 0.00000 0.22477 0.00
60 0.82 0.82 0.00 0.00000 0.14873
65 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00000 0.09772 -1.00
70 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00000 0.06383
75 0.95 0.95 0.00 0.00000 0.04148
80 0.97 0.97 0.00 0.00000 0.02684 -2.00
85 0.98 0.98 0.00 0.00000 0.01729
90 0.99 0.00000 0.01111
-3.00
100 0.99 0.00000 0.00454
105 1.00 0.00000 0.00289
110 1.00 0.00000 0.00184 -4.00
0 20 40

a2 a1 a0
-1.200016 3.202228 0.999493
0.000379 0.002045 0.000743
r 0.999998 0.002323
2
#N/A
5986181 18 #N/A
64.58283 9.71E-05 #N/A
5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

t
 1st Order System

Given Data & Manipulated Form

A = T∞ - T0 = 325.000 Model Estimates

t T ln[1 - (T-T0)/A] t= 9.74 9.85
0 75 0.000 t Est T Est T
1 107 -0.104 0 75 75
400
2.5 140 -0.223 1 107 106
5 205 -0.511 2 135 135 375
8 244 -0.734 3 161 160 350
10 282 -1.013 4 184 183
15 328 -1.507 5 205 204 325
30 385 -3.076 6 224 223 300
7 242 240
Final 400 8 257 256 275
9 271 270
10 284 282
T (°F) 250
225
11 295 294
Allow a non-zero intercept 12 305 304 200
t 9.74 13 314 313
175
Slope Intercept 14 323 322
-0.103 0.0216 15 330 329 150
0.001 0.02 16 337 336 125
r² 0.9991 0.03 17 343 342
6846.085 6.00 18 349 348 100
7.190 0.01 19 354 353 75
20 358 357 0 10 20 30 40
Force a zero intercept 21 362 361
t= 9.85 22 366 365 t
Slope Intercept 23 369 369
-0.101 0.0000 24 372 372
0.001 #N/A 25 375 374
r² 0.9994 0.03 26 377 377
11580.285 7.00 27 380 379
13.610 0.01 28 382 381
29 383 383
30 385 385
50 398 398
100 400 400
150 400 400

Page 7
 1st Order System

Data Column F

Column G

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

t (sec)

Page 8
 1st Order System NLR

Given Data Model Estimates

t T Model T Dev T∞ - T0 = 329.74
0 75 75 0 Kp = 1.00
1 107 105 -2 t= 10.46 400
2.5 140 145 5 t Est T
5 205 200 -5 0 75 375
8 244 251 7 1 105 350
10 282 278 -4 2 132
15 328 326 -2 3 157 325
30 385 386 1 4 180 300
5 200
275
S(Dev)² 125.361 6 219
7 236
T (°F) 250
8 251
225
9 265
10 278 200
11 290 175
12 300
13 310 150
14 318 125
15 326
16 333 100
17 340 75
18 346 0 10 20 30
19 351
20 356 t (s
21 360
22 364
23 368
24 371
25 375
26 377
27 380
28 382
29 384
30 386
35 393
40 398
45 400
50 402
55 403
60 404

Page 9
 1st Order System NLR

Data
Column F
Column G
Non-Linear Regression

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

t (sec)

Page 10
 1st Order System Chart

400

375

350

325

300 Data
Column F
275 Column G
Non-Linear Regression
250
T (°F)
225

200

175

150

125

100

75
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
t (sec)

Page 11
t1 = 0.5
t2 = 9
ti = 1.53 Non-linear fit
t y(t) y(t) Deviation
0 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! K= 1.000
0.05 0.000268 #VALUE! #VALUE! t= 2.121
0.1 0.001037 #VALUE! #VALUE! z= 2.239 1.0
0.15 0.002255 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.9
0.2 0.003877 #VALUE! #VALUE! S Deviation² = #VALUE!
0.8
0.25 0.005862 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.3 0.008172 #VALUE! #VALUE! P Control 0.7
0.35 0.010773 #VALUE! #VALUE! Kc = 1.280702 0.6
0.4 0.013636 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.45 0.016732 #VALUE! #VALUE! PI Control 0.5
y(t)
0.5 0.020036 #VALUE! #VALUE! Kc = 0.935965 0.4
1 0.060484 #VALUE! #VALUE! tI = 2.466394 0.3
2 0.153238 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3 0.241466 #VALUE! #VALUE! PID Control 0.2
4 0.321123 #VALUE! #VALUE! Kc = 1.513158 0.1
5 0.392499 #VALUE! #VALUE! tI = 4.002664 0.0
6 0.456382 #VALUE! #VALUE! tD = 0.683137 0 5
7 0.513549 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8 0.564705 #VALUE! #VALUE!
9 0.610481 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10 0.651443 #VALUE! #VALUE!
15 0.800014 #VALUE! #VALUE!
20 0.885257 #VALUE! #VALUE!
25 0.934166 #VALUE! #VALUE!
30 0.962228 #VALUE! #VALUE!
 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
y(t)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
t
 0.3

0.2

y(t) 0.1

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

-0.1
t
t1 = 0.5
t2 = 9
ti = 1.53 Non-linear fit
t y(t) y(t) Deviation
0 0 0 0 K= 1.002
0.05 0.000268 0 -0.000268 t= 9.099
1.0
0.1 0.001037 0 -0.001037 td = 0.468
0.15 0.002255 0 -0.002255 0.9
0.2 0.003877 0 -0.003877 S Deviation² = 2.599E-05
0.8
0.25 0.005862 0 -0.005862
0.3 0.008172 0 -0.008172 P Control 0.7
0.35 0.010773 0 -0.010773 Kc = 19.7298 0.6
0.4 0.013636 0 -0.013636
0.5
0.45 0.016732 0 -0.016732 PI Control y(t)
0.5 0.020036 0.003507 -0.016529 Kc = 17.5406 0.4
1 0.060484 0.056901 -0.003583 tI = 1.407456 0.3
2 0.153238 0.155276 0.002039
3 0.241466 0.243413 0.001947 PID Control 0.2
4 0.321123 0.322376 0.001253 Kc = 26.11235 0.1
5 0.392499 0.39312 0.000621 tI = 1.127663 0.0
6 0.456382 0.456502 0.000119 tD = 0.168641 0 5
7 0.513549 0.513286 -0.000263
8 0.564705 0.56416 -0.000544
9 0.610481 0.60974 -0.000741
10 0.651443 0.650575 -0.000868
15 0.800014 0.799184 -0.00083
20 0.885257 0.884964 -0.000293
25 0.934166 0.934478 0.000312
30 0.962228 0.963059 0.000831
 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
y(t)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
t
 1st Order & Dead Time Chart (1)

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

y(t)

0.10

0.05
Exact
Non-Linear Fit
0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

-0.05
t

Page 17