Title of B.

Sc Project
(Binding Page)

STUDENTS

Muhammad Kashif 2017-EE-775

Muhammad Kashif 2017-EE-775
Muhammad Kashif 2017-EE-775
Muhammad Kashif 2017-EE-775

Supervisor

Engr. Kashif Iqbal

Lecturer

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MNS UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, MULTAN
(July 2022)
 Project Title
(Inside First page)

Authors

Name of Student

Student’s Registration Numbers

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Thesis Supervisor:

Supervisor Name

Designation & Department

External Examiner Signature:____________________________________________

Thesis Supervisor Signature:_____________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MNS UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, MULTAN
(August 2022)

II
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
It is certified that the project work titled “Title of Project” carried out by Student’s
Name, Reg. No, under the supervision of “Name of Supervisor” at Muhammad
Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology, Multan. It is fully adequate,
in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of B.Sc Electrical Engineering.

Supervisor: -------------------------------------------------------------

Dr./Lecturer/Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
University of Engineering & Technology, Multan

Co-Supervisor: ---------------------------------------------------------------

Designation and Industry Name: ________________

___________________________________________

FYDP In-Charge: --------------------------------------------------------------

Dr./Lecturer/Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
University of Engineering & Technology, Multan

External Examiner: --------------------------------------------------------------

Dr./Lecturer/Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
University of Engineering & Technology, Multan

Head of Department: ---------------------------------------------------------------

Dr./Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
University of Engineering & Technology, Multan

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MNS UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, MULTAN

III
 DECLARATION

It is declared that this is an original piece of my own work, except where otherwise
acknowledged in text and references. This work has not been submitted in any form for
another degree or diploma at any university or other institution for tertiary education and
shall not be submitted by me in future for obtaining any degree from this or any other
University or Institution.
[Font: Times New Roman, Size: 12]

<Name of Student 1>

<Roll. No. XYX>

<Name of Student 2 (if any)>

<Roll. No. XYZ>

Month Year (e.g. March 2016)

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Creator of us all, who is most Beneficent and Merciful. He blessed
the human with senses for better understanding of nature and enable all of us to traverse his
creations and acquire knowledge.
I thanked Allah Almighty who kept His endless blessings during my research work and
helped me in my difficult times.
We thank our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who delivered the knowledge to mankind and
enable them for better understanding of life.
It was a great opportunity to work under supervision of our respected Supervisor Engr.
Ayesha Khalid Khan, whose understanding nature, wisdom and humble behavior helped me
a lot to complete this work.
Our acknowledgement would be incomplete without considering the help and cooperating
behavior of the Head of Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Muhammad Shahzad.
In the end, special thanks to the people in term of moral and emotional support, our family
and friends, whose prayers help me to reach this point where i am today and all others who
played their significant role in this journey.

IV
 ABSTRACT
In this project, a new idea of rotating magnetic field inverter is proposed which deals with the
voltage dips and swells. The working principle of inverter is based on the field modulation
technique that is changing flux in a coil induces an emf in that coil. The inverter designed is
aim to deals with power quality issues such as voltage dips and swells, transients, and voltage
fluctuations in the distribution line. The inverter comprises of groups of coils connected in a
circular pattern and an output coil is put in the center. The rotating magnetic field produced in
the outer groups of coils also cuts the output central coil, then an emf is induced in it due to
varying field. The proposed inverter work as a dynamic voltage restorer to handle the voltage
dips by injecting power into distribution lines and vice versa. The main key features of
proposed RMI are that it is a rotating magnetic field based novel inverter, it produces
Continuous sine wave instead of staircase sine wave, provide phase synchronization and
compensate voltage fluctuations. Comparing with the traditional DVRs, it consumes less
power, highly efficient and have less circuit complexity. The whole model and
architecture of RMI is being discussed. The validity of the proposed methodology is verified
using MATLAB simulation.
Keyword: Power inverter, Voltage Regulations, Field modulations theory, Voltage dips and
swells.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment.....................................................................................................v
Declaration..............................................................................................................vi
Abstract..................................................................................................................vii
Table of Contents..................................................................................................viii
List of Figures..........................................................................................................x
List of Tables..........................................................................................................xi
List of Acronyms/Abbreviations...........................................................................xii

Chapter 1
Introduction............................................................................................ 7
1.1 Overview......................................................................................................7
1.2 Statement of Problem..............................................................................71.3
Purpose of the research/project....................................................................8
1.4 Applications of the research.........................................................................8
1.5 Theoretical bases and organization..............................................................8
1.6 Summary......................................................................................................8

Chapter 2
Literature review...................................................................................................9
2.1 Related Technologies...................................................................................9
2.1.1 Related Technology 1....................................................................9
2.1.2 Related Technology 2....................................................................9
2.2 Related Projects............................................................................................9
2.3 Related Studies.............................................................................................9
2.3 Their Limitations and Bottlenecks...............................................................9
2.4 Summary......................................................................................................9

Chapter 3
Tools and techniques …………..........................................................................10
3.1 Hardware used with complete technical specifications..............................10
3.2 Software(s), simulation tool(s) used..........................................................10
3.3 Summary....................................................................................................10
Chapter 4
Methodologies and Implementation...................................................................11

VI
4.1 Design of the investigation.........................................................................11
4.2 Analysis procedures...................................................................................11
4.3 Implementation procedure..........................................................................11
4.3.1 Details about hardware................................................................11
4.3.2 Details about software/ algorithms..............................................11
4.3.2 Details about control etc..............................................................11
4.4 Verification of functionalities....................................................................11
4.5 Details about simulation / mathmatical modeling......................................11
4.6 Summary....................................................................................................11

Chapter 5
Results and Analysis............................................................................................12
5.1 Presentation of the findings........................................................................12
5.1.1 Hardware results..........................................................................12
5.1.2 Software results...........................................................................12
5.2 Discussion of the findings..........................................................................12
5.2.1 Comparison with initial GOAL...................................................12
5.2.2 Reasoning for short comings.......................................................12
5.3 Limitations.................................................................................................13
5.4 Recommendations......................................................................................13
5.5 Summary....................................................................................................13

Chapter 6
Conclusion.............................................................................................................14
References..............................................................................................................15
Appendices(if included).........................................................................................16
Appendix - A..............................................................................................16
Appendix - B..............................................................................................17
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………….….17
VITA …………………………………………………………………………….18

VII
LIST OF FIGURES (Caption Font Size is 12)
Figure 1.1 Figure Caption.......................................................................................2
Figure 2.1 Figure Caption.......................................................................................4
Figure 2.2 Figure Caption.......................................................................................6
Figure 3.1 Figure Caption.......................................................................................8

VIII
 LIST OF TABLES (Caption Font Size is 12)

Table 3.1 Caption of table.......................................................................................2

Table 3.2 Caption of table.......................................................................................2
Table 3.3 Caption of table.......................................................................................3
Table 4.1 Caption of table.......................................................................................4

IX
 LIST OF ACRONYMS

MNS UET Muhammad Nawaz Sharif UET

FYDP Final Year Design Project
B.Sc Bachalors of Scinece
HOD Head of Department

X
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPENT GOALS

Write down your concerned SDG along with 3-4 lines (with selected SDG image from above)
that how come it is related to your project.

XI
 Final Year Design Project mapping with Complex Engineering Attributes

Project Title

project
supervisor

Sr. No. Targeted Attribute of CEP Mapping

1 Depth of Engineering Knowledge

2 Range of conflicting requirements

3 Depth of analysis Required

4 Familiarity of issues

5 Extent of applicable codes

6 Extent of stakeholder involvement

and conflicting requirements
7 Consequences

8 Interdependence

XII
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

The nature of the electrical system is changing from conventional power system to modern
and smart electrical systems. The reason of this transformation is the evolution of new
technologies, updated and modern power electronics devices. The amalgamation of several
newly invented renewable energy sources e.g. solar panels, solar cells, thermal power plants
and wind turbines enhances the chance of many power quality issues. With the innovation of
any type of technique or power electronics device, it is the major task to monitor that either it
is compatible with the system, either it more efficient to handle the assign task, either the
system efficiency improve or not. Sometimes, it is possible that a newly introduced devices
are compatible with the system but it cause more power quality issues.
Taking into account of all these technological inventions, advancements in renewable energy
sources and integration of new techniques into the systems, the performance of the system
has become the major issue. The system is likely to be more effected by various power
quality issues such as voltage fluctuations, transients, frequency variations, harmonics,
voltage dips and swells. It is the major issue as it effect both customers and utilities. The
voltage and current harmonics, transients, dips and swells can damage sensitive load devices.
Now considerable fact is that these problems needs to be addressed to give an uninterrupted
power to the end users.
1.1. OVERVIEW
The work presented in this thesis is based on the idea to design a device to improve the power
quality issues and compensate voltage sags and swells. The novel technique is implemented
and groups of coils connected with the demultiplexer and FETs is used. The circuitry is
simple using less number of electronics devices and switches.
1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The proposed inverter model is meant to handle the line voltage fluctuations. The field
modulation technique is used to operate the inverter model. The voltage variations is handled
through inverter model and power is fed into the distribution line. The number of electronics
devices used in the inverter is less and operation is simple to implement. The power quality
issues due to load variations, any faults in the power line, amalgamation of the renewable
energy sources is handled by the proposed inverter model.

2
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

1.3. APPLICATIONS

The inverter is best to maintain the line voltage in case of any load variations and other
system faults such as faulty devices, any damage in power system, blackout and insertion of
any new loads in the power system. It is the off grid inverter and installed anywhere in the
power system. It uses minimum number of devices like the conventional inverter, thus it
more economical and have less maintenance issues.
1.4. THEORETICAL BASES AND ORGANIZATIONS

To design the inverter, groups of coils are used which are arranged in a specific pattern and
follows the technique of field modulation theory. The phenomena of mutual induction is
observed in the coils and resulting output generated is used to feed the power in the
distribution line. Contrary to previous inverters, which uses great number of switches and
circuit get complicated, this model works effectively with specific number of coils, without
external dc source, less number of switches and operates on simple technique

3
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

Format of Picture and Table

Fig. 1.1 Maintenance of Insulators

Table. 1.1 Time (s) and Temp. data

4
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

REFERENCES

(i) BOOK
(a) Basic Format:

J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S.
State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

(b) Example:

 M. Gorkii, “Optimal design,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 12, pp. 111-122, 1961 (Transl.: in L. Pontryagin,
Ed., The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes. New York, NY, USA: Interscience, 1962, ch. 2, sec. 3, pp.
127–135).

 A. Histace, “Image restoration—Recent advances and applications,” in Super-Resolution Restoration and

Image Reconstruction for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012, pp. 25–45.

(ii) Journal
(a) Basic Format:

J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.  J.
K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi:
xxx.

(b) Example:

 M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, “Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient
BEM computational procedure,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi:
10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

 M. Ito et al., “Application of amorphous oxide TFT to electrophoretic display,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354,
no. 19, pp. 2777–2782, Feb. 2008

(iii) CONFERENCE
(a) Basic Format:

J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State,
Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number.

(b) Example:

 D. Caratelli, M. C. Viganó, G. Toso, and P. Angeletti, “Analytical placement technique for sparse arrays,”
presented at the 32nd ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 5–8, 2010.

 J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the

1989 Int. Conf. Medicine and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 9–12, 1989.

5
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

References (IEEE Reference Style, minimum 30 reference)

[1] M. F. Zayed, W. H. Eisa, and A. A. Shabaka, “Malva parviflora extract assisted green
synthesis of silver nanoparticles,” Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.,
vol. 98, pp. 423–428, 2012.
[2] S. Cicek, A. A. Gungor, A. Adiguzel, and H. Nadaroglu, “Biochemical evaluation and
green synthesis of nano silver using peroxidase from Euphorbia (Euphorbia
amygdaloides) and its antibacterial activity,” J. Chem., vol. 2015, 2015.
[3] A. Verma and M. S. Mehata, “Controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles using
Neem leaves and their antimicrobial activity,” J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1,
pp. 109–115, 2016.
[4] M. Rafique, I. Sadaf, M. S. Rafique, and M. B. Tahir, “A review on green synthesis of
silver nanoparticles and their applications,” Artif. Cells, Nanomedicine Biotechnol.,
vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1272–1291, 2017.

6
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

Bibliography

I hereby Kiran received the B.Sc Degree in Electrical Engineering from

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan in 2018. Recently I am pursuing
an M.Sc Degree from Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of
Engineering & Technology, Multan. I have done my research work under
the supervision of Engr. Ayesha Khalid Khan in Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of
Engineering & Technology, Multan, Pakistan. My research interests includes power inverters,
power electronics devices, different inverters for the purpose of compensation of voltage
fluctuation in the distribution line as presented by my research work too. I am now member
of several national and international organizations such as IEEE, IEEEP and Pakistan
Engineering Council (PEC).

7
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION

NOTE: Minimum number of pages in thesis/report should be 70

included introduction pages.

Chapter Name should be 14 Bold, Times New Roman, Centered.

Body of text should be 12 font size, Times new roman, 1.5 line spacing
1st heading should be 14 bold, Uppercase
2nd heading should be 14 not bold, Capital each word
3rd heading should be 14 Italic, sentence Case