fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx (Bihar Public Service Commission- BPSC)

fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk la;qDr eq[; (fyf[kr) izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk dh lajpuk esa fd, x;s
la'kks/u ds i'pkr~ 68oha eq[; ijh{kk ls uhps of.kZr fLFkfr ykxw gksxhA
la'kksf/r ijh{kk dh lajpuk fuEu izdkj gS&
fo"k; dksM fo"k; iw.kkZad ijh{kk dh vof/
01 lkekU; fgUnh 100 vad 03 ?kaVs (Qalifying)
02 lkekU; vè;;u] i=k&I 300 vad 03 ?kaVs
03 lkekU; vè;;u] i=k&II 300 vad 03 ?kaVs
38 fucU/ 300 vad 03 ?kaVs
04 ls 37 oSdfYid fo"k; (MCQ vkèkfjr) 100 vad 02 ?kaVs (Qalifying)

 lkekU; fgUnh esa 30 izfr'kr izkIrkad izkIr djuk vfuok;Z gksxk] fdUrq
es/k fu/kZj.k ds iz;kstukFkZ bldh x.kuk ugha dh tk;sxhA blh izdkj
oSdfYid fo"k; esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu/kZfjr U;wure izkIrkad izkIr djuk vfuok;Z gksxkA
ijUrq es/k fu/kZj.k ds iz;kstukFkZ bldh x.kuk ugha dh tk;sxhA

 è;kRo; jgs fd izR;sd vH;FkhZ dks oSdfYid fo"k;ksa dh lwph esa ls ek=k ,d oSdfYid fo"k;
dk p;u djuk gksxkA lkekU; oxZ ds fy, 40%, fiNM+k oxZ ds fy, 36.5%,
vR;Ur fiNM+k oxZ ds fy, 34%, ,oa vuqlwfpr tkfr@ tutkfr] efgykvkas
rFkk fnO;kax mEEkhnokjksa ds fy, 32%, fu/kZfjr U;wure vgZrkad izkIr djuk
vfuok;Z gksxk] fdUrq es/k fu/kZj.k ds iz;kstukFkZ bldh x.kuk ugha dh tk;sxhA
vk;ksx us Li"V fd;k gS dh oSdfYid fo"k; esa 100 cgqfodYih; iz'u (MCQ) gksaxsA
ftlesa Negative Marking ugha gksxkA ;g isij 02 ?k.Vsa dk gksxkA

bl izdkj lkekU; vè;;u&I, lkekU; vè;;u&II, rFkk fuca/ esa

izkIr vadksa vk/kj ij gh eq[; ijh{kk dh es/k lwph rS;kj (Merit List) dh tk;sxhA

1
 BPSC
eq[; ijh{kk

fuca/ (300 vad] 3 ?k.Vs)

lkekU; vè;;u (GS) • rhu SECTION • izR;sd SECTION esa pkj fuca/
2 isij × 300 = 600 vad • izR;sd SECTION ls ,d fuca/ dk p;u djrs gq, dqy rhu
fuca/ksa dks fy[kuk gSA

lkekU; vè;;u (GS) lkekU; vè;;u (GS)

isij I (300 vad) isij II (300 vad)

rhu [k.M (dqy 8 iz'u gksaxs ftuesa ls lHkh
dk mÙkj nsuk gksxkA izFke vkSj prqFkZ iz'u
dk Short Answer nsuk gksxk vkSj blesa
dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxkA 'ks"k iz'uksa esa fodYi
miyC/ gksaxs)
rhu [k.M (dqy 8 iz'u gksaxs ftuesa
ls lHkh dk mÙkj nsuk gksxkA izFke vkSj
prqFkZ iz'u dk dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxkA
'ks"k iz'uksa esa fodYi miyC/ gksaxs)

1- Hkkjr dk vk/qfud bfrgkl ,oa laLÑfr 1- Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk

(izFke iz'u dk mÙkj "Short Answers" ds :i esa
nsuk gksxk] vkSj blesa dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxk] f}rh; ,oa
r`rh; iz'u dk mÙkj O;k[;kRed (descriptive) gksxk]
ftlesa fodYi miyC/ gksxkA
(3×38= 114 vad)
2- jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh lelkef;d ?kVuk,¡
(prqFkZ iz'u dk mÙkj "Short Answers" ds :i esa
nsuk gksxk] vkSj blesa dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxk] ikaposa ,oa
NBsa iz'u dk mÙkj O;k[;kRed (descriptive) gksxk]
ftlesa fodYi miyC/ gksxkA
(3×38= 114 vad)
3- lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k] vkjs[ku vkSj fp=k.k
(dqy 2 iz'u gksxsa ftuesa fodYi miyC/ gksaxsA
(2×36= 72 vad)
(izFke iz'u dk mÙkj "Short Answers" ds :i esa nsuk
gksxk] vkSj blesa dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxk] f}rh; ,oa
r`rh; iz'u dk mÙkj O;k[;kRed (descriptive) gksxk]
ftlesa fodYi miyC/ gksxkA
(3×38= 114 vad)
2- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy
(prqFkZ iz'u dk mÙkj "Short Answers" ds :i esa
nsuk gksxk] vkSj blesa dksbZ fodYi ugha gksxk] ikaposa ,oa
NBsa iz'u dk mÙkj O;k[;kRed (descriptive) gksxk]
ftlesa fodYi miyC/ gksxkA (3×38= 114 vad)
3- Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh
Hkwfedk vkSj izHkko
(dqy 2 iz'u gksxsa ftuesa fodYi miyC/ gksaxsA
(2×36= 72 vad)(2×36= 72 vad)

uksV% 67oha eq[; ijh{kk esa lkekU; vè;;u ds fofHkUu [k.Mksa esa iz'uksa dh la[;k ,oa miyC/ fodYiksa dh fLFkfr Åij of.kZr gS] ijUrq
Hkfo"; esa bl laHkkouk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd blesa ifjorZu ugha gksxkA vr% tc Hkh vki eq[; ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gks;sa
rks iz'u&i=k esa fn, x;sa funZs'k (Direction) dks Bhd ls i<+s vkSj mldh ekax ds vuqlkj gh mÙkj fy[ksaA
vk;ksx us Li"V dj fn;k gS fd 68oha BPSC eq[; ijh{kk ls lkekU; vè;;u ds fofHkUu [k.Mksa (SECTION) esa igyk iz'u
vfuok;Z dk gksxkA 'ks"k iz'uksa esa fodYi dh mifLFkfr jgsxhA

2
 fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx (Bihar Public Service Commission- BPSC)

lkekU; vè;;u&i=k I (General Studies Paper-I)

SECTION : I
Hkkjr dk vk/qfud bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr
•• vkèkqfud Hkkjr (rFkk fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ es)a ds bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vUrxZr yxHkx mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds eè; Hkkx ls ysdj
ns'k ds bfrgkl dh :ijs[kk ds lkFk&lkFk xk¡/h] johUæ vkSj usg: ls lacfa /r ç'u Hkh lfEefyr gksxa As
•• fcgkj ds vkèkqfud bfrgkl ds lanHkZ esas ç'u bl {ks=k esas ik'pkR; f'k{kk (çkS|ksfxdh f'k{kk lesr) ds vkjEHk vkSj fodkl ls iwNs
tk,axsaA
•• blesa Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke esa fcgkj dh Hkwfedk ls lacafèkr ç'u jgsxsaA ;ss ç'u eq[;r% laFkky foæksg] fcgkj esa 1857 dk foæksg]
dqaoj flag dh Hkwfedk] fcjlk dk vkUnksyu] pEikj.k lR;kxzg rFkk 1942 dk Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ls iwNs tk;¡xsA
•• ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os ekS;Z dky rFkk iky dky dh dyk vkSj iVuk dye fp=kdyk dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa
ls ifjfpr gksaxsA

SECTION : II

jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dk lelkf;d ?kVuk pØ

•• jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu (tSls& G-20, DokM (QUAD), fczDl (BRICS), ,llhvks ('ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu) SCO (Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation) fcEkLVsd (BIMSTEC) & 1- lEesyu 2- le>kSrk 3- pfpZr eqís 4- tkjh dh xbZ fjiksVZ
5- Hkkjr dh fLFkfr
•• Hkkjr vkSj fo'o ds Lrj ij ?kfVr egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk;sa] miyfC/;k¡] mRiUu ;k Hkkoh ladV] mBk;s x;s lq/kjoknh dne ,oa mudk egRoA
•• Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr] f}i{kh; ,oa cgqi{kh; laca/A
•• la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa Hkkjr dh LFkk;h lnL;rk dk eqíkA
•• Hkkjr ,oa fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) A
•• Hkkjr ,oa ;wjksih; la?k (EU)A
•• oSf'od tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa HkkjrA
•• la;qDr jk"Vª ,oa blds }kjk mBk, x, u, dneA
(uksV% BPSC }kjk tkjh eq[; ijh{kk ds flyscl esa bl Section esa dsoy ^jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dk orZeku ?kVuk pØ* 'kCnksa
dks iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA)

SECTION : III
lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj fp=k.k
•• lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj lfp=k fu:i.k ls lacaf/r fo"k;ksa esa lkaf[;dh; vkjs[ku ;k fp=kkRed :Ik ls çLrqr lkexzh dh
tkudkjh ds vk/kj ij lgt cqf¼ dk ç;ksx djrs gq,] dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyuk vkSj mlesa ikbZ xbZ dfe;ksa] lhekvksa vkSj vlaxfr;ksa
dk fu:i.k djus dh {kerk dh ijh{kk gksxhA

3
 lkekU; vè;;u& i=k II (General Studies Paper-II)
SECTION : I

Hkkjrh; jkTkO;oLFkk (Indian Polity)

•• Hkkjrh; jkTkO;oLFkk ls lacaf/r [kaM esa Hkkjr dh (rFkk fcgkj dh) jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls lacaf/r ç'u gkssaxsA
1. lafo/ku dh mísf'kdk@izLrkouk (Preamble of the Constitution)
2. u;s jkT;ksa dk xBu% izfØ;k ,oa eqís (Formation of New State: Process and issues)
3. ukxfjdrk (Citizenship) : ukxfjdrk la'kks/u vf/fu;e (CAA)] Hkkjr dh leqæikjh; ukxfjdrk (OCI)
4. ekSfyd vf/dkj] ekSfyd] dÙkZO;] jkT; ds uhfr funZs'kd rRo (Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles
of State Policy.)
5. laln % dk;Z] vf/dkj {ks=k] U;k;ikfydk ls fookn (Parliament: functions, powers, disputes with Judiciary )
6. dsUæ jkT; laca/] la?kokn] lg;ksxh ,oa izfrLi/hZ la?kokn] fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ (Center State Relations, Federalism, cooperative
federalism & competitive federalism, Special Status State)
7. jk"Vªifr] jkT;iky] eq[;ea=kh (President, Governor, Chief Minister): jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu (Election of President)] jkT;iky dh
fu;qfDr ls lacaf/r eqísa (Issues related to appointment of Governor)] jkT;iky&eq[;ea=kh laca/ (Governor-Chief Minister
Relation)]
8. iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk] LFkkuh; Lo'kklu (Panchayati Raj System, Local Self- Government), fcgkj esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dk
izn'kZu ,oa ewY;kadu (Panchayati Raj Institution: Their performance and evaluation)
9. U;k;ikfydk] U;kf;d lfØ;rk] U;kf;d lq/kj] U;kf;d iqujh{k.k] dksyksft;e O;oLFkk (Judiciary, Judical Activism, Judicial
Reform, Judicial Review, Collegium System)
10. fuokZpu vk;ksx % xBu ,oa dk;Z (Election Commission : Consitution and powers)
11. lafo/ku la'kks/u izfØ;k (process of Constitution Ammendment) : ewy <kaps dh vo/kj.kk (Concept of basic structure)
12. ncko&lewg% fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa (Pressure-Groups: in special reference to Bihar)
13. {ks=kokn] tkfrokn] lkEiznkf;drk] iaFkfujis{krk] vkradokn] okeiaFkh mxzokn (UkDlyokn)] ?kqliSfB;ksa dks eqík (Regionalism ,
Castism, Communalism, Securlarlism, Terrorism, Left wing extremism (Naxalism), issues of Illegal immigrants )
14. fcgkj esa tkfr vk/kfjr tux.kuk (Caste based census in Bihar)
15. lk>k ljdkj dh jktuhfr] {ks=kh; jktuhfrd ny (Politics of Coalition Government, Regional Political Parties)

16. bZ&'kklu] lq'kklu] ukxfjd vf/dkj ?kks"k.kk&i=k (E-Governance, Good Governance, Citizen Charter )

SECTION : II

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (Indian economy and Geography of India)

•• Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk (Indian Economy)

1. vkfFkZd fu;kstu@ iapoo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] uhfr vk;ksx % Hkkjr esa fu;kstudky dh miyfC/;ksa dh leh{kk] dsUæhÑr ,oa fodsUæhÑr
fu;kstu] ftyk ;kstuk (Economic Planning/Five year Plans, NITI Aayog : Assesment of achievement of India in planning
era; centralised and decentralised planning, district planning)

4
2. tukafddh; eqís (Demographic Issues): tula[;k foLiQksV dh leL;k ,oa lek/ku] tukafddh; ykHkka'k (Demographic
Dividend)A
3. fodkl ls tqM+s eqís % lkE;k ds lkFk lao`f¼] lekos'kh fodkl] lrr~ fodkl @ /kj.kh; fodkl] i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ,oa /kj.kh;
fodkl] larqfyr {ks=kh; fodkl] ekuo fodkl; ekuo fodkl ds fofHkUu eki rFkk fjiksVZ % ekuo fodkl lwpdkad] [kq'kgkyh lwpdkad]
fo'o fodkl fjiksVZ (Issues related to development : Growth with equity, inclusive development, sustainable development,
environmental protection and sustainable development, balance regional development, human development; various
indices and reports related to human development : human development index, happiness index, world development
report )
4. csjkstxkjh ,oa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k (Unemployment & Related issues)
5. [kk|&lqj{kk ,oa lkekftd lqj{kk (Food Security & Social Security)
6. vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lacaf/r eqísa (Economic Development & Related issues)
7. fcgkj esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl (Industrial Development in Bihar)

Hkkjr ,oa fcgkj dk Hkwxksy (Geography of India & Bihar)

1. Hkkjr dh HkkSfrd lajpuk (Physical Structure of India)
2. viokg ra=k (Drainage System)
3. e`nk (Soil)
4. ou (Forest)
5. fcgkj esa Ñf"k (Agriculture in Bihar)
6. fcgkj esa izkÑfrd vkink,¡ (Natural Calamities in Bihar)

SECTION : III

Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vkSj çHkko

(The role and impact of science and technology in the development of India.)
Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds egRo vkSj çHkko ls lacaf/r
rhljs [kaM esa ,sls ç'u iwNs tk,¡xsa] tks Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds egRo
ds ckjs esa mEehnokj dh tkudkjh dh ijh{kk djsA buesa çk;ksfxd i{k (Applied Aspects) ij cy fn;k tk,xkA
1. ÅtkZ lalk/u] i;kZoj.k lja{k.k ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu] iznw"k.k laca/h eqísa
Energy Resources, Environmental Protection and Climate Change, pollution Related Issues

2. tSoizkS|ksfxdh] Ñf"k ,oa foKku

Biotechnology, Agriculture and Science

3. varfj{k izkS|ksfxdh] Hkkjrh; varfj{k dk;ZØe

Space Technology, Indian Space Program
4. foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl ,oa izlkj
Development and dissemination of science and technology

5
 foxr o"kkZsa esa BPSC esa iwNsa x;s iz'u

izFke iz'u i=k (First Paper)

fcgkj dh dyk ,oa laLÑfr (Art and Culture of Bihar)

1. fcgkj dh dyk ,oa fp=kdyk ij ,d fuca/ fyf[k,A

Write an essay on art and paintings of Bihar. (BPSC, 39th)

iky dyk (Pala Art)

1. fcgkj esa iky dyk dh iz/ku fo'ks"krkvksa dks fooj.k izLrqr djsaA
Give a description of the main features of Pala art in Bihar (BPSC, 41th)

2. iky dyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A

Critically examine the salient features of Pala Art. (BPSC, 43rd)

3. iky&dkyhu LFkkiR; ,oa ewfrZdyk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

State the main features of Pala-architecture and sculpture. (BPSC, 43rd)

4. iky dyk rFkk Hkou fuekZ.k dyk dks fo'ks"krkvkaas dks Li"V dhft, rFkk ckS¼ /eZ ds lkFk muds lEcU/ ij Hkh izdk'k Mkfy,A
Discuss the features of pala art and achitecture and its relationship with buddhism.
(BPSC, 65th)

ekS;Z dyk (Mauryan Art)

1. ekS;Zdkyhu ewfrZdyk ds fof'k"V y{k.k D;k gSaA

What are the distinctive features of Mauryan sculpture? (BPSC, 40th)

2. fcgkj esa izkIr ekS;Z dyk ds oSf'k"V;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

Identify the main features of the Mauryan Art as found form Bihar. (BPSC, 42nd)

3. ekS;Z dyk dh izeq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft;sA

Critically examine the salient features of Maurayan Art. (BPSC, 44th)

4. ekS;Z dyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft;sA

Discuss the salient features of the Mauryan Art. (BPSC, 53rd-55th)

5. ekS;Z dyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft;sA

Disuss the salient features of the Mauryan Art. (BPSC, 53rd-55th)

6. ekS;Z dyk ij izdk'k Mkfy, rFkk fcgkj esa blds izHkko dk fo'ys"k.k dhft;sA
Throw light on Mauryan art and analyze its impact in Bihar. (BPSC, 60th-62nd)

7. ekS;Z dyk rFkk Hkou fuekZ.k dyk dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft;s rFkk ckS¼ /eZ ds lkFk muds laca/ ij Hkh izdk'k Mkfy,A
Discuss the features of Mauryan art and architecture and its relationship with Buddhism.
(BPSC, 64th)

6
8. ekS;Zdkyhu dyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the chief characteristics of Mauryan Art. (BPSC, 67th)

iVuk dye fp=kdyk (Patna Kalam Painting)

1. iVuk dye fp=kdyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft;sA

Discuss the chief characteristics of Patna Kalam painting. (BPSC, 45th)

2. iVuk dye fp=kdyk 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dk foospu dhft;sA

Discuss the salient features of Patna Kalam painting style. (BPSC, 48th-52nd)

3. iVuk dye fp=kdyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

Describe the main features of Patna Kalam painting style. (BPSC, 56th-59th)

4. iVuk dye fp=kdyk 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dk ijh{k.k dhft;sA

Exmine the main features of Patna Kalam painting style. (BPSC, 63rd)

5. iVuk dye fp=kdyk dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks LIk"V dhft,A

Explain the salient features of Patna Kalam painting style. (BPSC, 65th)

Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn (Nationalism in India)

1. 19oha lnh ds mÙkjk¼Z ls Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ds fodkl dk vkykspukRed leh{kk dhft,A

Critically examine the evolution of Indian nationalism since the late 19th century. (BPSC, 64th)

2. etnwj oxZ vkSj jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

Write a short note on working class and national movement. (BPSC, 64th)

3. MkW- jktsUæ izlkn vkSj jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

Write a short note on Dr. Rajendra Prasad and the National Movement. (BPSC, 65th)

4. Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h dkjdksa dk mYys[k dhft,A izkjfEHkd jk"Vªokfn;ksa ds izfr fczfV'k uhfr;ksa dh
ppkZ dhft,A
Discuss the factors responsible for the formation of the Indian National Congress. What were the British policies towards
early nationalists? (BPSC, 67th)

fcgkj esa tutkrh; foæksg (Tribal Revolt in Bihar)

1. fcjlk vkanksyu ij fo'ks"k izdk'k Mkyrs gq, fcgkj ds vkfnoklh vkanksyuksa dh leh{kk dhft,A
Review the trible movements of Bihar by throwing special light on the Birsa movement. (BPSC, 35th)
2. fcjlk vkanksyu ds Lo:i dh O;k[;k djrs gq, tutkrh; 'kklu ij mlds izHkko dh vkykspuk dhft,A
Write a critique of the Birsa Movement with social reference to its natue and the lesson it left on trible administration.
(BPSC, 42nd)
3. vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ tutkrh; la?k"kkZsa dks fcjlk us ,d u;k /kfeZd usr`Ro iznku fd;k LIk"V dhft,A
Explain the Birsa provided a new religious leadership to the trible struggles against the British. (BPSC, 44th)
4. fcjlk vkanksyu dk vk/kjHkwr mís'; Fkk vkarfjd 'kqf¼dj.k rFkk fons'kh 'kklu ds lekfIr dh bPNk] Li"V dhft,A
The underlying objective of the Birsa movement was internal purfication and the desire to end foreign rule, explain.
(BPSC, 53rd-55th)
5. laFkky fonzksg Hkkjr esa fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu ds fo:¼ izFke rhoz izfrfØ;k FkhA O;k[;k dhft,A
The Santhal Rebellion was the first rapid reaction against the British colonial rule in India. Explain (BPSC, 43rd)

7
6. laFkky fonzksg Hkkjr esa fczfV'k mifuos'kokn ds fo:¼ l'kL=k tu izfrjks/ dk ,d vkn'kZ izLrqr djrk gSA Li"V dhft,A
The Santhal rebellion represents a model of armed mass resistance against British colonialism in India. Explain.
(BPSC, 45th)
7. fcgkj esa laFkky fonzksg ds dkj.k ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the main causes of the santhal uprising. What were its consequences? (BPSC, 48th)
8. laFkky fonzksg ds dkj.kksa o ifj.kkeksa dks vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A
Critically examine the causes and consequences of the Santhal rebellion. (Auditor)
9. laFkky fonzksg ds eq[; dkj.kksa dk fooj.k nhft, muds D;k izHkko gq,A
Discuss the main causes of the Santhal rebellion, what were their effects.
(BPSC, 56th-59th)
10. fcgkj esa laFkky foæksg ds dkj.kksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the causes and consequences of the Santhal rebellion in Bihar. (BPSC, 63rd)
11. laFkky foæksg ds D;k dkj.k Fks mldh xfr vkSj mlds ifj.kke D;k FksA
What were the reasons for the Santhal rebellion, its speed and what were its results. (BPSC, 66th)
12. fcjlk vkanksyu dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh leh{kk dhft,A
Review the features of the Birsa Movement. (BPSC, 66h)
13. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksa& laFkky fonzksg
Write a short note- Santhal Uprising (BPSC, 67h)

1857 dk foæksg (Revolt of 1857)

1. ^^bl fu"d"kZ dk fuokj.k dfBu gS fd 1857 dk rFkkdfFke izFke jk"Vªh; laxzke u rks izFke gS u jk"Vªh; vkSj u gh Lora=krk laxzke
ghA** leh{kk dhft,A
It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the so-called First national War of 1857 is neither the first, nor the national, nor
the freedom struggle. comment it. (BPSC, 41st)
2. 1857 ds foæksg esa dqaoj flag dh Hkwfedk dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the role of Kunwar Singh in the Revolt of 1857. (BPSC, 43rd)
3. fcgkj esa 1857 ds foæksg ds foIyo ds mn~Hko dh foospuk dhft, rFkk bldh vliQyrk ds dkj.kksa dks mYys[k dhft,A
Discuss the causes of the outbreak of the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar and mention the reasons for its failure.
(BPSC, 47st)
4. 1857 dh Økafr esa dqaoj flag ds ;ksxnku dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A
Critically examine the contribution of Kunwar Singh in the Revolt of 1857. (BPSC, 41st)
5. fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa 1857 dh Økafr ds egRo dh vkykspukRed foospuk dhft,A
Critically examine the significance of the Revolt of 1857 with special reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 56-59th)
6. 1857 ds foæksg ds D;k dkj.k Fks] fcgkj esa mldk D;k izHkko FkkA
What were the reasons for the Revolt of 1857? What was its effect in Bihar. (BPSC, 65th)

paikj.k lR;kxzg (Champaran Satyagraha)

1. fcgkj ds fdlku vkanksyu dk lekU;rk o.kZu djrs gq, paikj.k vkanksyu ds fo'ks"krk xka/hth ds gLr{ksi dks foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the peasant movement of Bihar in general, and the intervention of Gandhiji particularly in the Champaran
movement. (BPSC, 39th)
2. Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu ds bfrgkl esa paikj.k lR;kxzg ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk Fkh] Li"V dhft,A
The champaran Satyagraha was an important milestone in the history of the freedom Movement elucidate.
(BPSC, 42nd)

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3. D;k vki bl n`f"Vdks.k ls lger gSa fd paikj.k lR;kxzg Hkkjr ds Lora=krk la?k"kZ ds bfrgkl esa ,d ifjorZu fcanq FkkA
Do you agree with the view that the Champaran Satyagraha was a turing point in the history of India's freedom struggle.
(BPSC, 47th)
4. fdlku foæksg ds fy, paikj.k lR;kxzg ds egRo dks Li"V dhft,A
What was the significance of Champaran Satyagraha for peasant uprisings. (BPSC, 56-59th)
5. fcgkj esa paikj.k lR;kxzg ds dkj.kksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the cause and consequences of Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar (BPSC, 63rd)
6. paikj.k lR;kxzg Lok/hurk la?k"kZ dk ,d fu.kkZ;d eksM+ Fkk Li"V dhft,A
Expalin the Champaran Satyagraha was a turning point in the freedom struggle. (BPSC, 64th)
7. paikj.k lR;kxzg Lok/hurk la?k"kZ dk ,d fu.kkZ;d eksM+ Fkk Li"V dhft,A
Expalin the Champaran Satyagraha was a turning point in the freedom struggle. (BPSC, 66th)
8. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,& paikj.k lR;kxzg
Write a Short Note- Champaran Satyagraha (BPSC, 67th)

fcgkj esa fdlku vkanksyu (Peasant Movement in Bihar)

1. Lokeh lgtkuan ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa fcgkj esa gq, Ñ"kd vkanksyuksa ij vkykspukRed fVIi.kh fyf[k,
Write a critical note on the peasant movements in Bihar with special reference to Swami Sahajanand. (BPSC, 43rd)
2. Lokeh lgtkuan vkSj fdlku laHkk vkanksyu ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
Write a note on Swami Sahajanand and Kisan Sabha Movement. (BPSC, 65th)

fcgkj esa f'k{kk dk fodkl (Development of Education in Bihar)

1. fcgkj dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa if'peh rduhdh f'k{kk ds ;ksxnku dh vkykspukRed foospuk dhft,A
Critically discuss the contribution of Western technical education in the economy of Bihar. (BPSC, 39th)
2. rduhdh f'k{kk ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa fcgkj esa 1900&1947 ds nkSjku ik'pkR; f'k{kk ds izlkj dk fooj.k nhft,A
Give an account of the spread of Western education in Bihar during 1900-1947 with special reference to technical
education. (BPSC, 42nd)
3. fczfV'k 'kklu dky esa fcgkj esa if'peh f'k{kk ds fodkl dk vkykspUkkRed fooj.k nhft,A
Give critical account of the spread of western education in Bihar during British rule. (BPSC, 42nd)
4. vk/qfud fcgkj esa f'k{kk vkSj izsl ds fodkl dh O;k[;k dhft, ,oa Lora=krk vkanksyu esa f'k{kk vkSj izsl dh Hkwfedk crkb,A
Explain the development of education and press in modern Bihar and state the role of education and press in the
freedom movemen. (BPSC, 46th)
5. vius vè;;u dky esa fcgkj esa rduhdh f'k{kk dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the technical education in Bihar during the period of your study. (BPSC, 47th)
6. fcgkj esa 1813 ls 1947 ik'pkR; f'k{kk ds fodkl dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the development of Western education in Bihar from 1813 to 1947. (BPSC, 60-62nd)
7. fcgkj esa lu~ 1857 ls 1947 rd ik'pkR; f'k{kk ds fodkl dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the development of Western education in Bihar from 1857 AD to 1947 AD. (BPSC, 63rd)
8. 1858 ls 1914 ds nkSjku fcgkj esa ik'pkR; f'k{kk ds izlkj dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the spread of Western education in Bihar during 1858 to 1914. (BPSC, 65th)
9. 1857&1947 ds eè; fcgkj esa ik'pkR; ,oa rduhdh f'k{kk ds foLrkj ds Øe dks vuqjsf[kr dhft,A
Trace the course of expansion of Western and technical education in Bihar between 1857-1947. (BPSC, 65th)

9
 caxky foHkktu (Partition of Bengal)

1. caxky ds foHkktu us Hkkjr ds Lora=krk laxzke dh fn'kk dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k\ foospuk dhft,A
Discuss how the partition of Bengal affected the course of India's freedom struggle. (BPSC, 40th)

fcgkj jkT; dk fuekZ.k (Formation of Bihar State)

1. caxky ls fcgkj ds vyx gksus ,oa vk/qfud fcgkj ds mn; ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
Through light on the separation of Bihar from Bengal and the rise of modern Bihar. (BPSC, 46th)

lfou; voKk vkanksyu (Civil disobedience movement)

1. lfou; voKk vkanksyu esa fcgkj ds fofHkUu lkekftd oxkZsa dh Hkwfedk dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the role of different social classes of Bihar in the Civil Disobedience Movement. (BPSC, 45th)

O;fDrxr lR;kxzg (Individual Satyagraha)

1. 1940&41ds O;fDrxr lR;kxzg esa fcgkj ds ;ksxnku dk o.kZu djsaA

Describe the contribution of Bihar in the Individual Satyagraha of 1940-41. (BPSC, 53-55th)

Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu (Quit India Movement)

1. Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu eas fcgkj ds ^vktkn nLrk* dh D;k Hkwfedk Fkh\
What was the role of the 'Azad Dasta' of Bihar in the Quit India Movement. (BPSC, 40th)
2. fcgkj esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds izHkko dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the impact of Quit India Movement in Bihar. (BPSC, 41st)
3. fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds Lo:i rFkk foLrkj dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
Analyze the nature and extent of the Quit India Movement with special reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 44th)
4. 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu esa fcgkj ds ;ksxnku dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the contribution of Bihar in the Quit India Movement (BPSC, 48-52th)
5. 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds nkSjku fcgkj esa tu Hkkxhnkjh dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the people's participation in Bihar during the Quit India Movement of 1942. (BPSC, 60-62th)
6. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[kas& ^t;izdk'k ukjk;.k vkSj Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu*
Write a short note- "Jayprakash Narayan and Quit India Movement." (BPSC, 66th)
7. 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu ij ,d fucU/ fyf[k,A D;k ;g ,d vuk;kl gh gksus okyk vkUnksyu Fkk\
Write an essay on the Quit India Movement of 1942. Was it a spontaneous movement? (BPSC, 67th)

lqHkk"k paæ cksl (Subhash Chandra Bose)

1. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksa& lqHkk"k paæ cksl vkSj vkbZ ,u ,

Write a short note - Subhash Chandra Bose and INA

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 egkRek xka/h (Mahatma Gandhi)

1. Lons'kh ij tksj nsdj xka/h th dkSu lk lans'k nsuk pkgrs Fks\

What message did Gandhiji sought to convey through his insistence on Swadeshi? (BPSC, 40th)
2. ^o.kZ&tkfr* O;OkLFkk ij xka/h th ds fopkjksa dk vkykspukREkd ewY;kadu djsaA vLi`';rk ds fo:¼ muds lfØrkokn ls D;k og
laxr Fks\
Critically evaluate Gandhi's views on the "Varna-Caste" system. Were they consistent with his activism against
untouchability?
3. fcgkj ds tu vkanksyu esa xka/h th dh Hkwfedk dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
Analyse the role of Gandhiji in the Mass Movement of Bihar. (BPSC, 46th)
4. xka/hth dh jgL;kRedrk esa ekSfyd fopkjksa dk nkao&ispksa dh lgt izo`fÙk vkSj yksd psruk esa vuks[kh iSB ds lkFk vuks[kk esy
'kkfey gSA O;k[;k dhft,A
Gandhiji's mysticism consists of a unique combination of original ideas with an innate tendency to gimmic and unique
penetration into the public consciousness. Explain. (BPSC, 60-62nd)
5. xka/h ds lkekftd ,ao lkaLÑfr fopkjksa dh egÙkk dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the importance of Gandhi's social and cultural ideas. (BPSC, 63rd)
6. tkfr vkSj /eZ ij xka/hth ds fopkj ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
Write a short note on Gandhiji's view on caste and religion. (BPSC, 65th)
7. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksa & LkR;kxzg ij xka/hth ds fopkj
Write a short note- Gandhiji's views on Satyagraha. (BPSC, 66th)
8. ,d izfrf"Br jk"Vªh; uk;d ds :i esa xka/hth ds mn; ds fy, mÙkjnk;h dkjdksa dk vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
Critically analyze the factors responsible for the emergence of Gandhiji as an eminent nationlist leader.
(BPSC, 67th)

johUæ ukFk VSxksj (Rabindra Nath Tagore)

1. Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa johUæ ukFk VSxksj dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft,A ;g dkaxzsl ls fdl izdkj fHkUu FkhA
Describe the role of Rabindra Nath Tagore in the Indian National Movement. how it was different from the Congress.
(BPSC, 39th)
2. johaæ ukFk VSxksj ds lkeftd ,ao lkaLÑfrd fopkjksa dh egÙkk dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the importance of social and cultural ideas of Rabindara Nath Tagore. (BPSC, 48-52th)
3. ^johUæukFk VSxksj ,d cgqeq[kh izfrHkk laiUu O;fDr FksA* foospuk dhft,A
Rabindranath Tagore was versatile genius. Discuss. (Audit Trail)
4. jk"Vªokn dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, jfoaæ ukFk VSxksj us bls fdl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;kA
Define Nationlism How Rabindra Nath Tagore defined it. (BPSC, 56-59th)
5. caxky lkfgR; rFkk laxhr esa jfoaæ ukFk VSxksj ds ;ksxnku dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the contribution of Rabindra Nath Tagore to Bengal literature and music. (BPSC, 60-62th)
6. laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksa& johUæukFk VSxksj dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
Write a short note- Rabindranath Tagore's contribution to the Freedom Movement. (Marks 19, BPSC, 67th)

tokgj yky usg: (Jawaharlal Nehru)

1. vk/qfud Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa usg: dh Hkwfedk dh leh{kk dhft,A

Discuss the relevance of Nehru in the making of modern India. (BPSC, 56-59th)

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2. tokgjyky usg: dh fons'k uhfr ds izeq[k y{k.kksa dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the main features of Jawaharlal Nehru's foreign policy. (BPSC, 60-62nd)
3. usg: vkSj /eZfujis{krk ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
Wirte a short note on Nehru and Secularism. (BPSC, 64th)
4. lkaiznkf;drk vkSj /eZfujis{krk ij usg: ds fopkj dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss Nehru's views on communalism and secularism. (BPSC, 66th)

varjjk"Vªh; laca/ (International Relation)

blds varxZr Hkkjr ds iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd laca/ rFkk bu laca/ksa dks fufeZr djus ds fl¼karksa ls lacaf/r iz'u iwNs
tkrs gSaA bu iz'uksa dh izo`fÙk izk;% lelkef;d gksrh gSA bu iz'uksa la lacaf/r VkWfid fuEufyf[kr gksaxsA
Under this, questions related to India's political relations with neighboring countries and the principles of building these rela-
tions are asked, the trend of these questions is often contemporary. The topics related to these questions will be as follows.

varjkZ"Vªh; laca/ (International Relation)

1. 12oha fczDl lEesyu esa izeq[k mHkjrs eqíksa& oSf'od fLFkjrk ds fy, lk>snkjh [kk| lqj{kk vkSj fodkl ds fy, vfHkuo o`f¼ dk
o.kZu dhft,A
Explain the 12th BRICS Summit- Partnership for Global Sustainability, Food Security and innovation Growth for
Development. (BPSC, 66th)

2. Hkkjr ;wjksih; la?k ds eè; O;kid vk/kjHkwr O;kikj vkSj fuos'k le>kSrk dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the Comprehensive Infrastructure Trade and Investment Agreement between India and the European Union.
(BPSC, 66th)

3. ^DokM* dh mRifÙk] lnL;rk] fodkl ,ao mís';ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A Hkkjr ds fy, bldk D;k egRo gS\
Discuss the origin, membership, development and objectives of "QUAD". What is its significance for India?
(BPSC, 67th)

lelkef;d eqísa (Current Issues)

lkaiznkf;drk (Mobilization)

1. orZeku Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkaiznkf;drk [krjukd leL;k gS] ppkZ dhft,A
Communalism is a dangerous problem in the present Indian society Discuss. (BPSC, 66th)

2. Hkkjr esa lkaiznkf;drk ij uksV fy[kasA fojks/h ny Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dks lkEiznkf;d dgdj D;kas lacksf/r djrs gSaA
Write a note on communalism in India. Why do the opposition parties address the Bharatiya Janata Party as communal.
(BPSC, 44th)

3. Hkkjr esa lkaiznkfd;rk dh leL;k ij izdk'k MkysaA

Throw light on the problem of communalism in India. (BPSC, 48-52nd)

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 HkweaMyhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k (Globalization, Globalization)

1. HkweaMyhdj.k D;k gS\ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij bldk D;k izHkko iM+k gS\
What is globalization, what is its impact on the Indian economy. (BPSC, 43rd)

2. oS'ohdj.k dk Hkkjr dh lkekftd] jktuhfrd o vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ij D;k izHkko iM+k gS fyf[k,A
Write the impact of globalization on the socio-political and economic system of India. (BPSC, 48-52nd)

3. Hkkjr esa HkweaMydj.k ds ldkjkRed rFkk udkjkRed izHkkoksa dh xaHkhjrk iwoZd foospuk dhft,] foKku rFkk rduhdh udkjkRed
izHkkoksa dks dSls de dj ldrs gSa] O;k[;k dhft,A
Critically discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization in India, explain how science and technology can
reduce the negative effects. (BPSC, 56-59th)

ekuokf/dkj (Human Right)

1. lkoZHkkSe ekuo vf/dkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaA

Write a short notes an universal Declaration of Human Rights. (BPSC, 48rd-52nd)

2. kuo vf/dkjksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ l;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk ekuokf/dkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk&1948 ij izdk'k Mkfy,A fcgkj ljdkj }kjk
fiNys ,d n'kd esa bUgsa c<+kok nsus gsrq D;k iz;kl fd, x,\
What do you understand by Human Rights Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations 1948? Throw light on the
efforts made by the Government of Bihar to promote them in the last decade. (BPSC, 60-62th)

jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; eqís (National and Internation Issues)

1. ^vfxziFk* fodkl vFkok fouk'k dh vksj iFk gS\ fVIi.kh dhft,A

'Agnipath' is a path towards development or destruction? Comment. (BPSC, 67th)

2. Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa] ^,d jk"Vª ,d fuokZpu* dh vo/kj.kk dk o.kZu dhft, rFkk blds i{k vkSj foi{k esa vius rdZ dhft,A
Discuss the concept of 'One Nation One Election' in Indian context and give your arguments for and against it.
(BPSC, 67th)

3. :l vkSj ;wØsu ds eè; ;q¼ dk ewy dkj.k D;k gS\ Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa fo'o ds jk"Vªksa ij blds izHkko dk o.kZu dhft,A
What is the root cause of ware between Russia and Ukrain? Discuss its impat upon the nations of the world with special
reference to India. (BPSC, 67th)

4. izk;% ;g vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gs fd lÙkk/kkjh ny vius fufgr LokFkkZsa gsrq laoS/kfud laLFkkvksa dk nq:ik;ksx djrk gSA D;k vki bl
er ls lger gSa\ vius mÙkj ds i{k esa rdZ nhft,A
It is generally alleged that ruling party misuses the Constitutional Institutions for its vested interest. Do you agree with
this view? Give arguments in support of your answer. (BPSC, 67th)

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 f}rh; iz'u i=k (Second Paper)

Hkkjrh; dk lafo/ku ( Constitution of India)

lafo/ku dh mísf'kdk ;k izLrkouk (Preamble or Preamble of the Constituiton)

1. Hkkjr ds lafo/ku dh mísf'kdk esa izfrf"Br n'kZu ds vkSfpR; ,oa egRo dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the justification and importance of the philosophy embodied in the Preamble of the Constituion of India.
(BPSC, 42nd)
2. Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh izLrkouk dh izÑfr ,oa egRo dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the nature and importance of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. (BPSC, 45th)

ekSfyd vf/dkj ,oa ekSfyd dÙkZO; (Fundamental Rights & Fundamental Duty)

1. laifÙk ds vf/dkj ds orZeku :i dk vkykspukRed ewY;kadu dhft,A

Critically evaluate the present form of Right to Property. (BPSC, 43rd)
2. Hkkjrh; lafo/ku }kjk iznÙk ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, fdl izdkj vuqPNsn 21 dh U;k; dh O;k[;k vius thou ds vf/
dkj ds fo"k; {ks=k dk foLrkj fd;k gSA
Describe the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constituiton. How Article 21's interpretation of justice has
expanded its cope of Right to Life. (BPSC, 56-59th)
3. lafo/ku vkSj laoS/kfudrk ds chp D;k varj gS\ Hkkjr ds lqizhe dksVZ }kjk vuqeksfnr ewy lajpuk ds fl¼kar ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrk ls
tkap djsaA
What is the difference between Constitution and Constitutionalism Examine seriously about the principle of basic structure
approved by the Supreme Court of India. (BPSC, 63rd)
4. Hkkjrh; lafo/ku viuh izLrkouk esa Hkkjr dks ,d lektoknh /eZfujis{k yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT; ?kksf"kr djrk gSA bl ekSfyd dÙkZO; dks
fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, dkSu ls laoS/kfud mica/ fd, x, gSa\
The Constituion of India, in its Preamble, Declares India to be a Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic. What
constitutional provisions have been made to implement this fundamental act? (BPSC, 64th)
5. Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa fyf[kr ekSfyd dÙkZO;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
Mention the Fundamental Duties as written in the Indian Constitution. (BPSC, 39th)

jkT; ds uhfr funZs'kd rRo fl¼kar (Directive Principles of State Policy)

1. Hkkjr ds lafo/ku esa fufgr jkT; ds uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dh foospuk djsa ,oa mldk egRo crk,aA
Discuss the Directive Principles of State Policy contained in the Constitution of India and state its importance.
(BPSC, 40th)
2. fofHkUu uhfrfunZs'kd fl¼karksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 1950 ds ckn fcgkj esa mUgsa fdl rjg ls fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k gS\
Describe the various Directive Principles and how they were implemented in Bihar after 1950. (BPSC, 53-55th)
3. jkT; ds uhfr funZs'kd rRo ifo=k ?kks"k.kk ek=k ugha gS cfYd jkT; ds uhfr ds ekxZn'kZu ds fy, lqLi"V funZs'k gSA
The Directive Principles of State Policy are not mere sacred declarations but clear instructions to guid the policy of the
State.
4. O;k[;k dhft, vkSj crkb, fd os O;ogkj esa dgka rd ykxw fd, x, gSaA
Do and state to what extent they have been applied in practice. (BPSC, 60-62nd)

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 dsaæ&jkT; laca/ (Center-State Relationship)

1. Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dks v¼Z la?kh; D;ksa dgk tkrk gS ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine why the Indian Constitution is called quasi federal. (BPSC, 39th)
2. Hkkjrh; la?kokn esa mHkjrh gqbZ izo'fÙk;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
Analyze the emerging trends in Indian Federalism. (BPSC, 41th)
3. Hkkjrh; yksdra=k esa mHkjrh gqbZ izo'fÙk;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
Analyze the emerging trends in Indian democracy. (BPSC, 43rd)
4. Hkkjrh; la?k O;oLFkk esa lkef;d izpyukas dh O;k[;k djsaA D;k jkT;ksa dks vf/d Lok;Ùkrk dh vko';drk gS\
Explain the contemporary trends in the Indian federal system. Do states need more autonomy?
(BPSC, 48-52nd)
5. Hkkjrh; la?kh; O;oLFkk vkSj dsUæ jkT; ds iz'kklfud laca/ dk jk"Vªh; vkradokn fujks/h ifj"kn ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the adminstrative relation between the Indian federal system and the center state with special reference to the
National Anti-Terrorism Council. (BPSC, 53-55th)
6. Hkkjrh; la?kkRed O;oLFkk esa dsaæ jkT;ksa ds eè; ruko ds {ks=kksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A orZeku le; esa la?kh; ljdkj rFkk fcgkj ds
eè; laca/ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Analyze the areas of tension between the central and states in the Indian federal system. Describe the relationship between
the federal government and Bihar at present. (BPSC, 56-59th)
7. dsaæ izk;ksftr ;kstuk,a dsuæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp ges'kk fookn dk eqík jgs gSaA mnkgj.kksa dks gokyk nsrs gq, ppkZ djsaA
Centrally Sponsored Schemes have always been a point of contention between the Center and the States. Discuss citing
examples. (BPSC, 63rd)
8. ^^Hkkjrh; la?kh; <kapk laoS/kfud :i ls dsUæ ljdkj dh vksj mUeq[k gSA** O;k[;k dhft,A
Indian federal structure is constitutionally oriented towards the Central Government. Explain (BPSC, 66th)
9. fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa Hkkjr esa dsUæ&jkT; laca/ksa dh leL;k vkSj Hkfo"; eas bldh laHkkoukvksa dh ppkZ dhft,A tk¡p dhft, fd
lgdkjh la?kokn ds vuq:i leL;k dks jpukRed :i ls dSls laHkkyk tk ldrk gSA
Discuss the problem of Centre-State relationship in India and its prospects in future, with special reference to Bihar.
Examine as to how the problem can be constructively handled in tune with cooperative federalism. (BPSC, 67th)

jk"Vªifr (President)

1. Hkkjrh; jk"Vªifr ds fuokZpu i¼fr dk ijh{k.k dhft,A

Examine the method of elections of the President of India. (BPSC, 41th)
2. ^^tqykbZ 2007 esa laiUu jk"Vªifr dk pquko dbZ dkj.kksa ls vuwBk FkkA** dqN dkj.kksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
Election of President in July 2007 was unique for various reasons. Enumerate some of them. (BPSC, 47th)
3. ^^Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dh Hkwfedk ifjokj ds ml cqtqxZ ds leku gSa] tks lHkh izkf/dkj j[krk gS fdarq ;fn ?kj esa 'kSrku ;qok lnL;
mldh uk lqus rks og dqN Hkh izHkkoh ugha dj ldrk gSA** ewY;kadu djsaA
The role of the President of India is like that of the eleder in the family who holds all the authority but if the naughty young
member in the house does not listen to him, then he cannot do anything effective. Evaluate (BPSC, 66th)

jkT;iky (Governor)

1. Hkkjr esa fdlh jkT; ds jkT;iky dh 'kfDr;ka rFkk mldh fLFkfr dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the powers and position of the Governor of a State in India. (BPSC, 39th)
2. jkT;iky dh 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk djsa rFkk fcgkj esa orZeku ?kVukvksa ds lanHkZ esa bldh Hkwfedk dh O;k[;k djsaA
Exaplain the powers of the Governor and explain its role in the context of recent developments in Bihar.
(BPSC, 41st)

15
3. jkT;iky dh vkSj dk;kZsa rFkk fcgkj esa budh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft,A
Discuss the power and actual position of the Governor and his role in Bihar. (BPSC, 53rd)
4. fcgkj dh jktuhfr esa jkT;iky dh 'kfDr;kaas rFkk okLrfod fLFkfr dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the powers and actual position of the Governor in the politics of Bihar. (BPSC, 60-62th)
5. Hkkjr esa jkT; dh jktuhfr esa jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft, fo'ks"k :i ls fcgkj ds lanHkZ esa D;k og dsoy
,d dBiqryh gSA
Critically examine the role of the Governor in State politics in India, especially in the context of Bihar. Is he a mere
puppets? (BPSC, 64th)

eq[;ea=kh (Chief Minister)

1. jkT; ds eq[;ea=kh dh fu;qfDRk dk o.kZu djsaA fcgkj ds orZeku eq[;ea=kh dh 'kfDr;ksa] dk;kZsa rFkk miyfC/;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA
How the Chief Minister of State is appointed? Critically examine the powers, functions and achievements of present Bihar
Chief Minister. (BPSC, 44th)

laln (Parliament)

1. ^lalnh; laizHkqrk* dk D;k vFkZ gS\ D;k Hkkjrh; laln dks ^izHkqRo lEiUu* ;k ^xSj&izHkqRo laiUu* ;k nksuksa le>rs gSaA vki vius
fopkj nhft,&
What is meant by 'Parliamentary Sovereignty'? Do you consider Indian Parliament as 'Sovereign' or 'Non-Sovereign' or
both . Give your views. (BPSC, 40h)
2. Hkkjrh; laln ,d ^xSj izHkqrk laiUu* fof/ fuekZ=kh laLFkk gSA bl dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
Examine the statement that the Indian Parliament is a 'Non-Sovereign' law making body. (BPSC, 65th)
3. ^Hkkjr dh laln jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k dk ,d izHkkoh eap gSA* foospuk dhft,A
"The Parliament of India is an effective forum for national integration." Discuss. (BPSC, 66th)
4. ^Hkkjrh; laln Lok;Ùk fo/kueaMy ugha gSA bldh 'kfDr;k¡ fo'kky rks gSa] ij vlhe ugha* bl dFku ij fVIi.kh dhft, vkSj bl ij
izdk'k Mkfy, fd Hkkjrh; laln dh rqyuk mlds fczfV'k led{k ls D;kas ugha dh tk ldrhA
"The Indian Parliament is not a sovereign legislature. It has vast but not unlimited powers." Comment on this statement
and highlight as to why the Indian Parliament cannot be equated with it British counterpart. (BPSC, 67th)

iapk;rh jktO;oLFkk (Panchayati Raj System)

1. Hkkjr esa iapk;rh jkt ds mís'; rFkk mudh fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
Mention the objectives the characteristics of Panchyati Raj in India. (BPSC, 35th)
2. Hkkjr esa lafo/ku la'kks/u dh izfØ;k D;k gS\ 73osa lafo/ku la'kks/u ds o.kZu djsaA vc rd Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa fdrus la'kks/u gks
pqds gSa\
What is the procedure of constitutional amendment in India? Describe the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, how many
amendments have been done in the Indian Constitution so far. (BPSC, 44th)
3. 73osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e ds vk/kjHkwr izko/kuksa dk o.kZu djsaA
Describe the basic provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. (BPSC, 46th)
4. xzke Lrj ij jktuhfrd psruk o ukjh l'kfDrdj.k ij 73oas lafo/ku la'kks/u ds izHkkoksa dk fcgkj ds fo'ks"k alnHkZ esa ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the effects of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment on political consciousness and women empowerment at the
village level with special reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 47th)
5. fcgkj ds lnaHkZ esa xzke LFkkuh; ljdkj ds dk;kZsa dh 1994 ls vkt rd ds dk;kZsa dh O;k[;k djsaA

16
 Explain the functions of village local government in the context of Bihar from 1994 till date. (BPSC, 48-52nd)
6. ^,d lqf'kf{kr ,oa laxfBr LFkkuh; Lrj dh 'kklu iz.kkyh ds vHkko esa iapk;rsa ,ao lfefr;k¡ eq[;r% jktuhfrd laLFkk,¡ cuh jg tkrh
gSa vkSj 'kklu iz.kyh dk izHkko'kkyh midj.k ugha cu ikrh gSA* vkykspukRed leh{kk dhft,A
In the absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, Pnachyats and Samitis remain primarily
political institutions and do not become effective instruments of the system of governance. Critically Review.
(BPSC, 56-59th)

U;k;ikfydk (Judiciary)

1. ^U;kf;d lfØ;rkokn* dk D;k vFkZ gs bldk ewY;kadu djsaA

Evaluate what is meant by 'Judicial Activism'. (BPSC, 45th)
2. U;kf;d iqujh{k.k ls vkidk D;k vfHkizk; gS\ Hkkjr ds lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk izfrikfnr ^ewy <+kaps ds fl¼kar* dk vkykspukRed
o.kZu dhft,A
What do you mean by judicial review? Critically describe the Principle of Basic Structure propounded by the Supreme
Court of India. (BPSC, 56-59th)
3. Hkkjrh; 'kklu esa U;kf;d lfØ;rk ,d uohu vko/kj.kk gS foopsuk dhft,A rFkk U;kf;d lfØ;rk ds i{k vkSj foi{k esa fn, x,
eq[; rdkZsa dks Li"V dhft,A
Judicial Activism is a new concept in Indian governance, discuss and expalin the main arguments given in favor and
against Judicial Activism. (BPSC, 64th)
4. ,d Lora=k U;k;ikfydk] ftls ^U;kf;d leh{kk* dh 'kfDr izkIr gS] Hkkjr ds lafo/ku dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA D;k vkidks yxrk
gS ^U;kf;d lfØ;rk* us lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ksa dks vkSj c<+k fn;k gS\ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A
An Independent judiciary, having the power of "judicial review", is a salient feature of the Constitution of India. Do you
think "Judicial activism" has further added to the powers of the Supreme Court? Explain with examples. (BPSC, 67th)

{ks=kokn@ u;s jkT;ksa dk xBu (Regionalism/Formation of new states)

1. vktknh ds ckn Hkkjr esa {ks=kokn ds fodkl ds fy, mÙkjnk;h dkj.kksa dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the reasons responsible for the gorwth of regionalism in India after independence. (BPSC, 35th)
2. Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa ds mn; dk o.kZu dhft,A D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd {ks=kh; vkdka{kkvksa vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk dks larq"V
djus ds fy, {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa dk vfLRkRo vPNk gS\ vius mÙkj ds leFkZu esa rdZ nhft,A
Account for the emergence of regional political parties in India. Do you think the existence of the regional political parties
is good for satisfying regional aspirations and national unity? Give reason in support of your answer. (BPSC, 67th)

fuokZpu vk;ksx (Elections Commission)

1. ,d cgq&lnL;h; fuokZpu vk;ksx esa eq[; pquko vk;qDr dh fLFkfr dh leh{kk dhft,A
Review the position of the Chief Elction Commissioner in a multi-member Election Commission. (BPSC, 40th)
2. Hkkjr ds fuokZpu vk;ksx ij ,d fuca/ fyf[k, A
Write an essay on the Election Commision of India. (BPSC, 45th)
3. Hkkjrh; pquko vk;skx ds funZs'ku ds varxZr vck/ ,oa fu"i{k pquko ds lapkyu esa ukSdj'kkgh dh Hkwfedk dh ppkZ dhft,A
Review the position of the Chief Election Commissioner in a multi-member Election Commission. (BPSC, 46th)
4. Hkkjr ds fuokZpu vk;ksx dh 'kfæ ,oa dk;Z iz.kyh ,oa Lora=k ,ao fu"i{k pquko esa bldh Hkwfedk dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the power and functioning of India's Nirvana Aapog and its role in rough and fiar elections. (BPSC, 53-55th)

17
5. Lora=k vkSj fu"i{k pquko ds lapkyu esa Hkkjr ds fuokZpu vk;ksx dh Hkwfedk dh xaHkhjrk ls tkap djsa bl laca/ esa pqukoh igpku
i=k fdl mís'; ls dk;Z djrk gSA
Critically examine the role of the Election Commission of India in the conduct of free and fair elections. What purpose
does which the Electoral Identity Card serve in this regard? (BPSC, 63th)

Hkkjrh; pquko izfØ;k vkSj jktuhfrd ny (Indian election process and political parties)

1. fcgkj esa pquko izfØ;k ij fuca/ fy[ksaA

Write an essay on election process in Bihar. (BPSC, 43rd)
2. lokZsPp U;k;y ,oa fuokZpu vk;ksx ds pquko lq/kj laca/h gky ds fu.kZ; dh O;k[;k dhft,A ;g fdl rjg Hkfo"; esa Hkkjrh;
jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djsaxs le>kb,A
Explain the recent decision of the Supremen Court and the Election Commission on electoral reform, how it will affect
Indian politics in the future. (BPSC, 45th)
3. pquko izpkj ls vki D;k le>rs gSaA fcgkj ds pquko izpkj dh egRoiw.kZ i¼fr;ksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
What do you understand by election compaign Throw light on the important methods of election campaign in Bihar.
(BPSC, 46th)
4. pquko yksdra=k dh ân; xfr ds leku gSA ;fn cgqr tYnh&tYnh gS cgqr vfu;fer :i ls gksrs gSa rks yksdra=k iru gks ldrk gSA
Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds lanHkZ esa eè;kof/ pquko ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A
Elections are like the heart beats of a democracy, if they happen too quickly, too erratically, democracy collaps. Exress
your views on mid-term elections in the context of Indian politics. (BPSC, 47th)
5. gky ds fnuksa esa Hkkjrh; ikVhZ dh jktuhfr o c<+rs {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa ds izHkko D;k gSa\
What is the effect of Indian party politics and growing regional political parties in recent times. (BPSC, 63rd)
6. Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd nyh; O;oLFkk jk"VªksUeq[kh u gksdj O;fDr mUeq[kh gSA bl rF; dks fcgkj jkT; ds ifjizs{; esa Li"V djsaA
Explain the fact that the Indian political party system is person oriented rather than nation oriented, in the context of Bihar
state. (BPSC, 45th)
7. Hkkjr esa jktuhfr ds vijk/hdj.k dh leL;k ds lek/ku gsrs oksgjk desVh ds lq>koksa dks crkb;sA
State the suggestions of Vohra committee to solve the problem of criminalization of politics in India.
(BPSC, 40th)
8. cgqr vf/d jktuSfrd ny Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds fy, vfHk'kki gSA bl rF; dh fckgj ds ifjizs{; esa Li"V dhft,A
Too many political parties are a curse for Indian politics. Explain this fact in the context of Bihar. (BPSC, 64th)

jktuhfr esa /eZ@tkfrokn (Religion/Casteism in Politics)

1. fcgkj esa tkfroknh jktuhfr ij ,d vkykspukRed fuca/ fyf[k,A

Write a critical essay on casteist politics in Bihar. (BPSC, 40th)
2. Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa tkfrokn dh Hkwfedk ij izdk'k Mkysa rFkk bl ij fcgkj dk fo'ks"k lanHkZ nsaA
Throw light on the role of casterism in Indian politics and give special reference to Bihar on it. (BPSC, 47th)
3. lu~ 1977 ls fcgkj dh jtuhfr esa tkfr fo"k; ij ,d laf{kIr ,oa vkykspukRed fuca/ fyf[k, vkSj mu dkj.kksa ij fo'ks"k :i ls
izdk'k Mkysa tks orZeku fLFkfr ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSaA
Write a short and critical essay on the topic of caste in Bihar politics since 1977 and throw special light on the reasons
which are responsible for the present situation. (BPSC, 40th)
4. Hkkjr ds oxZ jpuk esa tkfr dh D;k Hkwfedk gSA
What is the role of caste in the class formation of India. (BPSC, 43rd)

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5. fcgkj dh jktuhfr esa tkfr ,oa /eZ dh Hkwfedk dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the role of caste and religion in the politics of Bihar. (BPSC, 45th)
6. fcgkj dh jtkuhfr esa tkfr ,oa /eZ dh Hkwfedk dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Caste and class play an important role in Indian politics, explain this era in the context of Bihar. (BPSC, 48-52nd)
7. Hkkjrh; pqukoh jktuhfr esa tkfr dh Hkwfedk dk vkdyu dhft, fcgkj ds 2015 ds pquko dks tkfr dh Hkwfedk us fdl lhek rd
izHkkfor fd;kA
Assess the Role of Caste in Indian Electoral Politics to what extent did the role of caste affect Bihar's 2015 election.
(BPSC, 56-59h)
8. tkfr vkSj /EkZ ls tqM+h igpku ij 1881 dh tux.ku ds izHkko ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
Write a short note on the Impact of the 1881 Census on Identity Linked to Cast and Religion. (BPSC, 64th)

lk>k ljdkj dh jktuhfr (Politics of coalition Government)

1. ^dsUæ esa feyh&tqyh ljdkj ds iz;ksx ls uk rks yksdra=k lqn`<+ gqvk gS vkSj uk gh lgHkkxh vkSj lgdkjh la?kokn ds fy, vuqdwy
ifjfLFkfr;ka cu ldrh gSaA* D;k vki lger gSa\
Examine the relevance and significance of the philosophy enshrined in the preamble of the constituion of India.
(BPSC, 42nd)
2. Hkkjr esa lk>k jktuhfr ds vkfoHkkZo ds fy, eq[; dkj.k D;k gSa bu lk>ksa dh laHkkouk dh foospuk dhft,A
What are the main reason for the emergence of coalition politics in India? Discuss the possibility of these coalitions.
(BPSC, 45th)
3. D;k vki lger gSa fd Hkkjrh; jktuhfr vkt eq[; :i ls o.kZukRed jktuhfr dh ctk; fodkl jktuhfr ds vkl&ikl ?kwEkrh gS
fcgkj ds lanHkZ esa ppkZ djsaA
Do you agree that Indian politics today mainly revolves around development politics rather than descriptive politics
Discuss with reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 63rd)

ncko lewg (Pressure Group)

1. Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa izeq[k ncko lewgksa dh igpku dhft, vkSj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa mudh Hkwfedk dk ijh{k.k dhft;sA
Identify the major pressure groups in Indian politics and examine their role in Indian politics. (BPSC, 60-62th)

Hkkjr ,oa fcgkj dk Hkwxksy (Geography of India & Bihar)

Ñf"k ,oa [kk| lqj{kk (Agriculture and Food Security)

1. fcgkj ds Ñf"k {ks=k ds fodkl fodkl esa ijaijkxr rFkk ikjaifjd rduhdh ds iz;ksx ds egRo ij ,d fuca/ fyf[k,A
Write an essay on the importance of use of traditional and traditional technology in the development of agriculture sector
of Bihar. (BPSC, 42nd)
2. Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh eq[; izo`fÙk;ka mHkj dj vkbZ gSaA ppkZ djsaA
Discuss the main trends of Indian Agriculture after Independence. (BPSC, 41st)
3. mnkjhdj.k ds ifj.kke Lo:Ik Hkkjrh; Ñf"k esa dkSu&dkSu lh egRoiw.kZ izo`fÙk;k¡ mHkj dj vkbZ gSaA
What important trends have emerged in Indian agriculture as a result of liberalization. (BPSC, 44th)

19
4. fcgkj esa fofHkUu Ñf"k mitksa dh izfr gsDVs;j mRiknu fLFkj D;ksa gSa\ buds vk/kjHkwr dkj.kksa ,oa mUgsa nwj djus ds egRoiw.kZ mik;ksa
dks le>kb,A
Explain the basic reasons why the production per hectare of various agricultural produce is stable in Bihar and important
measures to overcome them. (BPSC, 46th)
5. ^^gfjrØkafr us Hkkjr esa vukt mRiknu dks c<+k;k gS ijUrq blus vusd i;kZoj.kh; leL;k,¡ mRiUUk dj nh gSa** bldh O;k[;k mnkgj.k
lfgr dhft,A
"Green revolution has increased the production of food grains in India but has created many environmental problems,"
explain this with examples. (BPSC, 48-52th)
6. fdl izdkj ls Hkkjrh; ekulwu dk ifjorZu'khy LoHkko Hkkjr ds Ñf"k dks izfrdwy :i ls izHkkfor djrk gS\ fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ
esa bldh O;k[;k dhft,A
7. How the changing nature of the Indian monsson adversely affects the agriculture of India, explain it with special reference
to Bihar. (BPSC, 53rd)
8. Hkkjr esa Ñf"k foi.ku dk o.kZu dhft, ,oa Ñf"k foi.ku O;oLFkk dh detksfj;ksa dks crkb,A O;oLFkk esa lq/kj gsrq fcgkj ljdkj
}kjk D;k mik; fd, x, gSaA
Describe the agricultural marketing in India and state the weaknesses of the agricultural marketing system. what measures
have been taken by the Bihar government to impore the system. (BPSC, 56-59th)
9. Hkkjrh; Ñf"k esa le`f¼ ,oa mRikndrk dh izo`fÙk;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft, ns'k esa mRikndrk esa lq/kj ykus vkSj Ñf"k vk; dks c<+kus
ds mik; Hkh le>kb,A
Explain the trends of prosperity and productivity in Indian agriculture. Also suggest measures to improve productivity and
increase agricultural income in the country. (BPSC, 60-62th)
10. orZeku esa Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh izeq[k leL;kvksa ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, mUgsa nwj djus gsrq lq>ko nsa lkFk lkFk gh Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ds fodkl
gsrq ljdkj }kjk pyk, tk jgs izeq[k dk;ZØeksa dh ppkZ djsaA
Throwing light on the major problems of Indian agriculture at present, give suggestions to overcome them, as well as
discuss the major programs being run by the government for the development of Indian agriculture. (BPSC, 63rd)
11. Hkkjrh; Ñf"k esa 1991 ls le`f¼ ,oa mRikndrk dh izo'fÙk;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,] fcgkj esa Ñf"k mRiknu vkSj mdls mRikndrk dks
c<+kus ds fy, O;kogkfjd mik; fd, tkus pkfg,A
Explain the trends of property and productivity in Indian agriculture since 1991. Practical measures should be taken to
increase agricultural production and its productivity in Bihar. (BPSC, 46th)
12. Hkkjr esa [kk| lqj{kk dh vko';drk dk vykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A
Critically examine the need for food security in India. (BPSC, 64th)

izkÑfrd vkink (Natural calamity)

1. izkÑfrd foink,¡ fcgkj esa fu/Zurk dk izeq[k dkj.k gSA D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gS\ bl ij vius fopkj crkb,A
Natural calamities are the main cause of poverty in Bihar. Do you agree with this statement? Share you view on it.
(BPSC, 47th)

e`nk ,oa ou (Soil & Forest)

1. Hkkjr esa e`nk vijnu ds izeq[k HkkSfrd ,oa lkaLÑfrd dkj.k D;k gSaA
What are the major physical and cultural causes of soil erosion in India. (BPSC, 39th)
2. Hkkjr ds izeq[k e`nk izns'kksa dh fo'ks"krk,a rFkk egRoiw.kZ iQlyksa ds fy, mudh mi;ksfxrk dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the characteristics of the major soil regions of India and their utility for important crops. (BPSC, 42nd)
3. Hkkjr esa ou ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa fdl izdkj ;ksxnku djrs gSaA
How forests in India contribute to the economic development of the country. (BPSC, 41st)

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 Hkkjr dh HkkSfrd lajpuk (Physical Structure of India)

1. izk;}hih; Hkkjr dh lajpuk rFkk fodkl dh foospuk dhft,A

Discuss the structure and development of peninsular India. (BPSC, 40th)
2. Hkkjr dks HkkSfrd izns'kksa esa foHkDr dj ekufp=k lfgr mudk o.kZu dhft,A
Divide India into physical regions and describe them with a map. (BPSC, 43rd)
3. izkÑfrd fofo/rkvksa us Hkkjr esa vleku fodkl dks tUe fn;k gSA bldh O;k[;k mfpr mnkgj.k lfgr dhft,A
Natural variations have given rise to uneven development in India, explain it with suitable examples. (BPSC, 48-52th)
4. IysV foorZfudh fl¼kar ds vk/kj ij fgeky; dh mRifÙk dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Expalin the origin of Himalayas on the basis of plate tectonics theory. (BPSC, 39th)

unh ty fookn@ cgqmís'kh; unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk,¡ (River Water Disputes/ Multipurpose Rive Valley Projects.)

1. Hkkjr esa cgqmís'kh; ifj;kstuk ds fo:¼ vkanksyu dh izklafxdrk dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k djsaA
Critically examine the relevance of the Movement Against Multipurpose Project in India. (BPSC, 41st)

2. fcgkj jkT; ds fodkl esa cgqmís'kh; unh ?kkVh ifj;kstukvksa dh Hkwfedk dks le>kb,A
Explain the role of multipurpose river valley projects in the development of Bihar State. (BPSC, 44th)

3. Hkkjr esa unh ty ds caVokjs dks ysdj varj jkT; fooknksa ds dkj.kksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk lksnkgj.k dhft,A D;k bl leL;k
dk lek/ku gks ldrk gSA
Discuss the causes and consequences of Inter-state disputes over sharing of river water in India. Illustrate whether this
problem can be resolved. (BPSC, 42nd)

Hkkjr ,oa fcgkj dh vFkZO;oLFkk (Economy of India and Bihar)

tukafddh; eqís (Demographic Issues)

1. ^fodkl ds fy, c<+rh tula[;k ,d izeq[k ck/d gSA* foospuk djsaA

Discuss growing population is major obstacle to development. Explain (BPSC, 40th)

2. Lora=krk izkfIr ds i'pkr Hkkjr dh tula[;k dh o`f¼ izfr:i dh izknsf'kd fofo/rk dk fooj.k nhft, rFkk vkfFkZd fo"kerk ij
muds izHkko dks n'kkZb,A
Give an account of the regional diversity of India's population growth pattern after independence and their effect on
economic inequality. (BPSC, 42nd)

3. Hkkjr esa 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vLFkkbZ urhtksa us Hkkjr dh ?kVrh gqbZ tula[;k nj ,oa fyaxkuqikr dks iznf'kZr fd;k gSA ;g fdl
izdkj ls Hkkjr esa izknsf'kd fu;kstu dks izHkkfor djsxkA
The provisional result of the 2011 census in India have shown India's declining population rate and sex ration. How it will
affect regional planning in India. (BPSC, 53-55th)

4. tukfddh; ykHkka'k D;k gS\ vkfFkZd le`f¼ ij blds izHkko dks LIk"V dhft,A
What is demographic dividend. Explain its effect on economic prospserity. (BPSC, 56-59th)
5. ^tc rd Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f¼ vo:¼ ugha dh tkrh] rc rd vkfFkZd fodkl dks mlds lgh :i esa ugh ns[kk tk ldrkA* bl
dFku dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
"Unless the growth of population is checked in India the economic development cannot be judged in its true perspective.

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 Examine this statement. (BPSC, 64th)
6. tukafddh; ykHkka'k ls D;k le>rs gSa\ ;w,u,iQih, dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr fo'ks"k:i ls fcgkj dksb blds ykHk mBkus ds volj
fdl le; rd izkIr gksaxsA fcgkj }kjk bl laca/ esa mBk, x, dneksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
What is understood by Demographic Dividend? As per UNFPA report, by what time India, especially Bihar, will get
opportunities to take advantage of it. Highlight the steps taken by Bihar in this regard. (BPSC, 66th)

vkfFkZd fu;kstu ,oa uhfr vk;ksx (Economic Planning & NITI Aayog)

1. iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds varxZRk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa jkstxkj ds voljksa esa o`f¼ gsrq D;k&D;k dne mBk, x, gSaA
What steps have been taken to increase employment opportunities in rural areas under the five year plans.
(BPSC, 40th)
2. nloh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds vk/kjHkwr mís'; D;k gS\ bu mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ O;wg uhfr dks le>kb,A
What are the basic objectives of the Tenth Five year Plan? Explain the strategy made by the government to achieve these
objectives. (BPSC, 46th)
3. X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa lekos'kh fodkl D;k gS\ ;kstuk vk;ksx ds }kjk bls izkIr djus ds fy, D;k j.kuhfr rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
What is inclusive growth in the Eleventh Five Year Plan? What is the strategy prepared by the Planning Commission to
achieve it. (BPSC, 47th)
4. ljdkj viuh iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ls fcgkj esa xjhch gVkusa esa fdl gn rd liQy jgh gSA
To what extent the government has been successful in eradicating poverty in Bihar through its five year plans.
(BPSC, 48-52)
5. Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd fu;kstu ds eq[; miyfC/;ksa dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the main achievements of Indian economic planning. (BPSC, 64th)
6. Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd lq/kjksa ds ckn ds dky esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu dh izklafxdrk dh foospuk dhft,A bl lanHkZ esa le>kb, fd fdl
izdkj jkT; vkSj cktkj ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa ldkjkRed Hkwfedk fuokZg ldrs gSaA
Discuss the relevance of economic planning in the post-reform period in India. Explain in this context how the state and
the market can play a positives role in the economic development of the country. (BPSC, 65th)
7. ^uhfr vk;ksx ds LokLF; lwpdkad] 2021* ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr ds 19 cM+s jkT;ksa esa ls fcgkj dk LFkku 18oka gSA bl jkT; esa] bl
n;uh; fLFkfr ds mÙkjnk;h dkjdksa dks lwphc¼ dhft,A fcgkj esa LokLF; fLFkfr dks lq/kjus ds fy, D;k dne mBk;s x;s gSa\ D;k
os i;kZIr gSa\ vius mÙkj dks rF;ksa ,oa vkadM+ksa ls iq"V dhft,A
As per "NITI Aayog Health Index, 2021", Bihar ranks 18th out of 19th larger states of India. List the factors responsible
for this pity situation in this state. What steps have been taken to improve health situation in Bihar? Are the sufficient?
support your answer with fact and figures. (BPSC, 67th)

fu;kstu ,oa fodkl (Planning and Development)

1. ftyk;kstuk ls vki D;k le>rs gSaA blds liQy gksus ds dkSu ls 'krZ gSaA
What do you understand by district planning, what are the conditions for its success. (BPSC, 40th)
2. fuEu Lrj fu;kstu us Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fodkl izfØ;k dks c<+kok fn;k gS mfpr mnkgj.k lfgr bldk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A
Low level planning has promoted the process of economic development in India. Critically examine it with suitable
examples. (BPSC, 40th)
3. ftyk;kstuk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ blds liQy gksus ds dkSu ls 'krZ gSa\
What do you understand by district planning? What are the conditions for its success? (BPSC, 40th)
4. {ks=kh; fodkl ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA fcgkj ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa {ks=kh; fu;kstu dgka rd liQy jgk gSA foospuk dhft,A
What is meant by regional development? Discuss how far regional planning has been successful in the economic
development of Bihar. (BPSC, 56-59th)
5. gky dh vof/ esa iapk;rh O;oLFkk ds l'kfDRkdj.k ds ekè;e ls fodsafær fu;kstu ds ifjn`'; dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A
Decentralized planning through empowerment of Panchyati system has been the focus of India's planning in the recent
period, explaining this statement, present an outline of Integrated. Regional development Planning Poverty Scenario of

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 Decentralized Planning in India after. 73rd Amendment to the constitution Critically examine. (BPSC, 60-62th)
6. ftyk;kstuk ls vki D;k le>rs gSaA blds liQy gksus ds dkSu ls 'krZ gSaA
What do you understand by district planning, what are the conditions for its success. (BPSC, 60-62th)
7. ;g dgk tkrk gS fd ^thfodk (ch- vkj- ,y- ih- ,l-) efgyk l'kfDrdj.k dk vkStkj gSA* bl ifj;kstuk dk ifjp; nhft, rFkk
blds mís';ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A fcgkj esa efgyk l'kfDrdj.k ds lanHkZ esa ^thfodk ifj;kstuk* dh Hkwfedk dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
It is said that "JEEVIKA (BRLPS) is a tool of women empowerment". Give an introduction of this proect and describe
its objectives. Evaluate the role of 'JEEVIKA SCHEME' in the context of women empowerment in Bihar. (BPSC, 67th)

fu/Zurk (Poverty)

1. fu/Zurk dh vo/kj.kk ls vkidk D;k vk'k; gS\ fu/Zurk dh xgurk ,oa Hkkjr esa 'kq: fd, x,A fofHkUu fu/Zurk mUewyu dk;ZØeksa
dks le>kb,A
What do you mean by the concept of poverty? Explain the intensity of poverty and the various poverty alleviation
programs launched in India. (BPSC, 44th)
2. crk, thou dh ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa ls oafpr jgus dk ekeyk gS bls le>k,¡ vkSj de djus ds mik; crk,¡A
It is matter of being deprived of the basic necessities of live, explain it and suggest way to reduce it. (BPSC, 47th)
3. Hkkjr esa xjhch ds vuqeku ij ppkZ djrs gq, xjhch ds ftEesnkj dkjdksa dh O;k[;k djsaA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk xjhch nwj djus ds fy,
dkSu&dkSu ls dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSaA
Discussing the estimation of poverty in India, explain the responsible factors of poverty, which programs are being run by
the Government of India to remove poverty. (BPSC, 63th)
4. fcgkj esa O;kIr vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fo"kerkvksa ds eq[; dkj.k D;k gSa\ ljdkj }kjk vlekukrvksa dks de djus ds fy, mBk, x,
dneksa dk vkykspukRed ewY;kadu dhft,A
What are the main causes of economic and social inequalities prevailing in Bihar Critically evaluate the steps taken by the
government to reduce these inequalities. (BPSC, 66th)

csjkstxkjh dh leL;k (Unemployment Problem)

1. Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dh izÑfr D;k gS\ D;k vki lksprs gSa fd jk"Vªh; jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/fu;e xzkeh.k fu/Zuksa dh fu/Zurk
,oa csjkstxkjh dh le:k dk gy dj ldsxkA
What is the nature of the problem of unemployment in India. Do you think that the National Employment Guarantee Act
will solve the problem of poverty and unemployment of the rural poor. (BPSC, 46th)
2. Hkkjr esa nh?kZdkyhu jkstxkj uhfr dk eq[; eqík jkstxkj iznku djuk ugha oju Je 'kfDr dh jkstxkj {kerk dks c<+kuk gSA bl dFku
dk foospu xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{k.k o izf'k{k.k ds ekè;e ls Kkuo/Zd {ks=k ds fodkl ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa dhft,A ns'k esa 2000 ds ckn
{ks=kokj jkstxkj l`tu dh izo`fÙk;ksa vkSj iQfyrkFkkZsa dks Hkh le>kb,A
The main issue of long-term employment polity in India is not to provide employment but to increase the employablity
of the labor force. Discuss this statement with special reference to the development of knowledge sector through quality
education and training. Sector wise employment in the country after 2000. Also explain the tendencies and implications
of creation. (BPSC, 60-62nd)
3. Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds iQSyko ds ckn vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr jkstxkj ;kstuk ds gky dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa ,oa
izko/kuksa dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the recent salient features and provisions of the Self-Reliant India. Employment Scheme after the outbreak of
the COVID-19 pandemic with special reference to India. (BPSC, 66th)

vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lacaf/r eqísa (Economic development & Related Issues)

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1. fcgkj esa le`¼ izkÑfrd lalk/uksa ds cktown vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh xfr /heh D;ksa gS\
Why is the pace of industrial development slow in Bihar despite rich natural resources? (BPSC, 40th)
2. fcgkj esa lesfdr {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dks n'kkZb,A bldh miyfC/;k¡ D;k gSa\
State the main feature of the Integrated Area Development Program in Bihar, what are its achievement. (BPSC, 41st)
3. fcgkj esa m|ksxksa ds fy, lalk/u laHkkO; ;kstuk rFkk vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Examine the resource potential planning and development for industries in Bihar. (BPSC, 42nd)
4. ^fodkl dh laiw.kZ laHkkoukvksa ds gskrs gq, Hkh fcgkj Hkkjr dk ,d fiNM+k jkT; ekuk tkrk gSA* Li"V dhft,A
Despite all the possibilities of development, Bihar is considered a backward state of India. Explain (BPSC, 43rd)
5. lkekftd lsok {ks=k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fcgkj jkT; ds ekuo fodkl lwpdkad dks lq/kjus esa bldh Hkwfedk LIk"V dhft,A
What do you understand by social service sector? Explain its role in improving the Human Development Index of the state
of Bihar. (BPSC, 45th)
6. Hkkjr ds izeq[k cM+s iSekus ds m|ksx HkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls dqN fo'ks"k {ks=kksa esa gh LFkkfir gks ik, gSaA blds dkj.kksa dh O;k[;k djsa ,oa
Hkkjr ds izeq[k cqfu;knh m|ksxksa dh O;k[;k djsaA
Explain the reasons why India's major large scale industries have been geographically established only in certain areas
and explain the main basic industries of India. (BPSC, 63rd)
7. Hkkjr esa ik;s tkus okys izeq[k [kfutksa dh foLrkj ls O;k[;k djsaA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl esa buds ;ksxnku dh ppkZ djsa A
lkFk gh Hkkjr dh ubZ [kfut uhfr dh izeq[k ckrksa dks crk,¡A
Explain in detail the major minerals found in India, discuss their contribution to the economic development of the Indian
economy. as well as state the main points of India's new mineral policy. (BPSC, 63rd)
8. Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds ifjizs{; esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh Hkwfedk dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Explain the role of WTO in the context of Indian economy. (BPSC, 64th)
9. fcgkj ds rhoz vkfFkZd fodkl esa eq[; ck/k,¡ D;k gSa\ bu ck/kvksa dks fdl izdkj nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
What are the main obstacles in the rapid economic development of Bihar? How can these obstacles be overcome.
(BPSC, 65th)
10. lw{; y?kq ,oa eè; miØeksa dh ubZ ifjHkk"kk crkb,A Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd o`f¼ dh xfr dks rhoz djus o vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr vfHk;ku
dh liQyrk dh lqfuf'pr djus esa bu miØeksa dh Hkwfedk dk vkykspukREkd ewY;kadu dhft,A
Give a new definition of micro, small and medium enterprises. Critically evaluate the role of these enterprises in
accelerating the pace of industrial growth in India and ensuring the success of the self-reliant India campaign.
(BPSC, 65th)
11. i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vkSj /kj.kh; fodkl esa D;k laca/ gS\ Hkkjr dsa vkfFkZd le`f¼ rFkk i;kZoj.k vk/k iru ij ,d laf{kIr fVIi.kh
fyf[k,A
What is the relation between environmental protection and sustainable development? Write s a short note on economic
prosperity and environmental half-degradation in India. (BPSC, 56-59th)
12. ekuo fodkl dk ekiu dSls fd;k tkrk gS\ ekuo fodkl dk;Z&lwph dks izkIr djus ds fy, fcgkj ljdkj dh lkr izfrc¼rk,¡ D;k
gSA\ bu y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, ljdkj dh ;kstukvksa dks le>kb,A
How Human development is measured? What are the seven commitments of the Government of Bihar to achieve Human
Development Agenda? Explain the plans of the Government to achieve these goals. (BPSC, 56-59th)
13. Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds vleku fodkl us dbZ lkekftd vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa
dFku dk vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
The uneven development of Indian states has given rise to may socio-economic and plitical problem. Critically analyze
the statement with special reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 66th)
14. fcgkj ljdkj ds 2019&20 ds vkfFkZd loZs{k.k esa ;g dgk x;k fd xr 3 o"kkZsa esa fcgkj dh fodkl nj Hkkjr dh fodkl nj ls
vf/d jgh gSA vFkZO;oLFkk ds fdu {ks=kksa us bl izxfr esa ;ksxnku fd;k gS] o.kZu dhft,A

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 In the Economic Survey of Bihar Government for 2019-20, it was said that the growth rate of Bihar in the last 3 year is
more than the growth rate of India. Describe which sectors of the economy have contributed more to this progress.
(BPSC, 66th)
15. fcgkj esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk fp=k izLrqr dhft, rFkk Hkkjr ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl ls rqyuk dhft,A bl jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fiNM+siu
ds dkj.kksa dks bafxr dhft, rFkk fLFkfr dks lq/kjus ds fy, fcgkj ljdkj }kjk mBk;s x;s gkfy;k lq/kjkRed dneksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Present the picture of Industrial development in Bihar and compare with industrial development of India. Indicate the
causes of Industrial Backwardness in this state and illustrate the recent remedial steps taken by the Government of Bihar
to imporve the situation. (BPSC, 67th)
16. fcgkj jkT; esa fo|eku izeq[k izkÑfrd lalk/uksa ds uke fyf[k,A buesa ls fdUgha nks dks pqfu, rFkk mu {ks=kksa dks n'kkZb, tgk¡ ;s ik;s
tkrs gSa vkSj fcgkj ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa buds egRo dk o.kZu dhft,A
Write the name of major natural resources existing in Bihar state. Out of these, select any two and show the pockets where
they are found and narrate their importance in Bihar's economic development. (BPSC, 67th)

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

ÅtkZ (Energy)

1. Hkkjr esa dpjs ds izca/u ,oa muls mRiUu ÅtkZ dh laHkkoukvksa ij ,d ys[k fyf[k,A
Write an article on the management of waste in India and the possibilities of energy generated from it.
(BPSC, 48-52th)
2. vius ns'k esas ÅtkZ ds xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr dh leL;k dh foospuk dhft,A dkcZu ØsfMV D;k gS\ ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy,
fdruk oSf'od Å"ehdj.k >syk tk ldrk gSA
Discuss the problem of non-conventional source of energy in your country. What is carbon credit? How much global
warming can be tolerated for the economic development of the country. (BPSC, 47th)
3. UDAY (mTtoy fMLdkWe ba';ksjsal) ;kstuk D;k gS\ dkSu ls jkT; bl ;kstuk ds Hkkxhnkj gSa fcgkj fdl rjg ls UDAY ls ykHkkfUor
gksxkA
What is the UDAY (Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana)? Which states are the partners of this scheme, how Bihar will
benefit from UDAY. (BPSC, 60-62th)
4. fcgkj jkT; esa c<+rh ÅtkZ dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, mu oSKkfud iz;klksa dk lq>ko nhft,A ftUgsa vki ykxw djuk pkgsxsaA
Suggest the scientific efforts that you would like to implement to meet the growing energy requirement in the state of
Bihar. (BPSC, 56-59th)

Hkkjrh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ ,oa ukfHkdh; dk;ZØe (Indian Nuclear Energy & Nuclear Programme)

1. Hkkjr esa dpjs ds izca/u ,oa muls mRiUu ÅtkZ dh laHkkoukvksa ij ,d ys[k fyf[k,A
Write an essay on the possible opporaches for management of wastes and their potential to generate energy in India.
(BPSC, 48-52nd)
2. Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds fofHkUu voLFkkvksa dk o.kZu djsaA
Describe the different phases of India's nuclear energy programme. (BPSC, 40th)
3. Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ la;a=ksa ds fuekZ.k dh mi;qDrrk ds i{k vkSj foi{k esa rdZ dks la{ksi ls izLrqr djsaA
Summaries the arguments for and against the suitability of building nuclear power plants in India. (BPSC, 41th)
4. Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk;ZØe dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Describe the various problems of nuclear power program in India. (BPSC, 42nd)

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5. ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ D;k gS\ D;k ukfHkdh; la;a=k Hkkjrh; ÅtkZ ladV dh leL;k dks lqy>k ldrk gS\
What is nuclear energy? Can a nuclear power plants solve the problem of Indian energy crisis? (BPSC, 43rd)
6. vius ns'k esa ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds lSU; ,oa ukxfjd mi;ksxksa ds chp ijLij laca/ dh foospuk dhft,A vius ns'k ds lSU; dk;ZØe esa
gky gh esa fd, x, Hkkjr&vesfjdk ukfHkdh; LohÑfr dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
Discuss the interdependence of civilian & military applications of nuclear energy in our country. Examine the recent Indo-
US nuclear agreement in the light of our future military programme. (BPSC, 47th)
7. Hkkjrh; ijek.kq fl¼kar ij ,d fuca/ fy[ksaA iQqdqf'kek ijek.kq vkink us ijek.kq rduhdksa ds [krjs ij nqfu;k dk è;ku iqu%dsafUær
dj fn;k gSA Hkkjr dh c<+rh ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa dks ns[krs gq, bl jkLrs dks R;kx nsuk D;k Hkkjr ds fy, mi;qDr gksxk\ D;k gekjh
ÅtkZ dh t:jrs oSdfYid lzksrksa ls iwjh dh tk ldrk gS\ O;k[;k dhft,A
Write an Essay on Indian Nuclear Doctrine. The Fukushima nuclear disaster has refocused the world's attention on the
dangers of nuclear technologies. Would it be appropriate for India to abandon this path in view of India's growing energy
needs? The need can be meet from alternative sources, explain. (BPSC, 53-55th)
8. ÅtkZ dh c<+rh gqbZ t:jrksa ds ifjizs{; esas D;k Hkkjr dks vius ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk;ZØeksa dks foLrkj tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A ukfHkdh;
ÅtkZ ls laca/fr rè; ,oa Hk; dh foospuk dhft,A
With growing energy needs, should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programmes? Discuss the facts and feas
associated with nuclear energy. (BPSC, 60-62nd)
9. ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa izxfr ns'k ds fodkl esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gS\ foLrkj ls le>k,aA ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ fdl izdkj ls ns'k
dh dqy ÅtkZ ds mRiknu ds {ks=k esa lgk;d gS] ppkZ djsaA ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds ldkjkRed ,oa udkjkRed i{k dks Li"V djsaA
How progress in the field of nuclear energy is helpful in the development of our country, explain in detail. How nuclear
energy is helpful in the production of total energy of the country. Discuss Explain the positive and negative aspect of
nuclear energy. (BPSC, 63rd)

i;kZoj.k (Environment)

1. i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fofHkUu izdkj ds iznw"k.kksa dk o.kZu djsaA Hkkjr esa ekuo ds LokLF; ij muds izHkko dk Hkh
o.kZu djsaA
What do you understand by environmental pollution? Describe the different types of pollution. Also describe their effects
on human health in India. (BPSC, 42nd)
2. Hkkjr esa okrkoj.kh; iznw"k.k fdl izdkj ekuo LokLF; dk izHkkfor dj jgk gS\ vk/qfud izkS|ksfxdh ds }kjk fdl izdkj iznw"k.k dks
de fd;k tk ldrk gS\
How environmental pollution is affectiong human health in India? How pollution can be reduced by modern
technology? (BPSC, 43rd)
3. isVªksfy;e rFkk dks;ys ds iz;ksx ls ok;q nwf"kr gks tkrh gSA bl iznw"k.k dks ge dSls de djs ldrs gSa\
The use of petroleum and coal pollutes the air, how can we reduce this pollution. (BPSC, 45th)
4. i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k vkSj ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds chp D;k laca/ gS\ ;g n'kkZb, fd i;kZoj.k laj{k.k fu;eksa dks rFkkdfFkr fodkl
ds fy, R;kx vR;ar d"Vnk;h gksxkA
Discuss the relationship of Environmental Pollution & Economic development in our country. Show that it will be
disastrous to sacrifice environmental protection laws for the sake of the 'So-Called'- development. (BPSC, 47th)
5. i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k ds dkj.k D;k gSa\ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl fyf[k,A
What is the cause of environmental pollution. Write international effors for environmental protection. (BPSC, 48-52nd)
6. Hkkjr ds fy, iznw"k.k xaHkhj [krjk cuk x;k gS\ blds dkj.kksa dh igpku dhft, ,oa bafxr dhft, fd 'kklu }kjk dkSu ls vfuok;Z
dne mBkus pkfg, ,oa turk }kjk dkSu ls LoSfPNd dne mBk, tkus pkfg,A
Pollution has become serious threat for India. Identify causes and indicate which mandatory steps should be taken by the
Government and what should be voluntarily done by the public. (BPSC, 60-62th)
7. Xykscy okWfeZx D;k gS\ Xykscy okfeZax ls gksus okys izHkko dks de djus ds fy, fd, tkus okys iz;klksa esa Hkkjr dk D;k ;ksxnku
gS\ fudV Hkfo"; esa iwjk fo'o ds ekuo ds }kjk dh tkus okyh xyfr;ksa ds dkj.k ikuh esa Mwc tk,xkA mDr dFku ij vius fopkj

26
 Li"V djsaA
What is Global Warming? What is the India's contribution in the efforts to reduce the effects of global warming in the near
future? The whole world will be submerged in water due to the mistakes made by humans. Clarify the idea.
(BPSC, 63rd)
8. Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k lqj{kk ,oa fLFkjrk ds eksckby ,si ^gfjr Hkkjr ladYi* ds ckjs esa foospuk dhft,A
Discuss about 'Green India Sankalp', a mobile app for environmental protection and sustainability in India.
(BPSC, 66th)
9. ^izkS|ksfxdh ,d ojnku ls vf/d vfHk'kki gSA* i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k ds lanHkZ esa bl dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
"Technology being more of a curse than a blessing." Justify the statement in context to the environmental pollution.

(BPSC, 67th)

tSo izkS|ksfxdh (Biotechnology)

1. tSo rduhdh dk D;k vFkZ gS\ Ñf"k rFkk i;kZoj.k ds {ks=k esa bldh mikns;rk dh foospuk djsaA
What is the meaning of biotechnology? Discuss its utility in the field of agriculture and environmental.
(BPSC, 41st)
2. tSo izkS|ksfxdh D;k gS\ ekuo LokLF; lq/kjus esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dks fdl izdkj iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS\
What is Biotechnology, which technology can be used to improve human health?
(BPSC, 43rd)

3. tSo&vfHk;af=kdh dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A tSo jksxksa ds funku esa bldk dgka rd mi;skx fd;k tk ldrk gS?
Define bio-engineering? To what extent it can be used in the diagnosis of biological diseases?
4. Ñf"k dh liQyrk esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh egRo dh foospuk dhft,A vius mÙkj ds dqN mnkgj.kksa dh lgk;rk ls le>kb,A
Discuss the importance of biotechnology in the success of agriculture. Explain your answer with the help of some
examples. (BPSC, 48-52th)
5. Ñf"k fofo/rk ,oa tSfod Ñf"k Hkkjr esa [kk| laj{k.k ds vPNs fodYi gSaA fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa bldh vkykspuk dh foospuk
dhft,A
Agriculture diversity and organic agriculture are good options for food presevation in India. Discuss its criticism with
special reference to Bihar. (BPSC, 53-55th)

varfj{k dk;ZØe (Space Prgramme)

1. Hkkjr esas gks jgs varfj{k vuqla/ku dk fooj.k nhft,A ;s vuqla/ku ns'k dh izxfr esa fdl izdkj lgk;d fl¼ gq,\
Give details of the space research being done in India, how this research proved helpful in the progress of the country.
(BPSC, 48-52th)
2. Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/ku laxBu dh miyfC/;ksa dks vki fdl rjg ns[krs gSa\ muds vxys jksekapd y{; D;k gS\
How do you see the achievements of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)? What are their next exciting goals?
(BPSC, 60-62th)
3. mixzg dks varfj{k esa LFkkfir djus ds {ks=k esa Hkkjr esa D;k izxfr dh gS\ ,d ls vf/d mixzgksa dks ,d lkFk varfj{k esa Hksts tkus
ds ldjkRed ,oa udkjkRed i{k dks Li"V djsaA Hkkjr ds bl {ks=k esa izos'k djus ls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks etcwr djus esa fdl
izdkj lgk;rk feyh gS\
What progress has been made in India in the field of setting up satellites in space? Explain the positive and negative side
of sending more than one satellite in space simultaneously to strengthen the country's economy. How did it get help?
(BPSC, 63rd)
4. tSo bZa/u ds }kjk lapkfyr fo'o esa izFke O;kikfjd jkWdsV LVkjMLV 1-0 dks fdl laxBu }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA foLrkj iwoZd
o.kZu dhft,A
27
 Describe in details by which organization the world's first commerical rocket powered by biofuel Stardust 1.0 was
launched.
(BPSC, 66th)
5. orZeku esa fo'o ds vusd jk"Vªksa ds oSKkfudksa dk ,d izeq[k è;s; nwljs xzgksa ij thou dh [kkst gSA Hkkjr ds }kjk varfj{k 'kks/ ds
fodkl dh foospuk] fo'ks"k :i ls 21oha lnh esa] bl è;s; dh iwfrZ ds fy, dhft,A
At present, one of the main goals of scientists of many countries of the world is the search for life on other planets. Discuss
the devlopment of space research by India, especially in the 21st century, to fulfill this goal.
(BPSC, 66th)

dEI;wVj foKku ,oa lwpuk rduhdh@j{kk izkS|ksfxdh (Computer Science & Information Technology / Defence
Technology)

1. Hkkjr esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ds fy, mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds fodkl dh foospuk dhft,A Lora=krk ds ckn izR;sd n'kkCnh esa
Hkkjr ljdkj ds foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh uhfr dh leh{kk dhft,A
Discuss the development of higher education institutions for science and technology in India. Review the science and
technology policy of the Government of India in each decade after independence.
(BPSC, 47th)
2. lkWÝVos;j ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa lkWÝVos;j m|ksx jh<+ dh gM~Mh ds leku gS le>kb,A dEI;wVj dh
Hkk"kkvksa ds fodkl ij viuk er Li"V djsa rFkk le>k,a fd gekjs ns'k dk bl {ks=k esa D;k ;ksxnku gS\
What do you understand by software? Software industry is like the backbone in the economic development of the country,
explain your opinion on the development of computer languages and explain. What is the contribution of our country in
this field? (BPSC, 63rd)
3. bZ&'kklu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ bZ&'kklu dks ykxw djus esa fcgkj dh fLFkfr dk o.kZu dhft,A
What do you understand by e-governance? Describe the position of Bihar in the implementation of e-governance.
(BPSC, 65th)
4. esd bu bafM;k dk;ZØe ds varxZr Hkkjr us vius lqj{kk fudk; esa lqj{kk vk;q/ksa ,oa midj.kksa dks jk"Vª dh lqj{kk ds fy, lekfgr
dj mlesa o`f¼ dh gSA bl dFku dh iqf"V lqj{kk vfHk;kaf=kd esa oSKkfud fodkl ds vk/kj ij dhft,A
Under the Make in India program, India has increased the security armaments and equipment in its security body for the
security of the nation and confirm this statement on the basis of scientific development in security engineering.
(BPSC, 66th)

foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dk vuqiz;ksx (Application of Science and Technology)

1. HkwxHkhZ; ty Lrj fxjrk tk jgk gSA tyLrj c<+kus ds cy, oSKkfud mik; le>k,¡A
The ground water level is falling, explain scientific measures to increase the water level. (BPSC, 43rd)
2. vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr vyo.k ty lalk/uksa ls laiUUk gS lekykspuk iwoZd ijh{k.k dhft, fd D;k dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr blds
cktown tykHkko ls xzflr gSA oSKkfud izca/u rFkk rduhdh dk bl leL;k ds funku esa D;k ;ksxnku gks ldrk gSA O;k[;k dhft,A
India is endowed with fresh water resources as compared to other countries. Examine critically wheather it is the reason
that India is still suffering from water scarcity in spite of what can be the contribution of scientific management and
technology in solving this problem. (BPSC, 56-59th)
3. Hkkjr esa eksnh ljdkj ds lEeq[k mifLFkr pqukSfr;ksa esa ls izeq[k gS] ^^xaxk unh dh liQkbZ] ?kVrs gq, izkÑfrd lalk/u rFkk ?kVrh tk
jgh Ñf"k Hkwfe vkSj LokLF; ds c<+rs gq, [krjs**] bu leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, oSKkfud iz;klksa dh foospuk dhft;s] ftUgsa vki
ykxw djuk pkgsaxsA
Cleanliness of river Ganga, depleting natural resources and depleting agricultural land and increasing health hazards
are among the major challenges before the Modi government in India. Discuss the scientific efforts to deal with these
problem, which are you would like to apply. (BPSC, 56-59th)
4. orZeku ifjn`'; esa ns'k ds izeq[k eqís gSa c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k mPp LokLF; tksf[ke ?kVrs gq, izkÑfrd lalk/u vkSj ?kVrh tk jghA Ñf"k
Hkwfe mu pkjksa {ks=kksa ess ls izR;sd ds fy, de ls de 4 oSKkfud iz;klksa dh ppkZ dhft, ftUgsa vki ykxw djuk pkgsaxsA

28
 The major issues of the country in the present scenario are increasing population, high health risks, decreasing natural
resources and decreasing agricultural land. Discuss at least 4 scientific efforts for each of the four areas that you would
like to implement. (BPSC, 65th)
5. Hkkjr esa ufn;ksa dk 'kq¼ ty gksus ds ckn Hkh dbZ ,sls {ks=k gSa tks tykiwfrZ vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls is;ty dh deh ls tw> jgs gSa bl
leL;k ds lek/ku gsrq ty izca/u esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk dh lksnkgj.k foospu dhft,A
Even after having a pure network of rivers in India, there are many such areas which are facing shortage of water supply
and especially drinking water. Discuss the role of science and technology in water management with exples to solve this
problem. (BPSC, 64th)
6. fo|qr [kir dh c<+rh ekax ,oa yxkrkj ?kVrs izkjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa ds dkj.k ns'k orZeku esa fo|qr ÅtkZ dh deh ls tw> jgk gSA bl
fodV ÅtkZ [kir ekax dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy, orZeku esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh }kjk iznÙk ekè;eksa dk foLrkj ls o.kZu dhft,A
Due to the increasing demand for electricity consumption and the everdecreasing conventional energy source, the country
is currently facing a shortage of electric energy, to control this acute energy consumption demand, presently describe in
detail the means provided by science and technology. (BPSC, 64th)

7. orZeku ljdkj fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa LekVZ 'kgj fodflr djus ds fy, iz;kkljr gSaA LekVZ 'kgjksa ds ckjs esa vkidh D;k ifjorZu vk, gSaA
vkn'kZ LekVZ 'kgj ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Present Governmetn is striving to develop Smart Cities in different States. What are your changes regarding Smart Cities.
Explain the role of Schience and Technology int he development of Model Cities. (BPSC, 64th)
8. tula[;k esa cgqeq[kh vk;kstu ds iQyLo:i vlaxr dpjk mRiUUk gqvk gSA fofHkUUk izdkj ds dpjs dh foospuk dhft,A bl leL;k
dks ns'k fdl izdkj foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dh lgk;rk ls nwj dj ldrk gS fOkLrkj ls o.kZu dhft,A
As a result of multifacedted planning in the population, inconsistent waste has been generated. Discuss different types of
waste, how the country can overcome this problem with the help of science and technology, describe in detail.
(BPSC, 64th)
9. Hkkjr esa esd bu bafM;k eksnh ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k ,d izdkj dk Lons'kh vkanksyu gS bl vkanksyu dks xfr nsus ds fy, foKku
,oa izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk dh lksnkgj.k foLrkj ls foospuk dhft,A
Make in India is a type of indigenour movement started bythe Modi government in India. Discuss in detail the role of
science and technology to give impetus to this movement. (BPSC, 65th)
10. fcgkj yxkrkj ck<+ vkSj lw[ks dh izkÑfrd vkinkvksa dk lkeuk djrk jgk gSA bu vkinkvksa ds iwokZuqeku rFkk izca/u esa foKku rFkk
izkS|ksfxdh dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gA vius dks izk;ksfxd mnkgj.k }kjk le>kb,A
Bihar has been constantly facing natural calamities of floods and droughts, what can be the role of science and technology
in the forecasting and management of these disasters, explain yourself with an experimental example.
(BPSC, 65th)
11. dksfoM&19 dh fLFkfr ds dkj.k mRiUUk gqbZ ukSdfj;ksa ij ladV dh fLFkfr dks fu;af=kr djus rFkk jk"Vª ds fodkl dh xfr dks cuk,
j[kus ds fy, foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA bl ij foLrkj ls ppkZ dhft,A
Discuss in detail the role that science and technology can play to control the situation of crisis on jobs created due to the
situation of COVID-19 and to maintain the pace of development of the nation. (BPSC, 65th)
12. Hkkjro"kZ nqfu;k dk dksfoM&19 egkekjh ls lcls vf/d izHkkfor nwljk jk"Vª gSA bl tkuysok ok;jl ds mUewyu ds fy, dsoy
lkekftd nwjh ,oa ekLd ds iz;ksx ds lkFk&lkFk ,d rst Vhdkdj.k izfØ;k vko';d gSA iz/kuea=kh }kjk izfrikfnr esd bu bafM;k
vo/kj.kk dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, gekjs jk"Vª }kjk dksfoM&19 mUewyu ds fy, mBkbZ xbZ xfrfof/;ksa dk foLrkj ls o.kZu dhft,A
India is the second most affected nation by the Covid-19 epidemic in the World, for the eradication of this dadly virus,
only social distance and the use of masks as well as a fast vaccination process are necessary, keeping in view the make in
India concept propounded by the Prime Minster. Describe in detail the activities taken by our nation for the eradication of
Covid-19. (BPSC, 66th)
13. foxr dbZ o"kZ ls ck<+ ,oa lw[ks dh fLFkfr us fcgkj jkT; ds mUu;u ,oa le`f¼ dks yxkrkj izHkkfor fd;k gSA bl izdkj ds nq?kZVuk
izca/u esa foKku ,oa vfHk;kaf=kd dh Hkwfedk dh fof'k"V mngkj.k ds lkFk foospuk dhft,A
29
 For the past several year, flood and drought conditions have continuously affected the progress and prosperity of the state
of Bihar. Discuss with specific examples the role of science and engineering in this type of accident examples the role of
science and engineering in this type of accident management. (BPSC, 66th)
14. fdlh Hkh jk"Vª ds thou dh xq.koÙkk vkSj LokLF; dk lh/k laca/ Hkkstu vkSj vkgkj laca/h lqj{kk ls gksrk gSA Hkkjr us mRiknu]
mRikndrk] [kk|kUu dh miyC/rk] ckxokuh mRikn vkfn ds ekeysa esa mYys[kuh; miyfC/;k¡ gkfly dh gSA
mi;qZDr ifjizs{; esa fcgkj ds Ñf"k fodkl esa izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk ij ppkZ dhft,A
Quality of life and health of any nation is directly linked to food and dietetic security. India has made appreciable
achievements in terms of production, productivity, availability of food grains, horticultural produce, etc.
In view of the above perspective, discuss the role of technology in agricultural development of Bihar.
(BPSC, 67th)
15. fcgkj ,d ck<+&izHkkfor jkT; gSA vk/qfud&izkS|ksfxdh ck<+ dks fu;af=kr djus vkSj bl rjg vkink izca/u esa dSls enn dj ldrh
gSA mi;qDr mnkgj.k lfgr Li"Vhdj.k nhft,A
Bihar is a flood-prone State. How can the modern technology help to control floods and manage this kind of disaster? Give
you explanations with suitable example. (BPSC, 67th)
16. ^uSuksVsDuksykWth esa yksxksa ds thou dks csgrj cukus dh fo'kky {kerk gSA* mi;qDr mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
"Nanotechnology has a huge potential to transform people's lives for the better." Justify the statement with appropriate
examples. (BPSC, 67th)

30
 General Studies- I

Section- I @ [k.M&I

1. Write short notes on the following:

fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k fyf[k,%
(a) Government of India Act, 1858
Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e] 1858
(b) Birsa Munda Movement
fcjlk eqaMk vkUnksyu
(c) Indigo Revolt
bafMxks@uhy foæksg
(d) Patna Kalam Painting
iVuk dye fp=kdyk
(e) Development of Caves of Eastern India in Ancient Time
izkphu dky esa iwohZ Hkkjr esa xqgkvksa dk fodkl

2.
(a) Discuss the factors for the emergence of Indian National Movement. How it gave direction to the freedom struggle?
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds mn; ds dkjdksa dh ppkZ dhft,A blus Lora=krk laxzke dks fdl izdkj fn'kk nh\

Or @ vFkok

(b) Discuss the growth of colonial technical education in Bihar under various schemes of British rule. Critically analyse
its impact.
fczfV'k 'kklu dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr fcgkj esa vkSifuosf'kd rduhdh f'k{kk ds fodkl dh ppkZ dhft,A blds izHkko
dk vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
3.
(a) Analyse the development of temples in North India in ancient time.
izkphu dky esa mÙkj Hkkjr esa gq, eafnjksa ds fodkl dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A

Or@vFkok

(b) Describe Rebindranath Tagore's ideas of society and culture.

lekt vkSj laLÑfr ij johUæukFk VSxksj ds fopkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

31
 Section - II @ [k.M&II
4. Write short notes on the following:
fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k,&
(a) Where was the 18th National Scuts and Guides Jamboree organized? Describe its objectives.
18oha jk"Vªh; LdkmV~l ,oa xkbM~l tEcwjh dk vk;kstu dgk¡ fd;k x;k Fkk\ blds mís';ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
(b) Explain the mandate of United nations Public Administration Network in managing the peace and strong institution
under Substainble Development Goal-16.
jk"Vª la?k yksd iz'kklu usVodZ ds 'kkfUr o lqn`<+ laLFkkvksa ds izcU/u ds lrr fodkl mís';&16 ds 'kklukns'k dk mYYks[k
dhft,A
(c) Discuss the right-based e-serve delivery scenario of Bihar.
fcgkj ds vf/dkj&vk/kfjr bZ&lsok iznk;xh ifjn`'; dk o.kZu dhft,A
(d) Discribe the efforts made in the field of solar power generation in the State of Bihar.
fcgkj jkT; vkSj lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu ds {ks=k esa fd, x, iz;klksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
(e) Critically examine the features of self-reliance Bihar Saat Nischay-2 (2020-2025) prgramme f good governance.
vkRefuHkZj fcgkj ds lkr fu'p;&2 (2020-2025) lq'kklu dk;ZØe dh fo'ksrkvksa dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A

5.
(a) What are draft regulations annunced recently by the University Grants Commission to open the door for foreign
universities to set up campuses in India? What prospects do you visulaize about their impact on higher education in
India? Do you think it will be a game-changer? Give arguments in support of your answer.
Hkkjr esa fons'kh fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks dSail LFkkfir djus ds fy, njoktk [kksyus ds fy, fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk gky
gh esa ?kksf"kr elkSnk fu;e D;k gS\ vki Hkkjr esa mPPk f'k{kk ij muds izHkko ds ckjs esa dSlh laHkkoukvksa dh dYiuk djrs gSaA
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ;g [ksy&ifjorZd gksxk\ vius mÙkj ds leFkZu esa rdZ nhft,A

Or @ vFkok
(b) In the wake of its criticism by the Vice_president of India recently, critically examine the doctrine of basic structure
given by the Supreme Court of India half a century ago. Do you think this debate will prove to be a point of clash
between the executive and the judiciary in near future? Give arguments.
vk/h lnh igys Hkkjr esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, cqfu;knh <kaps ds fl¼kar ds ckj esa gky gh esa Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr
}kjk vkykspuk dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A D;k vki le>rs gSa fd ;g cgl dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk ds chp
fudV Hkfo"; esa Vdjko dk eqík lkfcr gksxkA rdZ nhft,A
6.
(a) Do you think India must reclaim the leadership of the developing world through it ambition to steer the G-20 summit
in Delhi to success later this year, despite India's own enduring developmental challenges? D you think India faces
the real difficulty of uniting the Global South in pursuit of common goals? Write your answer with convincing
arguments.
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd bl lky ds var esa fnYyh esa gksus okys th&20 f'k[kj lEesyu dh viuh LFkk;h fodklkRed pquSfr;ksa
ds ckotwn Hkkjr dks viuh egRokdka{kk ds ekè;e ls liQy cukus ds fodkl'khy nqfu;k ds usr`Ro dks iqu% izkIr djuk pkfg,\
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd Hkkjr dks nf{k.k fo'o dks vke y{;ksa dh [kkst esa ,dtqV djus esa okLrfod dfBukbZ dk lkeuk
djuk iM+ jgk gS\ viuk mÙkj Bksl rdkZa ds lkFk fyf[k,A

32
 Section-III@[k.M&III
7. Study the following table carefully and answer the questions given below this table:

Highest and Average marks obtained by Students in five subjects

during 2012-2017. the maximum marks in each subject are 100.

Year Subject
English Hindi Mathematics Science History
Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average
(H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A)
2012 85 65 80 60 75 60 76 50 80 50
2013 80 60 75 63 75 55 55 35 85 70
2014 83 62 80 60 75 50 50 30 82 60
2015 70 55 75 50 85 65 85 55 80 60
2016 72 50 70 50 80 55 90 60 90 65
207 75 60 80 60 85 70 70 40 70 55

fuEufyf[kr lkfj.kh dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;uiwoZd dhft, ,oa lkfj.kh ds uhps fn, x;s iz'uksa dk mÙkj nhft,%
ik¡p fo"k;ksa esa Nk=kksa }kjk 2012 ls 2017 ds nkSjku izkIr mPpre vkSj vkSlr vadA
izR;sd fo"k; esa lokZf/d vad 100 gSaA
Year Subject
English Hindi Mathematics Science History
Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average Highest Average
(H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A) (H) (A)
2012 85 65 80 60 75 60 76 50 80 50
2013 80 60 75 63 75 55 55 35 85 70
2014 83 62 80 60 75 50 50 30 82 60
2015 70 55 75 50 85 65 85 55 80 60
2016 72 50 70 50 80 55 90 60 90 65
207 75 60 80 60 85 70 70 40 70 55

a) What is the combined average marks of all the five subjects in 2015.
lHkh fo"k;ksa dk 2015 esa la;qDr vkSlr vad D;k gS\
b) What is the percentage increase in average marks of English from 2015 to 2017.
2015 ls 2017 esa vaxzsth ds vkSlr vadksa esa fdrus izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gS\
(c) During which year the difference between the highest marks and highest average marks in Maths was maximum?
fdl o"kZ esa xf.kr esa mPpre vad ,oa mPpre vkSlr vad dk vUrj lokZf/d jgk\
(d) What is the percentage of highest marks in Hindi in 2013 with respect to average marks of Math in 2016?
2013 esa fgUnh esa mPpre vad dk izfr'kr] 2016 esa xf.kr ds vkSlr vad dk fdruk izfr'kr gS\
(e) If 50 students took the examination in 2013 in Maths, what were their total marks?
;fn 2013 esa 50 fo|kfFkZ;ksa us xf.kr esa ijh{kk nh] rks muds vadksa dk dqy ;ksx fdruk Fkk\
(f) In between which two years, the difference of highest marks in Science was maximum?
fdu nks o"kkZsa ds chp foKku esa mPPkre vadksa dk vUrj lokZf/d jgk\

33
 Or@ vFkok
Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions given below:
Profit percent of companies ABC and DEF during the year 2001-2006

ABC DEF

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

fuEu xzkiQ dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u dhft, vkSj uhps fn, x, iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,%
o"kZ 2001&2006 dh vof/ ds nkSjku dafiu;ksa ABC vkSj DEF }kjk vftZr izfr'kr ykHk

(a) Let the income in 2005 of companies ABC and DEF was in the ratio 3 : 4. What was the ratio of expenditures of
companies ABC and DEF in 2005?
ekuk fd 2005 esa nks daifu;ksa ABC vkSj DEF dh vk; Øe'k% 3 : 4 ds vuqikr esa FkhA 2005 esa muds (daiuh ABC vkSj
DEF ds ) O;; dk lacaf/r vuqikr D;k Fkk\
(b) If expenditure of company DEF in 2002 was Rs. 190 cr., what was its income in the year 2002?
vxj 2002 esa daiuh DEF [kpZ :- 190 djksM+ Fkk] bldh vk; 2002 esa D;k Fkh\
(c) If expenditure of company ABC and DEF were equal in 2001 and total incoem of both the companies in 2001 was
Rs. 825 cr., then what was the total proift of both the companies in 2001?
vxj 2001 esa daiuh ABC vkSj DEF ds O;; leku Fks vkSj 2001 esa nksuksa daifu;ksa dh dqy vk; :- 825 djksM+ Fkh] 2001
esa nksuksa daifu;ksa dk dqy ykHk D;k Fkk\
(d) Income of company ABC in 2004 was Rs. 750 cr. What was the expenditure in 2004?
o"kZ 2004 esa daiuh ABC dh vk; :- 750 djksM+ FkhA bldk [kpZ o"kZ 2004 esa D;k Fkk\
(e) If income of both companies was equal in 2003, find the ratio of expenditures of company ABC and DEF in 2003.
;fn 2003 esa nksuksa daifu;ksa dh vk; cjkcj Fkh] rks 2003 esa diauh ABC ds O;; dk daiuh DEF ds O;; ls vuqikr D;k
Fkk\

34
8. The Bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand numbers) from fix branches of a publishing company
during two consecutive year 2000 and 2001.
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from six Branches- B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6 of a publishing company in 2000 and
2001 are following:

uhps fn;k x;k ckj xzkiQ yxkrkj nks o"kkZa 2000 vkSj 2001 ds nkSjku ,d izdk'ku daiuh dh Ng 'kk[kkvksa ls iqLrdksa dh fcØh
(gtkj la[;k esa) n'kkZrk gSA
2000 vkSj 2001 esa ,d izdk'ku daiuh dh Ng 'kk[kkvksa& B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 vkSj B6 ls iqLrdksa dh fcØh (gtkj la[;k esa)
fuEufyf[kr gS&
(a) What is the ratio of the total sales of Branch B for both years to the total sales of branch B4 for both years?
nksuksa o"kkZsa ds fy, 'kk[kk B2 dh dqy fcØh dk nksuksa o"kkZsa ds fy, 'kk[kk B4 dh dqy fcØh ls vuqikr D;k gS\
(b) Total sales of Branch B6 for both years are what precent of the total sales of Branch B3 for both the year?
nksuksa o"kkZsa ds fy, 'kk[kk B3 dh dqy fcØh dk fdruk izfr'kr gS\
(c) What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 in the average sales of branches B1, B3, B6 in
2000?

35
 General Studies- II

Section- I @ [k.M&I

1. Write short notes on the following:

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds y?kq mÙkj fyf[k,%
(a) Analyse critically the dynamic securlarism in India.
Hkkjr esa xR;kRed /eZ&fjuis{krk dks vkykspukRed n`f"V ls fo'ysf"kr dhft,A 8
(b) Regional politics plays its role in India. Explain.
Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfr viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA O;k[;k dhft,A 8
(c) The positive direction in the constitution of India are as a charter of social and economic democracy in the country.
Explain with examples.
Hkkjr ds lafo/ku esa ldkjkRed funZs'k ns'k esa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd yksdra=k ds ,d pkVZj ds :i esa gSA mnkgj.k lfgr
O;k[;k dhft,A 8
(d) Explain the judicial review juridication of the Supreme Court of India.
Hkkjr ds lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d iqujkoyksdu {ks=kkf/dkj dks Li"V dhft,A 7
(e) Bihar has witnessed improvement in its political culture in last decades. Give examples.
fcgkj us fiNys n'kdksa esa vius jkthfrd laLÑfr esa lq/kj ns[kk gSA mnkgj.k nhft,A 7
2.
(a) "Paramountcy of National Interest is enshrined in the Zonal Councils in the country." Examine critically, the nature
and working of the Zonal Councils in India, in the light of the above statement. 19+19= 38
^{ks=kh; ifj"knksa ds varxZr ns'k esa] jk"Vªh; fgr dh lokZsifjrk izfr"Bkfir gSA* Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; ifj"knksa dh izÑfr ,oa dk;Z'kSyh
dk mi;qZDr dFku ds ifjizs{; esa] vkykspukRed n`f"V ls ijh{k.k dhft,A

Or @ vFkok

(b) Discuss the growth of colonial technical education in Bihar under various schemes of British rule. Critically analyse
its impact. 38
fczfV'k 'kklu dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr fcgkj esa vkSifuosf'kd rduhdh f'k{kk ds fodkl dh ppkZ dhft,A blds izHkko
dk vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
3.
(a)
Election Commission of India has played an important rle in counducting the elections. Critically examine its role
in making the elections free and fair over the decades. Compliment your answer with reference to the conduct of
election in pre-Sheshan and post-Sheshan era in Bihar. How does it contribute to the strengthening of the democracy?
38
Hkkjr ds pquko vk;ksx u pquko djkus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA n'kdksa ls pqukoksa dks Lora=k vkSj fu"i{k cukus esa bldh
Hkwfedk dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A fcgkj esa 'ks"ku iwoZ vkSj 'ks"ku ;qx ds ckn pqukoksa ds lapkyu ds lanHkZ esa vius
mÙkj ds dkj.k nhft,A ;g yksdra=k vkSj etcwr djus esa dSls ;ksxnku nsrk gS\

Or @ vFkok

36
 (b) Discuss the composition and powers of the Rajya Sabha and identify its role as the Second Chamber of the Parliament.
38
jkT; lHkk dh lapuk ,oa 'kfDr;ksa dk foospu dhft, rFkk laln ds f}rh; lnu ds :i esa bldh Hkwfedk dk mYys[k dhft,A

Section - II @ [k.M&II
4. Write short answer of the following questions:
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds y?kq mÙkj fyf[k,&
(a) National Logistics Policy, 2022 along with PM Gati Shakti Plan would revolutions logistics efficienty in India."
Edlucidate. 8
^jk"Vªh; ykWftfLVDl uhfr] 2022 iz/kuea=kh xfr 'kfDr ;kstuk ds lkFk Hkkjr esa ykWftfLVDl n{krk esa Økafrdkjh cnyko yk,xhA*
Li"V dhft,A
(b) Explain how Atal innovation Mission (AIM) is promoting innvovation and entrepreneurship across India. Discuss
briefly various initiatives of Atal Innovation Mission like 'Mentor India', 'Atal incubation Centres' and 'Atal New
India Challenge.' 8
vVy buksos'ku fe'ku fdl izdkj iwjs Hkkjr esa uokpkj vkSj m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok ns jgk gS] O;k[;k dhft,A ^esaVj bafM;k*]
^vVy bu~D;cs'ku lsaVlZ* vkSj ^vVYk U;w bafM;k pSysat* tSls vVy buksos'ku fe'ku dh fofHkUu igyksa ij la{ksi esa ppkZ dhft,A
(c)
Discuss the level of urbanization in Bihar. Explain at lreast two reasons for the low level of uranization in the State.
What are the recent initatives taken by Bihar Government to push urbanization in the State?
8
fcgkj esa uxjhdj.k ds Lrj ij ppkZ dhft,A jkT; esa uxjhdj.k ds fuEu Lrj ls lacaf/r de&de&de nks dkj.kksa dh O;k[;k
dhft,A jkT; esa uxjhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fcgkj de&ls&de nks dkj.kksa O;k[;k dhft,A jkT; esa uxjhdj.k dks c<+kok
nsus ds fy, fcgkj ljdkj }kjk gky gh esa dne mBk, x, gSaA
(d) What is Indian ocean Dipole Movement? Explain how it was related to the erraticity of monsoons during the year
2022 in India. What was the effect of this erraticity on the food production and economy in India? 7
fgUn egklkxj f}/zqoh; xfr D;k gS] bldk o"kZ 2022 esa Hkkjr esa ekWulwu dh vfu;ferrk ls D;k laca/ Fkk] O;k[;k dhft,A
bl vfu;ferrk dk Hkkjr esa [kk| mRiknu vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ij D;k izHkko iM+k\
(e) Discuss the incidence and effect of Rural-urban digital divide in India. Examine the step taken by the governemtn
to reduce it. 7
Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k&'kgjh fMftVy foHkktu dh O;kidrk vkSj izHkkoksa ij ppkZ dhft,A bls de djus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk mBk,
x, dneksa dk ijh{k.k dhft,A

5.
(a) Examine India's global trade engagements in 2022. What are the various initiatives taken by India to enhance trade?
Suggest some ways to increase India's global trade engagements in future. 38
2022 esa Hkkjr ds oSf'od O;kikj laca/ksa dh tkap dhft,A O;kikj c<+kusa ds fy, Hkkjr }kjk dh xbZ fofHkUu igysa D;k gSa\
Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr esa oSf'od O;kikj laca/ksa dks c<+kusa ds dqN mik; lq>kb,A

Or @ vFkok
(b)
According to the report released by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in February 2022, the Bihar
Service area has tele-density of 53.71% as against all-India average of 85.91% at the end of December, 2021. Indicate
the reasons for this situation. What is its impact? Examine the steps that can be taken to improve the situation.
38

37
 iQjojh 2022 esa Hkkjrh; nwjlapkj fofu;ked izkf/dj.k (VªkbZ) }kjk tkjh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] fnlacj 2021 ds var esa vf[ky
Hkkjrh; vkSlr 85-91% ds eqdkcys fcgkj lsok {ks=k esa 53-71% Vsyh&?kuRo gSA bl fLFkfr ds dkj.kksa dks bafxr dhft,A bldk
D;k izHkko gS\ fLFkfr esa lq/kj ds fy, mBk, tk ldus okys dneksa dh tkap dhft,A
6.
(a) "Blue economy is identified as one of the ten core dimensions for national growth." In the light of the above statement,
discuss its significance for the economy and list the steps taken by India to promote the blue economy. Are they
Sufficient? 38
^uhyh vFkZO;oLFkk dh igpku] jk"Vªh; fodkl ds nl eq[; vk;keksa esa ls ,d ds :i esa dh tkrh gSA* mi;qZDr dFku ds
vkyksd esa] vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, blds egRo ij ppkZ dhft, vkSj uhyh vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkkjr }kjk mBk,
x, dneksa dneksa dh lwph cukb,A D;k os i;kZIr gS\

Or @ vFkok
(b)
On the basis of raw materials, duvide Bihar into forest-based industries, agr-based industries and mineral-based
industries. Substantiate your answer with neat sketches depicting the location of those industries.
38
dPps eky ds vk/kj ij] fcgkj dks ou&vk/kfjr m|ksxksa] Ñf"k&vk/kfjr m|ksxksa vkSj [kfut&vk/kfjr m|ksxksa esa foHkkftr
dhft,A mu m|ksxksa dh vofLFkfr dks n'kkZus okys LoPN js[kkfp=kksa }kjk vius mÙkj dh iqf"V dhft,A

Section - III @ [k.M&III

7. Write short answer of the following questions:
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds y?kq mÙkj fyf[k,&
(a) What do you understand by Indigenization of Technology in India context? 8
Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; esa ^rduhd (izkS|ksfxdh) dk Lons'khdj.k* ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
(b) Explain why it is necessary for India to expand its nuclear energy program to meet the growing energy needs. Also
write the precautions needed in nuclear program. 7
O;k[;k dhft, fd c<+rh ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkkjr ds fy, vius ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe dk foLrkj
djuk D;ksa vko';d gSA ijek.kq dk;ZØe esa vko';d lko/kfu;k¡ Hkh fyf[k,A
(c) Write the difference between internet and intranet. Explain how internet and intranet has changed the life of human
beings. 7
baVjusV vkSj baVªkusV esa varj fyf[k,A O;k[;k dhft, fd fdl izdkj baVjusV vkSj baVªkusV us euq";ksa ds thou dks cny fn;k gSA
(d) Write a note on Technology-driven modernization of Bihar. 7
izkS|ksfxdh&vk/kfjr fcgkj ds vk/qfudhdj.k ij ,d uksV fyf[k,A
(e) Discuss the rle f nanotechnology in health sector. Mention with example how it is used fr treatment f various diseases.
7
LokLF; {ks=k esa uSuks&izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk ij ppkZ dhft,A fofHkUu jksxksa ds mipkj esa bldk mi;ksx fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk
gS] mngkj.k lfgr mYys[k dhft,A
8.
(a) Along with the advancements in the field of computer and communication technlogy, India has faced severe data
threat bth in public and government domain. Discuss various areas of cyber threat and the measures taken by Central
Government in each of them with the help of existing technology. 36
lax.kd ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa izxfr ds lkFk] vke tuthou ,oa ljdkjh ra=k ds ifj{ks=kksa esa Hkkjr MkVk&pksjh ds xaHkhj
ladV ls tw> jgk gSA MkVk&pksjh (lkbcj FkszV) ds mu fofHkUu {ks=kksa dh foospuk dhft, ,oa bu lHkh {ks=kksa esa dsUæ ljdkj}
kjk bls jksdus ds iz;klksa dk o.kZu miyC/ rduhdh lalk/u dh lgk;rk ls dhft,A

38
 Or @ vFkok
(b) With the mission of providing potable water to every household on one hand and water scarcity n the face f growing
population on the other, throw light on the role being played by the Indian Gvernment for water conservation. Also
discuss the scientific and technological development which have been used by the State of Bihar in fulfilling the
objectives of the Central Government. 36
,d rjiQ izR;sd ifjokj dks ihus&;ksX; ty dh miyC/rk dk mís'; ,oa nwljh rjiQ c<+rh vkcknh ds dkj.k ty dh deh
dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] ty laj{k.k esa Hkkjr ljdkj dh Hkwfedk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A lkFk gh dsUæh; ljdkj ds mís';ksa dh iwfrZ
gsrq fcgkj jkT; }kjk viuk;s x;s oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh fodkl dh foospuk dhft,A

39
 68th BPSC Mains Exam
(NEW PATTERN)
Exam Held on: 18/05/2023
Essay

Time: 3 Hours Full Marks : 300

Section- I
[k.M&I

Write an essay on any one of the following topics in about 700 to 800 words:
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij yxHkx 700 ls 800 'kCnksa esa ,d fuca/ fyf[k,% 100

1. Forest creates its own trees. It does not wait for the people to throw seeds.
taxy vius isM+ Lo;a rS;kj djrk gSA ;g yksxksa ds taxy esa vkdj cht iQsadus dk bartkj ugha djrk gSA
2. Literature is not only a source of knowledge, but also a form of moral and social activity.
lkfgR; Kku dk dsoy ,d lzksr gh ugha gS] lkFk ;g uSfrd vkSj lkekftd fØ;k dk Hkh ,d :i gSA
3. Perform your obligatory duty because action is indeed better than inaction.
vius vfuok;Z dÙkZO; dk ikyu djsa D;ksafd deZ] fuf"Ø;rk ls vo'; gh mÙke gSA
4. Good art should illuminate our experience or reveal truths.
mRÑ"V dyk gekjs vuqHko dks izdkf'kr djrh gS ;k lR; dks mn~?kkfVr djrh gSA

Section- II
[k.M&II

Write an essay on any one of the following topics in about 700 to 800 words:
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij yxHkx 700 ls 800 'kCnksa esa ,d fuca/ fyf[k,% 100
5. We are not makers of history, we are made by history.
ge bfrgkl&fuekZrk ugha gSa] cfYd ge bfrgkl }kjk fufeZr gSaA
6. Internet has turned our world into global village.
baVjusV us gekjs lalkj dks fo'oxkao esa cny fn;k gSA
7. Thought is the base of life.
fopkj thou dk vk/kj gSA
8. Education seeking change after Covid.
dksfoM ds ckn cnyko ekaxrh f'k{kkA

40
 Section- III
[k.M&III

Write an essay on any one of the following topics in about 700 to 800 words:
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij yxHkx 700 ls 800 'kCnksa esa ,d fuca/ fyf[k,% 100
9. Dharma ke bina vigyan nangar chhai, vigyan ke bina dharma aanhar chhai.
/eZ ds fcuk foKku UkkM~-xj NS] foKku ds fcuk /eZ vkUgj NSA
10. Paani mein machharia, nau-nau kutia bakharaa.
ikuh esa eNfj;k] ukS&ukS dqfV;k c[kjkA
11. Agila khetee aage-aage, pachhila khetee bhage jage.
vfxyk [ksrh vkxs&vkxs] ifNyk [ksrh Hkkxs tkxsA
12. Moos motaihen, lodha hoihen,
na hathi, na ghora hoihen.
ewl eksVbgsa] yks<+k gksbgsa]
uk gkFkh] uk ?kksM+k gksbgsaA

41