2

Additional confirmation of the theory of strong interactions came from experiments at

electron-positron colliders (SPEAR, DESY, PETRA, LEP).

3
Font: SLAC-PUB-1814, SPEAR observation of 2 jets
 JADE experiment, DESY

4
First event by TASSO (1979), DESY
Let’s suppose I have an electron-positron collider, at high energy enough to
produce jets. How can I measure alphas?

5
Thanks to the fact that αS is small at high energy, we can apply perturbative
calculations (pQCD)
ME = LO + NLO + NNLO + ...
2 examples:

6
7
Have we measured the ratio R at 380 GeV?

8
9
e p

10
small

11
 12
Why is this plot famous?
13
 x1
σij

x2

The cross section can be factorized as (factorization theorem in QCD):

Non-perturbative, parton Perturbative

densities functions (PDFs), process,
μF=factorization scale 14
universal, from fit to exps. data calculable in
pQCD
Which production mode is higher at the LHC and why?
15
16
 The Higgs boson can be produced in pp
collisions through 4 main diagrams.
The cross sections are shown as a function of the
Higgs boson mass below, here plotted at 7 TeV

LHC HIGGS XS WG 2010

pp →

σ(pp → H+X) [pb]

H (N
NLO
+ NN
s= 7 TeV
LL Q
10 CD
+ NLO
EW
)

pp →
qqH
(NNL
1 pp
→
pp
→
W
O QC
D+N
LO E
ZH H W)
(N (N
NL NL
O O
QC QC
pp D D
→ +N +N
ttH LO LO
(N EW EW
LO )
-1 )
10 QC
D)

10-2

100 200 300 400 500 1000

MH [GeV]
The bands represent the theo uncertainties as 17
calculated at the time of the discovery
Can somebody interpret this picture?

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• Tau decays (in leptons, quarks)
• Flavour experiments

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• What is the Feynman
diagram?
• Do I expect the matrix
element to be the same ?

20
 • What is the Feynman
diagram?
• Do I expect the matrix
element to be the same ?
• Why it is interesting?

• There could be some new BSM

interactions
• Other flavor anomalies observed
recently (R(K*), g-2 of the muon,
suggesting a new interaction coupling
preferably to heavier leptons 21