MUN NOTES

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most enduring conflicts which dates back to the end of the
nineteenth century. It all started when the British took over the area known as Palestine after the
Ottoman Empire faced defeat in World War One. The land was inhabited by the Jewish minority and
Arab majority. Slowly but eventually, the number of Jews arriving grew, many of whom fled from Adolf
Hitler's dictatorship. Violence grew between Arabs and Jews. In 1947, the United Nations (UN) adopted
Resolution 181, also known as, the Partition Plan, which pursued to divide the British Mandate of
Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. This plan was welcomed by the Jews but executed by the Arabs. In
1948, unable to solve this problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the
State of Israel. Then on, on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli
War. The war ended in 1949, with Israel’s victory, as predicted, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced
and the territory was divided into 3 parts; the State of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.

As a Muslim state, Afghanistan officials and the government have expressed support for the past 20
years again and again. In 2019, Afghanistan’s ambassador donated $1m in aid to Palestinian refugees,
following on from $500,000 given to the people of Gaza five years earlier. Afghanistan remains
committed and supports the lawful right of Palestine to have its own independent state. The Taliban
representative Muhammad Naeem was criticized when he refused to rule out ties with Israel during an
appearance on Al-Jazeera Arabic. When he was asked if the Islamic Emirate would be willing to engage
with Israel, he replied by saying that the Taliban was open to relations with anyone receptive to the
idea. Afghanistan’s foreign affairs ministry issued a statement amid Israel-Gaza fighting in which he said
that the Taliban strongly condemned the brutal Israeli attacks and called for its immediate end. The
Palestinian foreign minister appreciated the Afghan government for its sympathy and called for Islamic
countries and the world’s peace-loving nations to support the legal rights of Palestinians.

This conflict has a ton of confusion surrounding whether or not peace is possible between Israel and
Palestinians. What would it look like and how feasible it would be? There are various proposed solutions
that fell under two categories:

• One-state solution

This solution is also known as a ‘binational state.’ This solution will create one democratic and temporal
state in which both Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs would live as citizens with equal rights.

• Two-state solution

This solution would create two separate states for two categories, Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs.
Israel state would retain a Jewish majority and Palestine would have a Muslim Arab majority.
MUN NOTES 2.0
1: What policies or actions must be implied or taken to ensure the implementation of human rights
and laws in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

This conflict is a complex and deeply entrenched issue with a long history of violence and conflict.
Ensuring the implementation of human rights and laws in this context requires a multifaceted approach
that involves both long-term and short-term solutions. Some of the policies and actions that could be
taken include:

 Holding those who violate human rights accountable:

governments, organization and individuals to violate human rights should be held accountable through
investigations, trials and appropriate sanctions. This can help to deter future violations and create a
culture of respect for human rights.

 Supporting civil society organiztions:

Civil society organizations play a critical role in promoting human rights and the rule of law.
Governments, international organizations, and individuals can support these organizations by providing
fundings, advocacy and other forms of support.

 End occupation:

The Israeli occupation of Palestine must end to ensure that Palestinians can enjoy their human rights,
including the right to self-determination.

 Increase Humanitarian Aid:

The international community must provide humanitarian aid to Palestinians living in poverty and under
occupation to ensure that they get their basic requirements.

 Protection of civilians:

Governments and armed groups must ensure that the safety and rights of civilians including women and
children are protected during the time of conflicts.

 Enforce the international law and agreements:

The UN and other international organization should ensure the implementation of human right laws,
international humanitarian law and international human rights treaty in the Israeli-Palestinian conflicts.
2: How should the conflict between Palestine and Israel be solved?

The delegate of Afghanistan would like to provide some suggestions on how the conflict between
Palestine and Israel could potentially be solved:

 Negotiations and Dialogues:

Both sides need to be open to dialogue and negotiations. They must work towards a peaceful that is
acceptable to both parties. They must also take steps to build trust and reduce tensions by mutual
coordination.

 Two-state solution:

Many people believe that a two-state solution is the only rial able way to end the conflict. This means
that Palestine and Israel would have two separate states with defined borders. The UN has been
advocating for this solution for decades and it also has been supported by various countries and
international organizations.

 One-state solution:

Some argue over the one-state solution which would be a single democratic state that would be
established in the region, where both Palestinians and Israelis will have equal rights and representation.
This solution is also known as binational solution.

 International intervention:

Some experts and genius suggest that international mediation and involvement could help break the
impasse and facilitate a peaceful solution.

 Economic development and cooperation:

A more long-term solution could involve promoting economic development and cooperation between
Israel and Palestine, which could help alleviate poverty and build trust between the two sides.
3: How can the international communities and allies play a part in helping the newly-established
government in maintaining regional cooperation?

 One way that the international communities and allies can help the newly-established
government in maintaining regional cooperation is by providing financial assistance to fund
development projects, promote trade and investments, and build infrastructure. This can help
boost economic growth and create job opportunities in the region.
 Promoting diplomatic relations:

Another way is to promote diplomatic relations between the newly-established government and their
countries in the region. This can help in building foster trust and mutual understanding, and lay the
foundation for cooperation in various areas such as security, trade and cultural exchanges.

 Support regional organizations:

International communities and allies can also support regional organizations such as the European Union
or the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). This can help the government to participate in
regional dialogues and decision-making by sharing the best practices and experiences with other
countries in the region.

 Encourage dialogue and cooperation:

Exchanging of dialogues between the newly-established government with other countries can help to
resolve conflicts and build trust and can lead to the development of joint initiatives and projects that
benefit the entire region.

 Providing technical assistance and capacity building:

Finally, international communities and allies can provide technical assistance and capacity building to
the newly-established government. This can help to build institutional capacity, strengthen government
and rule of law and promote the development of civil society organizations that can help to promote
regional cooperation.
4: What should be done with Hamas?

It is important to note that Hamas is a complex group that governs the Gaza strip. It involves a range of
historical, cultural, and religious factors. The best course of action for addressing the situation would
require a comprehensive understanding of the situation and the involvement of relevant stakeholders
such as government officials, diplomats, and international organizations. The solutions that the delegate
of Afghanistan would like to provide with regard to Hamas are:

 Negotiate a peaceful resolution:

The conflict between Palestine and Israel, including Hamas, can only be resolved through negotiations
that address the root causes of the conflict. This means that both sides need to compromise and make
concessions to reach a peaceful resolution.

 International involvement:

International organizations, including the UN, could play a key role in facilitating dialogue and
negotiations between Israel and Palestine. International pressure could be exerted on Hamas to
renounce violence and recognize Israel’s right to exist as a state.

 Military intervention:

While military action is never an ideal solution, it may be necessary to take action against Hamas if they
continue to launch rockets and attack Israeli civilians. Any military intervention should be targeted and
aimed at minimizing civilian casualties.

Ultimately, any solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that involves Hamas will require both sides to
come to the table with a willingness to make difficult compromises.
5: How should the land of Palestine and Israel be divided so all religions could practice their faith
properly?

The question of how to divide the land between Israel and Palestine to accommodate the practice of
different religions is a complex political issue that requires a negotiated solution between the parties
involved. It would need to take into account the historical, cultural, and religious ties of both Israelites
and Palestinians to the land as well as the practical needs of each community. Based on some historical
and current practices, the suggestions that the delegate of Afghanistan would like to provide are:

 The creation of designated area:

The land can be divided into different zones or areas, with each area allotted to a particular religious
group. Their areas could be further divided into smaller sections for different sects or denominations
within the same religion.

 Shared spaces:

Rather than dividing the land completely, the land could be shared in public spaces where people from
different religions can come together for events, festivals, or ceremonies. These shared spaces could be
designed to accommodate the unique needs and practices of each religion.

 Time-sharing:

Another possible solution could be to allocate specific times of the day, week, or month for different
religious practices. For example, one group could use a specific area for prayer and worship in the
morning, while another group could use the same area in the afternoon. This way, each religion would
have equal access to the land, and there would be no need for physical divisions.
6: How can there be a peace treaty between Israel and Palestine which can last for a long time?

The proposals that the delegate of Afghanistan would like to suggest are:

 Mutual recognition:

Both Israel and Palestine need to recognize each other as legitimate states and agree to live side by side
in peace and security

 Border security

A secure border between the two states is essential to prevent the movement of illegal weapons and
fighters

 Sharing resources

A fair and equitable distribution of water, land, and other resources must be negotiated to ensure long-
term stability.

 Ending the blockade:

Israel must end its blockade of Gaza, allowing free movement of people and goods in and out of the
territory.

 Education and outreach:

Education and cultural programs should be conducted to promote mutual understanding and respect
between the two committees.

 International involvement:

The international community, including the UN, must play an active role in the peace process, providing
resources and support for negotiations and implementation.
7: How should the borders of Palestine and Israel be protected from terrorist attacks?

Some measures that can be taken to protect the borders of Palestine and Israel from terrorist attacks
are:

 Increased surveillance:

There should be a heightened level of surveillance using technologies such as drones, cameras, and
radars. This will help detect and intercept any suspicious activity before it can lead to an attack.

 Security checkpoints:

Regular security at the borders should be established and every entry should be thoroughly screened for
weapons and explosives.

 Military presence:

Military presence can be stationed at strategic locations along the borders to deter any potential
attacks.

 Borders walls:

Physical barriers such as walls and fences can be erected to prevent unauthorized entry and to create a
more defined border.