EXPERIMENT – 9

Aim: To identify one acidic radical and one basic radical of the given inorganic salt no.7.
Apparatus Required: Test tube , Beaker, Boiling tube, Funnel, China Dish, Wash bottle,
Funnel,passing tube, glass rod filter paper etc.

Physical observation :
Physical state: crystalline solid
Colour: white
Odour : no specific odour
Solubility: sparingly soluble in water
Wet test:

(i) Preliminary Test for Anion:

Experiment Observation Inference
original solution is treated No specific obsrvation dil. H2 SO4 group absent
with dil. H2 SO4
Original solution is A reddish brown -
warmed with con.H2So4 pungent smelling gas NO3 suspected
evolved which was
intensified on adding
copper turnings

(ii) Confirmatory Test for Anion:

Experiment Observation Inference
O.S. + freshly Appearance of brown – -
prepared ferrous black ring at junction of NO3 confirmed
sulphate solution and 2 two liquids
ml of conc sulphuric
acid was added along
the wall of testtube

NO3 -+ H2SO4 HSO4 -+ HNO3

4HNO3 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
2NaNO3 + 4H2SO4 + 3Cu  3 CuSO4 + Na2SO4 + 4H2O + 2NO
Copper sulphate
(Blue)
2NO + O2   2NO2
(Brown fumes)
6 FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 3Fe2 (SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO   [Fe(NO)]SO4
Nitroso ferrous sulphate
(Brown)

(i) Preliminary Test for Cation:

Experiment Observation Inference
A little of the salt solution No specific obsrvation +
is treated with NaOH NH4 absent
solution
original solution is No specific obsrvation First group absent
mixed with few drops of
dil. HCl
Original solution is No specific obsrvation Second group absent
mixed with few drops of
dilute HCL and then
H2S gas is passed
through it
take original solution No specific obsrvation Third group absent
and add 2-3 drops of
conc. HNO3 to
oxidise Fe 2+ ions to Fe 3+
ions. Heat the solution
for a few minutes. After
cooling add a small
amount of solid
ammonium chloride
(NH4Cl) and an excess
of ammonium
hydroxide (NH4OH)
solution till it smells of
ammonia. Shake the
test tube.
take original solution No specific obsrvation fourth group absent
and add 2-3 drops of
conc. HNO3 to
oxidise Fe 2+ ions to Fe 3+
ions. Heat the solution
for a few minutes. After
cooling add a small
amount of solid
ammonium chloride
(NH4Cl) and an excess
of ammonium
hydroxide (NH4OH)
solution till it smells of
ammonia. Shake the
test tube. H2S gas is
passed through this
solution
 take original solution and White ppt was formed May be group v
add a small amount of solid
NH4Cl and an excess of
NH4OH solution followed by
solid ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3.
Dissolve the precipitate by
boiling with dilute acetic acid
and divide the
solution into three parts one
each for Ba 2+, Sr 2+ and Ca 2+ ions

(ii) Confirmatory Test for Cation:

Experiment Observation Inference
(a) To the first part add No specific obsrvation Ba 2+ absent
potassium chromate
solution

(b) to second part of the No specific obsrvation Sr 2+ absent

solution
and add ammonium
sulphate solution. Heat
and scratch the sides of the
test tube with a glass rod
and cool.
(c) take the third part of White ppt is formed Ca +2 confirmed
the solution. Add
ammonium oxalate
solution and shake
well.

CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH   (CH3COO)2 Ca + H2O + CO2

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4   (COO)2Ca + 2CH3COONH4
Ammonium Calcium oxalate
oxalate (White precipitate)

-
Result: The acidic radical is NO3 (nitrate), and the basic radical is Ca+2 (calcium).