DESIGN OF L Shaped Cantilever RETAINING WALL

1 Preliminary Data
i) Height of Retaining Wall h 2.69 meters
ii) Submerged Soil Density γs 26 KN/cum Dry Density of soil 18 KN/m3
iii) SBC (Assumed) qo 150 KN/sqm Density of Fully saturated soil 36 KN/m3
iv) Angle of repose Ø 15 degrees Submerged Density of soil 26 KN/m3
0.262 radians
v) Surcharge Angle Ө 0 degrees
0.000 radians
vi) Coefficient of friction µ 0.5
vii) Surcharge Load Ws 0 KN/sqm

2 Pressure Coefficients
i) Active Pressure Coefficients Ca 0.589
=(cosӨ-√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø)*cosӨ) /
(cosӨ+√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø))
ii) Passive Pressure Coefficients Cp 1.70
= (1+SinØ) / (1+SinØ)

3 Preliminary Dimensions
Proposed Adopted
i) Thickness of Stem ts min 200mm 0.275 meters
ii) Thickness of footing base slab tb = 0.08 * (h + hs) 0.22 meters 0.30 meters
iii) Length of base slab L = 1.5 * √(Ca/3) * (h + hs) 1.79 meters
4.70 meters
L = 0.6h to 0.65h 2.21 meters

iv) Extra Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge hs = W s/γs 0.00 meters
v) Total Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge Hs = h+hs 2.69 meters

vi) Extra Height of RW due to inclined back fill hi = (L-ts)* tanӨ 0.71 meters
vii) Total Height of RW due to inclined back fill Hi = h+hi 3.40 meters

viii) Design Height of RW considered H = Max of H1 & H2 3.40 meters

4 Stability against Overturning

i) Active pressure due Surcharge Load PHS = Ca*W s*h 0 KN
ii) Active pressure due Backfill Load PH = Ca*γs*h2 / 2 89 KN
iii) Total Load on stem (Force) Pa = PHS + PH 89 KN
iv) Overturning Moment due to Imposed load MOIL = PHS*h/2 0 KN
v) Overturning Moment due to Backfill load MODL = PH*h/3 100 KN
vi) Overturning Moment Mo = (1.2*MDIL) + (1.4*MOIL) 120 KN

v) Load Lever arm at end of stem Moment

W 1 Backfill Load = (L-ts)*(h-tb)*γs 357 KN ((L-ts) / 2) + ts 2.49 meters 888 KNm
W 2 Inclined Backfill Load = ((L-ts)*hi)/2*γs 41 KN ((L-ts) / 3) + ts 1.75 meters 71 KNm
W 3 Stem self weight = ts*(h-tb)*γconc 21 KN ts / 2 0.14 meters 3 KNm
W 4 Base self weight = L*tb*γconc 35 KN L/2 2.35 meters 83 KNm
∑W 454 KN ∑Mw 1045 KNm

viii) Mw not less than (1.2*MODL) +(1.4*MOIL) Safe against Overturning

-clause 20.1 page 33 of IS 456 2000

5 Stability against Sliding

i) Sliding Force Pa = PHS + PH 89 KN
ii) Resisting Force F = µ*∑W 227 KN

iii) (FS)SL= (0.9*F)/(Pa) 2.31 > 1.4 Safe against Sliding

-clause 20.2 page 33 of IS 456 2000

6 Soil Pressures at footing base

i) Net Moment at toe Mn = Mw - Mo 944 KN
ii) Point of application of Resultant R x = Mn/W 2.08 meters
iii) Eccentricity e = (L/2) - x 0.27 meters L/6= 0.78
e<L6 Eccentricity lies within middle third of the base hence OK

iv) Pressure Distridution on soil qmax = W/L * (1+(6*e/L)) 130 KN/sqm

qmin = W/L * (1-(6*e/L)) 63 KN/sqm
Max Pressure qmax<SBC hence pressure on base is OK

Pressure at junction of stem and

v) qsh=qmax-((qmax-qmin)/L)*ts) 126 KN/sqm
heel
7 Constants for Working Stress Method

Design Constants
i) Grade of concrete 20 MPa
ii) Grade of steel 500 MPa

iii) Compr stress in concrete c 7.0 table 21 page 81 IS 456

iv) Tensile stress in steel t 275
v) Modular ratio m = 280/3c 13.33
vi) Neutral axis depth factor k=mc/(mc+t) 0.253
vii) Lever arm j = 1 - k/3 0.916
viii) Factor R= cjk / 2 0.812

8 Design

A) Stem
i) Beanding Moment at base of stem M = MODL + MOIL 100 KN/m

ii) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.01 meters

iii) Thickness provided ts 0.28 meters
Thickness of Stem is OK

iv) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 1855 sqmm

v) Ast provided 16 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c 2011 sqmm
vi) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.86 %
Steel OK

B) Base Slab
Force Lever arm from end of stem Moment
i) Force due to backfill+surcharge = (H2-tb)*(L-ts)*γs 275 (L-ts) / 2 2.21 meters 609 KNm
ii) Force due to inclined backfill = hi/2*(L-ts)*γs 41 (L-ts) / 3 1.48 meters 60 KNm
iii) Self Weight of base slab =L *tb*γconc 35 L/2 2.35 meters 83 KNm
∑Ws 351 Md 752 KNm
vi) Upward soil pressure Nup = ((qsh+qmin)/2)*(L-ts) 419 ((qsh+(2*qmin))/(qsh+qmin)) * ((L- 1.97 meters 824 KNm
Upward Pressure is greater ts)/3) Mu 824 KNm

v) Bending Moment Msh = Mu-Md 73

vi) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.30 meters Thickness of Stem is OK

vii) Thickness provided ts 0.30 meters

viii) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 1201 sqmm

ix) Ast provided 12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c 565 sqmm
x) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.50 %
Revise Steel

C) Reinforcement Details

FILL