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five, and a salience of rather more than thirteen feet.[85] These were
separated from each other by intervals of ninety feet, or double the
front of a tower. Only the lower parts of the towers are now in
existence, and we have to turn to the representations of fortresses in
the reliefs before we can restore their super-structures with any
certainty. In these sculptures what we may call the head of the tower
equals on an average from a fourth to a fifth of the height of the
curtain. By adopting an elevation half way between these two
proportions, M. Place has given to his towers a total height of 105
feet to the top of their crenellations, a height which is near enough to
the 100 Grecian feet attributed by Diodorus to the Nineveh walls.
The description borrowed by that writer from Ctesias, is, as we have
shown, in most respects quite imaginary, but it may have contained
this one exact statement, especially as a height of about 100 feet
seems to have been usually chosen for cities of this importance.
The parapets of the towers were corbelled out from their walls
and pierced with loopholes, as we know from the reliefs. Each
doorway was flanked by a pair of towers, the wall between them
being only wide enough for the entrance. Our Plate V. will give a very
exact idea of the general appearance of the whole enceinte.
Including those of the palace mound, it has been calculated that the
city of Sargon had one hundred and sixty-seven towers. Was there a
ditch about the wall like that at Babylon? We are tempted to say yes
to this, especially when we remember the statement of Herodotus
that the earth taken from the ditch served to afford materials for the
wall. Moreover such a ditch could have been easily kept full of water
by means of the two mountain streams that flow past the mound. But
the explorers tell us they could find no trace of such a ditch.[86] If it
ever existed it has now been so completely filled up that no vestige
remains.
Upon each of its south-eastern, south-western and north-eastern
faces the city wall was pierced with two gates. One of these,
decorated with sculptures and glazed bricks, is called by Place the
porte ornée, or state entrance, the other, upon which no such
ornament appears, he calls the porte simple. On the north-western
face there is only a porte simple, the palace mound taking the place
of the state gateway. The plinth and the lower courses of burnt brick
are continued up to the arches of these gates; the latter are also
raised upon a kind of mound which lifts them about eight and a half
feet above the level of the plain.
In size and general arrangement these gateways were repetitions
of each other. Our Figs. 50 in the first volume, 24 and 25 in this,
show severally the present condition, the plan and the restored
elevation of a porte simple.
Fig. 31.—Chariot for three combatants; from the palace of Assurbanipal. Louvre.
Height 16 inches. Drawn by Bourgoin.
At Khorsabad, where the main streets must, like those of
Babylon, have intersected each other at right angles, how were the
buildings, public and private, arranged? We might have had an
answer to this interesting question had M. Place been in command
of enough time and means to clear the whole interior of the enceinte.
Even as it was he found enough to justify him in asserting that the
great inclosure of some eight hundred acres was not, as we might be
tempted to imagine at first sight, a royal park attached to the palace,
but a city. He sunk trenches at three points where low mounds
suggested the presence of ruins, and all his doubts soon
disappeared. Several yards below the present level of the ground he
found the original surface, with the pavements of streets, courtyards
and rooms; doorways with their thresholds and jambs; walls covered
with stucco, cut stone and even alabaster slabs; potsherds,
fragments of brick and utensils of various kinds—decisive evidence,
in fact, that one of those agglomerations of civilized human beings
that we call towns, had formerly occupied the site.
CHAPTER II.
SCULPTURE.