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Microbiology: An Introduction, 12e (Tortora)
Chapter 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology
1) The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?
A) Collect DNA.
B) Digest with a restriction enzyme.
C) Perform electrophoresis.
D) Lyse cells.
E) Add stain.
Answer: B
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 9.18
Figure 9.1
2) How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.4
Global Outcome: 2
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest
piece containing the entire ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene?
A) 0.17 kbp
B) 0.25 kbp
C) 1.08 kbp
D) 1.50 kbp
E) 3.00 kbp
Answer: D
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.4
Global Outcome: 2
2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.2
3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is
A) DNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) RNA polymerase.
D) reverse transcriptase.
E) spliceosome.
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.10
7) Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?
A) Endotoxin may be in the product.
B) It does not secrete most proteins.
C) Its genes are well known.
D) It cannot process introns.
E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global Outcome: 5
4
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
8) Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?
A) frost retardant
B) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
C) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
D) glyphosate-resistant crops
E) pectinase
Answer: E
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.13
Global Outcome: 5
9) If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
A) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
B) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
C) transformation of an animal cell.
D) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
E) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
Answer: D
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.19
5
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
11) Figure 9.3
The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a
Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: D
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 9.17
Global Outcome: 3
12) Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning
procedures?
A) self-replication
B) large size
C) has a selectable marker
D) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome
E) may replicate in several species
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.5
6
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) Figure 9.4
In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media
containing ampicillin and X-gal will
A) form blue, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
B) form blue, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
C) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
D) form white, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
E) not grow.
Answer: C
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.11
7
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14) An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to
A) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.
B) isolate unknown genes.
C) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
D) obtain genes that lack introns.
E) obtain genes that lack exons.
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.10
16) The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G↓AATTC. Which of the following
is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?
A) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.
B) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.
C) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.
D) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.
E) All of the DNA will be circular.
Answer: A
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.4
8
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
17) Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA?
GCATGGATCCCAATGC
A) Enzyme Recognition
BamHI G↓GATCC
CCCTAG↑G
B) Enzyme Recognition
EcoRI G↓AATTC
CTTAA↑G
C) Enzyme Recognition
HaeIII GG↓CC
CC↑GG
D) Enzyme Recognition
HindIII A↓AGCTT
TTCGA↑A
E) Enzyme Recognition
Pst ICTGC↓G
G↑ACGTC
Answer: A
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.4
Global Outcome: 3
9
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a
A) library.
B) clone.
C) vector.
D) Southern blot.
E) PCR.
Answer: B
Section: 9.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.2
20) Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a
A) library.
B) clone.
C) vector.
D) Southern blot.
E) PCR.
Answer: C
Section: 9.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.2
21) The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on
A) identifying all of the genes in the human genome.
B) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
C) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
D) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
E) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.
Answer: B
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.15
Global Outcome: 5
10
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
22) A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this
enzyme, the next step is to
A) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.
B) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme.
C) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
D) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.
E) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.
Answer: C
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 9.16
Global Outcome: 2
23) You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how
many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) thousands
Answer: C
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.7
Global Outcome: 4
24) Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 2, 1
C) 1, 3, 2
D) 2; 1; 3
E) 3; 1; 2
Answer: C
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.7
11
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
25) Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating
cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?
A) RNA interference (RNAi)
B) complementary DNA (cDNA)
C) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)
E) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: A
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 9.14
Global Outcome: 5
26) Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?
A) gene guns
B) protoplast fusion
C) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
D) microinjection
E) electroporation
Answer: D
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.8
Global Outcome: 5
12
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.5
27) In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are
A) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI.
B) ampR and lacZ.
C) ori.
D) ampR and ori.
E) lacZ and ori.
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.5
28) In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is
A) HindIII.
B) ampR.
C) ori.
D) EcoRI.
E) lacZ.
Answer: C
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.5
13
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5
into E. coli?
A) microinjection
B) transformation
C) gene guns
D) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
Answer: B
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.8
31) The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for
cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA
before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV
test are listed below. What is the second step?
A) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B) Lyse human cells.
C) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.
D) Add enzyme substrate.
E) The order is unimportant.
Answer: A
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 9.13
Global Outcome: 5
14
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) Gene silencing involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) small interfering RNAs.
B) production of double stranded RNAs.
C) small interfering RNA binding to a gene promoter.
D) Dicer.
E) RNA-induced silencing complex.
Answer: C
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 9.14
33) You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves
using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is
A) translation.
B) restriction mapping.
C) transformation.
D) PCR.
E) site-directed mutagenesis.
Answer: D
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.7
Global Outcome: 5
34) Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track
outbreaks of foodborne disease?
A) DNA fingerprints
B) restriction fragment length polymorphisms
C) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D) DNA fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms
E) DNA fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase
PCR(rtPCR)
Answer: E
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 9.13
Global Outcome: 5
15
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
35) Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a
laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid.
This is done by
A) irradiating the cells.
B) site-directed mutagenesis.
C) enrichment.
D) selective breeding.
E) selection.
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global Outcome: 5
36) The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes
A) replica plating possible.
B) direct selection possible.
C) the recombinant cell dangerous.
D) the recombinant cell unable to survive.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.11
16
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
37) The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X.
1-Translation
2-Restriction enzyme
3-Prokaryotic transcription
4-DNA ligase
5-Transformation
6-Eukaryotic transcription
7-Reverse transcription
17
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
40) In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required?
A) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose
B) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
C) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
D) electrophoresis to separate fragments
E) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA
Answer: E
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.17
18
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
44) Restriction enzymes are
A) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.
B) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
C) animal enzymes that splice RNA.
D) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.
Answer: B
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.4
45) The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is
A) bioinformatics.
B) proteomics.
C) reverse genetics.
D) forensic microbiology.
E) metagenomics.
Answer: E
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 9.15
1) The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for
the production of desired products.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 9.1
3) The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is
called natural selection.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.3
19
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as
bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.6
5) Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings
without chemical treatment.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.8
6) The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain
gene introns.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 4.2
Learning Outcome: 9.9
7) One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of
human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.13
Global Outcome: 5
8) Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 7.1b
Learning Outcome: 9.16
9) The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 9.19
20
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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this devoted woman failed, nothing could save them. Still they did
not lose hope, though the suspense was almost unendurable. Each
grasped his pistol firmly, to be used as a club if occasion required.
The termination of what had verily seemed an hour to them, but in
reality only five minutes, brought the welcome signal—the whistle
was blown.
“You first, Harper,” said Martin.
They darted from their hiding-place and rushed through the door; a
Sepoy tried to bar the passage, but was felled by a blow from
Harper’s pistol; in another moment they were outside the walls—
Haidee was waiting for them.
“Speed!” she cried, leading the way.
The alarm was already being spread. A deep-toned gong, that could
be heard even above the howling wind, was warning the sentries
that something had happened.
From gate to gate, from guard to guard, the signal passed, and soon
a hundred torches were flaring in the wind; there were confusion and
commotion, and much rushing to and fro, but nobody exactly
seemed to know what it was all about, only that someone had
escaped. A few shots were fired—why, was a mystery—and even a
big gun vomited forth a volume of flame and sent a round shot
whizzing through space, only to fall harmlessly in a far-off paddy-
field. In the meantime the fugitives, favoured by the darkness and
the wind, sped along, keeping under the shadow of the wall, until the
bridge of boats was passed.
“We cannot cross the bridge,” said Haidee, “for on the other side
there is a piquet stationed.”
“How, then, shall we gain the opposite bank?” asked Harper.
“By swimming,” she answered.
When they had proceeded about a quarter of a mile farther, Haidee
stopped.
“This is a good part; the river is narrow here, but the current is
strong.”
“But will it not be dangerous for you to trust yourself to the stream?”
Martin remarked, as he divested himself of his jacket.
“Dangerous? No,” she answered; “I am an excellent swimmer.”
She unwound a long silken sash from her waist, and, tying one end
round her body and the other round Harper, she said—
“I am ready. Swim against the current as much as possible, and you
will gain a bend almost opposite to us.”
Martin walked to the water’s edge, and, quietly slipping in, struck out
boldly. Haidee and Harper followed, and as they floated out into the
stream she whispered—
“We are bound together. Where you go I go; we cannot separate.”
It was hard work breasting that rapid current, but the swimmers
swam well, and the bank was gained. Emerging, somewhat
exhausted, and with the muddy waters of the Jumna dripping from
them, they stood for some minutes to recover their breath.
Haidee was the first to speak.
“We are safe so far,” she said. “Before us lies the Meerut road. The
way to Cawnpore is to the left.”
“Then I suppose we must part,” Martin observed.
“Yes,” she answered. “You have but thirty miles to go; travel as far as
possible during the night, and in the morning you will be safe.”
Martin took her hand.
“You are as brave as beautiful, and I am too poor in words to thank
you. But in my heart I have a silent gratitude that time can never
wear away.”
“God speed you,” joined in Harper. “Tell my wife that you left me well
and hopeful. Bid her wait patiently for my coming.”
“You may depend upon me.”
Martin shook the hands of his friends, and, turning away, was soon
lost in the darkness.
When his retreating footsteps had died out, Haidee grasped Harper’s
hand, for he stood musingly, his thoughts preceding his friend to
Meerut; he felt not a little sad as he pictured his wife waiting and
weeping for him, and he wondered if he would ever see her again.
“Come,” said Haidee softly. “Come,” she repeated, as he did not
seem to notice her at first, “time flies, and we are surrounded with
danger.”
He turned towards her with a sigh.
“Why do you sigh?” she asked.
“I scarcely know.”
“Is it for one who is absent?”
“Perhaps so.”
She sighed now, inaudibly, and she pressed her hand on her heart;
but he did not notice the movement.
“Cawnpore is distant,” she said, in a low tone, “and the night is
already far spent. Let us go.”
And so they went on, side by side, into the darkness, on to the
unknown future. And the wind moaned around them like a warning
voice, and beat in their faces as if it would drive them back.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE TIGER OF CAWNPORE.[3]
FOOTNOTES:
[3] Nana Sahib was first referred to as “The Tiger of Cawnpore” by
the Times.
[4] This is no exaggerated description. The room was exactly as
described.
CHAPTER XV.
AS ARMOUR IMPENETRABLE.