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1. What caused the Seven Years' War?
A) Conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley
B) A dispute between Indians and the French
C) French fur trapping along the Hudson River
D) Conflicts between New England and New France
2. What did the attack at Fort Necessity reveal about the French commitment to the Ohio
territory?
A) The French lacked the manpower to hold the territory.
B) The French had no intention of departing the disputed territory.
C) The French could not defeat General George Washington.
D) The French could not win without the help of the Mingo Indians.
3. What did Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson hope to accomplish with the
Albany Plan of Union?
A) Peace with New France
B) Separation from Parliament
C) The formation of a strong federal government
D) The creation of an Indian policy
Page 1
4. According to the inscription in “Silver Medal to Present to Indians,” who were “HAPPY
WHILE UNITED”?
A) All the European nations

B) The British and the Indians
C) The British among themselves
D) All colonists in the New World
Page 2
5. According to Map 6.2: Europe Redraws the Map of North America, 1763, which of the
following European powers had the smallest colonial presence by 1763?
A) Britain
B) France
C) The Netherlands
D) Spain
6. How did William Pitt turn the Seven Years' War in favor of the British?
A) He held successful negotiations with the Iroquois.
B) He captured of the French fortress city of Quebec.
C) He committed massive resources to the war.
D) He adopted the tactics of guerrilla warfare.
Page 3
7. Which territory did England receive in the Treaty of Paris?
A) Cuba
B) Canada
C) Martinique
D) New Orleans
8. What did the colonists learn from the Seven Years' War?
A) British soldiers expertly engaged in frontier warfare.
B) Britain's leaders welcomed their participation in political affairs.
C) British military discipline was harsh.
D) Great Britain saw little value in maintaining the American colonies.
9. What role did the Indians play in the Treaty of Paris?

A) They negotiated protection for their land in the Ohio Valley.
B) They were invited to the negotiations but won no concessions.
C) The chief Minavavana negotiated on behalf of the Indians.
D) The major European powers did not consult the Indians at all.
10. Who was credited with leading a violent rebellion against the British in 1763?
A) Minavavana
B) Jeffrey Amherst
C) Pontiac
D) The Paxton Boys
11. What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

A) To establish a permanent boundary line between Indians and colonists
B) To protect the French fur trade from assaults by colonists or Indians
C) To identify western lands as formally belonging to the Indians
D) To prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
12. Why did King George III seek to extract more money from the colonists?
A) He was displeased with the profits from colonial exports.
B) His policies were an extension of his aggressive personality.
C) He thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.
D) He wanted to punish colonists who called for independence.
Page 4
13. In an effort to generate income for England, in 1764 George Grenville initiated the
A) Currency Act.
B) Sugar Act.
C) Molasses Act.
D) Proclamation Act.
14. How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?
A) The Stamp Act was merely a revision of a previously existing tax.
B) The Stamp Act was a tax to be paid mainly by merchants and shippers.
C) The Stamp Act was enforced by British instead of American officials.
D) The Stamp Act was an internal tax that affected a great number of colonists.
15. George Grenville claimed that Americans had “virtual representation” because
A) the colonists were allowed to send delegates to the House of Commons.
B) each American colony had its own colonial assembly for governance.
C) the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were.
D) the colonists were represented in the Continental Congress.
16. Who initiated a series of resolves in Virginia in protest of the Stamp Act?
A) Samuel Adams
B) Patrick Henry
C) John Hancock
D) Ebenezer MacIntosh
17. What did the Virginia Resolves argue?

A) Colonists could not afford to pay more taxes.
B) Virginia alone had the right to tax Virginians.
C) Britain did not need more tax revenue.
D) The monarchy alone could tax Virginians.
18. What was the reaction to the Virginia Resolves?

A) Virginia's political leaders viewed them as moderate and necessary measures.
B) Few people discussed the Virginia Resolves outside of Virginia.
C) The crown adopted some of the resolves after protest from the colonists.
D) Colonists saw them as radical because newspapers printed all seven resolutions.
Page 5
19. The first street demonstrations against the Stamp Act occurred in which colony?
A) Massachusetts
B) Rhode Island
C) Pennsylvania
D) Virginia
20. What did the protests of the Sons of Liberty prove to colonists?
A) British authority would quell such riots in the future.
B) Stamp distributors were more popular than they had realized.
C) The British police force would ignore demonstrations.
D) Demonstrations could have a decisive impact on politics.
21. How did Massachusetts protestors target Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson?
A) Protestors ransacked his house until only the exterior walls stood.
B) Colonists attempted to assassinate him after he supported the Stamp Act.
C) Gangs of seamen in Boston tarred and feathered him.
D) A congressional meeting in Philadelphia called for his resignation.
22. What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress, held in New York in 1765?
A) Representatives could not agree on a unified policy.
B) It protested the enslavement of blacks in the South.
C) Delegates threatened rebellion against Britain.
D) It advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.
23. How did the British government respond to the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act?
A) It affirmed the governing power of the colonists.
B) It prepared for a long military conflict.
C) It repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766.
D) It initiated imperial restructuring.
24. How did the Declaratory Act show Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's
power to tax?
A) It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies.
B) It gave more power to the colonial governors.
C) It initiated a new series of taxes on rarely used colonial goods.
D) It gave colonists authority to legislate for themselves.
Page 6
25. In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which
A) levied an internal tax against the colonists.
B) placed new duties on imported items.
C) was an innovative form of income tax.
D) taxed building materials, such as brick and wood.
26. How did the colonists respond to the Townshend duties?

A) They argued they could not afford to pay the burdensome tax rate.
B) They resented that part of the revenue would pay royal governors' salaries.
C) They did not mind paying the external duties on trade goods.
D) They cheered the fact that it strengthened legislative government in America.
27. Which of the following was a consequence of the tea boycott, according to the
illustration “Edenton Tea Ladies”?
A) Women acting too masculine

B) Women neglecting their educations
C) Women ignoring their duties as wives
D) Widespread acceptance of interracial marriage
Page 7
28. Which of the following statements characterizes the effects of the nonimportation
agreements of 1768–69?
A) Nonimportation failed due to tensions between southern farmers and northern
organizers.
B) Merchants and consumers needed little persuasion to join the nonimportation
movement.
C) Nonimportation efforts collapsed because southern merchants refused to abandon
British goods.
D) By 1769, merchants from New England to Charleston were supporting
nonimportation.
29. The Daughters of Liberty suggested that women participate in public affairs and protest
the Townshend duties by
A) participating in nonconsumption.
B) growing their own tea plants.
C) joining men in street protests.
D) marching on the governor's mansion.
30. What was the result of the anti-British boycotts of the late 1760s?
A) British merchants made more money.
B) Imports fell by 40 percent.
C) Anti-British sentiment decreased.
D) The Sons of Liberty ceased to exist.
31. What was the Boston Massacre?

A) A riot that killed two hundred people
B) A confrontation which left a customs official dead
C) A skirmish in which five people were killed
D) A mutiny aboard British ships carrying tea
32. John Adams represented British captain Thomas Preston and his soldiers who were
involved in the Boston Massacre in order to
A) please loyalist members of his family who had grown tired of his constant protests.
B) prove that the colonists had the upper hand.
C) sabotage the trial by offering a poor defense for the soldiers and guaranteeing their
conviction.
D) show that local leaders believed even unpopular defendants deserved a fair trial.
Page 8
33. What was the result of the Boston Massacre trial?
A) All but two of the soldiers were acquitted.
B) All of the soldiers were convicted of manslaughter.
C) All of the soldiers were branded on the thumbs.
D) All but three of the soldiers served jail time.
34. Lord North removed all the Townsend duties except for the tax on
A) tea.
B) glass.
C) lead.
D) paper.
35. “[I]n short the Ministry may rely on it that Americans will never be tax'd without their
own consent that the cause of Boston the despotick Measures in respect to it I mean now
is and ever will be considerd as the cause of America (not that we approve their
cond[uc]t in destroyg the Tea) & that we shall not suffer ourselves to be sacrificed by
piecemeal though god only knows what is to become of us, threatned as we are with so
many hoverg evils as hang over us at present; having a cruel & blood thirsty Enemy
upon our Backs, the Indians, between whom & our Frontier Inhabitants many
Skirmishes have happend, & with who(m) a general War is inevitable whilst those from
whom we have a right to Seek protection are endeavouring by every piece of Art &
despotism to fix the Shackles of Slavry upon us.”
In his letter to George William Fairfax, why did George Washington bring up Indians?
A) To propose them as potential allies in the struggle for independence
B) To compare the plight of the American colonists to those of the Indians
C) To bemoan that Americans must fight Indians while also being unprotected and
oppressed by Britain
D) To suggest that the Indians are in cahoots with the British
36. According to the British, the major purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to
A) break the American boycott of tea imported from England.
B) raise more revenue to cover military costs in North America.
C) boost sales for Britain's East India Company.
D) punish the Americans for importing tea from Holland.
37. Dissenting colonists believed the real goal of the Tea Act of 1773 was to
A) start a war with the colonies.
B) put Dutch tea companies out of business.
C) demonstrate cooperation on trade.
D) pay the salaries of royal officials.
Page 9
38. The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Destruction of
the Tea, included
A) a law closing Boston harbor until the tea was paid for.
B) a new set of high internal and external tax laws.
C) a law stipulating criminals would be tried in Canada.
D) the end of spring elections of town selectmen.
39. The Quebec Act offended many Americans because

A) it denied many political rights to Roman Catholics.
B) it permitted criminal cases to be adjudicated without the use of juries.
C) it gave French Canadians unrestricted entry into New England.
D) it gave Roman Catholic Quebec control of the Ohio Valley.
40. “I observed with great concern a paragraph with the signature of 'Consideration,'
calculated to deter you from paying for the tea, a measure at this alarming juncture
highly necessary and what every REAL friend to the cause of America must think your
indispensible duty. While we contend for liberty, let us not destroy the idea of justice. A
trespass has been committed on private property in consequence of the Resolves of your
town. Restore to the sufferers the most ample compensation for the injury they have
received—convince your enemies that their property is secure in every Port on the
British Continent—Convince them that you do not regard the value of the article
destroyed—that you only deny the right of taxation. Let not the annals of your history
be sullied by a refusal—pay for the tea—it will rejoice your friends—it will convince
your adversaries that the cause you are attach'd to is a righteous and just cause.
Convince them that you regard honesty as much as liberty, and that you detest
libertinism and licentiousness. . . .”
Why did this anonymous author think that the patriots should pay for the tea lost during
the Boston Tea Party?
A) So that observers do not become distracted by the destruction of property and lose
sight of the real goal of liberty
B) Because the author disagrees with the goal of independence
C) So that the patriots could show the British that they were rich
D) Because they were wrong to destroy the tea under any circumstances
41. The “powder alarm” of September 1774 convinced Thomas Gage that
A) colonial rebellions were led by a small cadre of radicals.
B) colonists were not prepared to fight for their demands.
C) Britain had complete control over the colonies.
D) ordinary colonists would unite for armed conflict.
Page 10
42. Which colony failed to send a delegate to the First Continental Congress in
Philadelphia?
A) Rhode Island
B) New Jersey
C) Georgia
D) Pennsylvania
43. What was the purpose of the Continental Association created at the First Continental
Congress?
A) To abolish individual colonial governments
B) To enforce a staggered and limited boycott of trade
C) To share plans for resisting British oppression
D) To prepare for the possibility of war with England
44. Why did many Americans who supported the patriot cause accept the legitimacy of the
committees of public safety, the regrouped colonial assemblies, and the Continental
Congress?
A) American colonists were ready to demand independence from Britain.
B) Britain formally recognized the new governing bodies and ordered American
colonists to abide by their decisions.
C) The new governing bodies were composed of many of the same men who had held
elective office before.
D) They hoped that recognizing these new government bodies would allow them to
avoid further protest against the crown.
45. How did General Gage react to the increased violence and collapsing royal authority in
Massachusetts early in 1775?
A) He endorsed William Pitt's plan for reconciliation with the colonies.
B) He arrested the leaders of the resistance and made a show of force.
C) He requested twenty thousand additional troops from England.
D) He attempted to negotiate with the leaders of the resistance.
46. Why did General Gage plan a surprise attack on an ammunition storage site in Concord?
A) He believed that a small group in Concord was causing all colonial dissent.
B) He knew that the storage site contained all firepower in the area.
C) His intelligence revealed that the storage site would be unguarded.
D) British leaders ordered him to arrest the American troublemakers.
Page 11
47. Who fired the first shot at Lexington?
A) A British soldier
B) An American militiaman
C) A member of the Continental army
D) An unknown person
48. Following the battles of Lexington and Concord, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of
Virginia, issued a proclamation
A) promising freedom to defecting, able-bodied slaves who would fight for the
British.
B) stating that he would free any slave who volunteered to fight for the British.
C) calling for Virginians to join him in freeing their slaves to fight.
D) stating that any slave caught fighting for the British would be hanged immediately.
49. Why did the northern slave Phillis Wheatley gain national attention?
A) She led Bostonian women in promoting spinning bees.
B) She wrote popular poetry about freedom for slaves.
C) She incited slaves to rebel against the British in Boston.
D) She started the Underground Railroad to free slaves.
50. After the conclusion of the Revolutionary War, slaves who had gained their freedom by
joining the British army settled in Nova Scotia or
A) Sierra Leone.
B) Philadelphia.
C) Boston.
D) the West Indies.
Page 12
Answer Key
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. C
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. B
17. B
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. B
27. A
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. D
33. A
34. A
35. C
36. C
37. D
38. A
39. D
40. A
41. D
42. C
43. B
44. C
Page 13
45. C
46. D
47. D
48. A
49. B
50. A
Page 14
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[21] Correspondance, xviii. 225.
[22] Correspondance, xviii. 227.
[23] Armstrong to Madison, Oct. 25, 1808; MSS. State
Department Archives.
[24] Armstrong to Madison, Nov. 24, 1808; MSS. State
[25] Gallatin’s Writings, ii. 490.
[26] Armstrong to Madison, Jan. 2, 1809; MSS. State
[27] Champagny to Turreau, Dec. 10, 1808; Archives des Aff.
Étr. MSS.
[28] Turreau to Champagny, 19 March, 1809; Archives des Aff.
Étr., MSS.
[29] Erskine to Canning, March 17, 1809; MSS. British
Archives.
[30] Turreau to Champagny, 15 April, 1809; Archives des Aff.
Étr. MSS.
Étr. MSS.
Étr., MSS.
[33] Turreau to Champagny, 1 June, 1809; Archives des Aff.
Étr., MSS. Cf. Madison to Jefferson, May 1, 1809; Writings, ii.
440.
[34] Act of Geo. III. 1808; Cap. xxvi. American State Papers,
iii. 274.
[35] Pinkney to Madison, Dec. 25, 1808; Wheaton’s Pinkney.
[36] Pinkney to Canning, Dec. 28, 1808; State Papers, iii. 240.
[37] Canning to Perceval, Dec. 31, 1808; Perceval MSS.
[38] Tooke’s History of Prices, i. 274–279.
[39] Brougham to Grey, Nov. 25, 1809, Brougham’s Memoirs,
i. 417; Temple’s Courts and Cabinets, iv. 276, 283; Canning to the
Duke of Portland, March 24, 1809; Walpole’s Spencer Perceval, i.
347, 350.
[40] Canning to Erskine, Jan. 23, 1809; Cobbett’s Debates,
xvii, cxix.
[41] Pinkney to Madison, Jan. 23, 1809; Wheaton’s Pinkney, p.
420.
[42] Cobbett’s Debates, xii. 25.
[43] Cobbett’s Debates, p. 69.
423.
[45] Brief Account, etc., Jan. 23, 1809; State Papers, iii. 299.
424.
[47] Pinkney to R. Smith, June 6, 1809; State Papers, iii. 303.
[48] Canning to Erskine, Jan. 23, 1809; American State
Papers, iii. 300.
[49] Second Administration of Jefferson, vol. iv. pp. 388–389.
[50] Pinkney to R. Smith, June 23, 1809; State Papers, iii. 303.
[51] W. H. Fremantle to the Marquis of Buckingham, Feb. 16,
1809; Courts and Cabinets of George III., iv. 318.
[52] Cobbett’s Debates, xii. 771–803.
[53] Cobbett’s Debates, xiii. App. no. 2, xxxi.
[54] Order in Council of April 26, 1809; State Papers, iii. 241.
[55] Pinkney to Madison, May 3, 1809; Wheaton’s Pinkney, p.
428.
[56] Pinkney to R. Smith, May 1, 1809. MSS. State Dep.
Archives.
[57] Erskine to Canning, April 18, 1809; Cobbett’s Debates,
xvii. Appendix, cxlvii.
[58] Erskine to R. Smith, April 17, 1809; State Papers, iii. 295.
[59] Robert Smith’s Address to the People, 1811.
[60] Erskine to Canning, Aug. 3, 1809; Cobbett’s Debates, xvii.
clvi.
[61] Erskine to Canning, April 30, 1809; Aug. 7, 1809. Erskine
to Robert Smith, Aug. 14, 1809. Cobbett’s Debates, xvii. cli. clxx.
State Papers, iii. 305.
Étr. MSS.
[63] Madison to Jefferson, April 24, 1809; Madison’s Writings,
ii. 439.
[64] Annals of Congress, 1809–1810, p. 210.
[65] Madison to Jefferson, June 12, 1809; Madison’s Writings,
ii. 443.
[66] Message of June 15, 1809; State Papers, iii. 297.
[67] Madison to Jefferson, June 20, 1809; Madison’s Writings,
ii. 443.
[68] Turreau to Smith, June 14, 1809. John Graham to the
editors of the Federal Republican, Aug. 31, 1813. Niles, v. 37–40.
Étr. MSS.
[70] Ryland to Henry, May 1, 1809; State Papers, iii. 552.
[71] Canning to Erskine, May 22, 1809; Cobbett’s Debates,
xvii. App. cxxvii.
[72] Canning to Erskine, May 23, 1809; MSS. British Archives.
[73] Pinkney to Robert Smith, June 23, 1809; State Papers, iii.
303.
[74] The Courier, May 26, 1809.
[75] Erskine to Canning, Aug. 7, 1809; Cobbett’s Debates, xvii
App. clx.-clxiii.
[76] Pinkney to R. Smith, May 28, 1809; MSS. State
[77] Pinkney to Madison, Dec. 10, 1809; Wheaton’s Pinkney,
p. 434.
[78] Pinkney to R. Smith, June 23, 1809; MSS. State
[79] Bath Archives; Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson,
ii. 447.
Second Series, i. 109.
Second Series, i. 24, 46.
[82] Canning to F. J. Jackson, Nos. 1–5, July 1, 1809; MSS.
British Archives, America, vol. xcv.
[83] Gallatin to Montgomery, July 27, 1809; Adams’s Gallatin,
p. 395.
[84] Gallatin to Montgomery, July 27, 1809; Adams’s Gallatin,
p. 395.
[85] Madison to Galatin, July 28, 1809; Gallatin’s Works, i.
454.
[86] Madison to Jefferson, Aug. 3, 1809; Madison’s Works, ii.
449.
[87] Bath Archives; Second Series, i. 9.
[88] Gallatin to Madison, Sept. 11, 1809; Works i. 461.
[89] Gallatin’s Works, i. 462.
[90] F. J. Jackson to Mrs. Jackson, Oct. 7, 1809; Bath
Archives, Second Series, i. 17.
[91] Jackson to Canning, Oct. 17, 1809; MSS. British
Archives.
[92] Madison’s Works, ii. 499.
[93] Secretary of State to Mr. Jackson, Oct. 9, 1809; State
Papers, iii. 308.
Archives.
Archives.
Archives.
[97] Jackson to the Secretary of State, Oct. 23, 1809; State
Papers, iii. 315.
[98] Bath Archives, Second Series. i. 28.
[99] Armstrong to R. Smith, Feb. 16, 1809; MSS. State
[100] Armstrong to Champagny, April 29, 1809; State Papers,
iii. 324.
[101] Champagny to Decrès, 17 May, 1809; Archives des Aff.
Étr. MSS.
[102] Armstrong to R. Smith, April 27, 1809; MSS. State
[103] Correspondance, xix. 21.
[104] Champagny to Napoleon, May 26, 1809; Archives des
Aff. Étr. MSS.
[105] Napoleon to Champagny, June 10, 1809;
Correspondance, xix. 95.
[106] Champagny to Hauterive, June 13, 1809; Archives des
Aff. Étr. MSS.
[107] Armstrong to R. Smith, July 22, 1809; MSS. State
[109] Rapport a l’Empereur par le Ministre de la Marine, 7
Juin, 1809. Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS.
[110] Décret Impérial; Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS. vol. lxii.
(États Unis), pièce 166.
[114] Napoleon to Champagny, 21 August, 1809;
Correspondance, xix. 375.
[115] Correspondance de Napoléon, xix. 374; State Papers, iii.
325.
[116] Armstrong to R. Smith, Nov. 18, 1809; MSS. State
[117] Mémoires de Mollien, iii. 133–135.
[118] Bath Archives, Second Series, i. 44.
[119] Jackson to Bathurst, Nov. 16, 1809; MSS. British
Archives.
[120] Mr. Oakeley to the Secretary of State, Nov. 13, 1809;
[121] National Intelligencer, Nov. 22, 1809.
[122] Bath Archives, i. 56.
[123] Works, ii. 499.
[124] Jefferson to Gallatin, Oct. 11, 1809; Works, v. 477.
[125] Grigsby’s Tazewell, p. 87.
[126] Jefferson to Madison, Nov. 30, 1809; Works, v. 481. Cf.
Monroe to Colonel Taylor, Feb. 25, 1810; Monroe MSS. State
[127] Madison to Jefferson, Dec. 11, 1809; Works, ii. 460.
[129] Infra, chap. x.
[130] Secretary Hamilton to Joseph Anderson, June 6, 1809;
State Papers, Naval Affairs, p. 194.
[131] Wilkinson’s Memoirs, ii. 344.
[135] State Papers, Military Affairs, i. 269.
[136] State Papers, Military Affairs, i. 269.
[137] Wilkinson’s Memoirs, ii. Appendix cvii.
[138] Deposition of John Darrington, Captain Third Infantry;
State Papers, Military Affairs, i. 282.
[139] Randolph to Nicholson, Dec. 4, 1809; Nicholson MSS.
[142] Resolution approved Jan. 12, 1810; Annals of Congress,
1809–1810, p. 2590.
[144] Walter Jones to Jefferson, Feb. 19, 1810; Jefferson
MSS.
[146] Nicholson MSS.
[147] Macon to Nicholson, April 21, 1810; Nicholson MSS.
[149] Annals of Congress, 1809–1810, pp. 1855–1857.
[150] Annals of Congress, 1809–1810, pp. 1862.
[153] Nicholson MSS.
[154] Madison to Pinkney, May 23, 1810; Works, ii. 474.
[155] Madison to Jefferson, April 23, 1810; Works, ii. 472.
[159] Upham’s Life of Pickering, iv. 172.
[161] Napoleon to the Prince of Neuchatel, Dec. 19, 1809;
Correspondence, xx. 78.
[162] Napoleon to Maret, Dec. 19, 1809; Correspondance, xx.
77.
[163] Note pour le Comte de Montalivet, 16 Nov. 1809;
Correspondance, xx. 35.
[164] Napoleon to Fouché, Sept. 29, 1809; Correspondance,
xix. 535.
[165] Mémoires, iii. 134.
[166] Mémoires de Marmont, iii. 336.
[167] Note pour le Ministre de l’Intérieur, 21 Dec. 1809;
[168] Armstrong to R. Smith, Jan. 6, 1810; MSS State
[169] Armstrong to R. Smith, Jan. 10, 1810; MSS. State
Department Archives. Cf. Thiers’ Empire, xii. 45
[170] Thiers, xii. 48, 49.
[171] Thiers, xii. 50.
[172] Napolean to Champagny, Jan. 10, 1810;
[173] Armstrong to R. Smith, Jan. 28, 1810; Document G.
MSS. State Department Archives.
[174] Napoleon to Champagny, Jan. 19, 1810;
[175] Note Pour le Général Armstrong, 25 Jan., 1810.
[176] Projet de Note, Jan. 25, 1810; Correspondance, xx. 141.
[177] Armstrong to R. Smith, Feb. 25, 1810; MSS. State
[178] Armstrong to Cadore, March 10, 1810; State Papers, iii.
381.
[179] Napoleon to Cadore, March 20, 1810; Correspondance,
xx. 273.
[180] State Papers, iii. 324. See supra, p. 135.
[181] Mémoires, ii. 77.
[182] State Papers, iii. 384.
[183] Empire, xii. 45.
[184] Armstrong to R. Smith, Jan. 10, 1810; MSS. State
[185] Thiers, xii. 126.
Department Archives. Cf. Correspondance de Napoleon, xx. 450,
451, note.
[187] Thiers, xii. 117.
[188] Napoleon to Champagny, Feb. 22, 1810;
[189] Thiers, xii. 117.
[190] Napoleon to Decrès, 8 July 1810. Correspondance, xx.
450.
[191] Note, July 5, 1810; Correspondance, xx. 444.
[192] Rapport à l’Empereur, 25 Août, 1810; Archives des Aff.
Étrs. MSS.
[193] Gallatin to the Speaker, Feb. 7, 1810; State Papers,
Commerce and Navigation, i. 812.
[194] Notes pour le Ministre de l’Intérieur, 25 Juin, 1810;
[196] Napoleon to Prince Lebrun, Aug. 20, 1810;
Correspondance, xxi. 53.
[197] Napoleon to Eugene Napoleon, Sept. 19, 1810;
[198] Napoleon to Montalivet, Aug. 10, 1810;
[199] Napoleon to Montalivet, Aug. 11, 1810; Correspondance,
xxi. 35.
[200] Robert Smith to Armstrong, Dec. 1, 1810; State Papers,
iii. 326.
[201] Armstrong to Robert Smith, July 10, 1810; MSS State
[202] Napoleon to Champagny, 19 July, 1810;
[203] Napoleon to Champagny, 13 July, 1810;
[204] Correspondance, xxi. 1.
[205] Cadore to General Armstrong, Aug. 5, 1810; State
Papers, iii. 386.
[206] Notes, etc., June 25, 1810; Correspondance, xx. 431.
[207] Napoleon to Caulaincourt, July 1, 1810;
[210] Armstrong to Cadore, Sept. 7, 1810; State Papers, iii.
388.
[211] Cadore to Armstrong, Sept. 12, 1810; State Papers, iii.
388.
[212] Gallatin to J. Q. Adams, Sept. 15, 1821; Gallatin’s
Writings, ii. 196.
[214] Rapport à l’Empereur, Août, 1810; Archives des Aff. Étr.
MSS. vol. lxiv. pièce 81.
[215] Armstrong to Pinkney, Sept. 29, 1810; State Papers, iii.
386.
[216] Memoirs of R. Plumer Ward, i. 424.
[217] Buckingham Memoirs, iv. 390.
[218] Wellington to Wellesley, Oct. 5, 1809; Supplementary
Despatches, vi. 386.
[220] Pinkney to Wellesley, Jan. 2, 1810; State Papers, iii.
352.
[222] Cobbett’s Debates, Nov. 30, 1812; xxiv. 33, 34.
[224] Cobbett’s Debates, xvii. 742.
[225] Armstrong to Pinkney, Jan. 25, 1810; State Papers, iii.
350.
[226] Pinkney to Wellesley, Feb. 15, 1810; State Papers, iii.
350.
[227] Wellesley to Pinkney, March 2, 1810; State Papers, iii.
350.
[228] Pinkney to Wellesley, March 7, 1810; State Papers, iii.
350.
[229] Wellesley to Pinkney, March 26, 1810; State Papers, iii.
356.
[230] Pinkney to Armstrong, April 6, 1810; State Papers, iii.
355.
[231] Pinkney to Wellesley, April 30, 1810; State Papers, iii.
357.
[232] Memorandum; Supplementary Despatches, vii. 264.
[233] Cf. Lewis’s Administrations, 323, note.
[235] Statement, etc.; Cobbett’s Debates, xxiii. 367, note.
[236] Pellew’s Sidmouth, ii. 507.
[237] Walpole’s Perceval, ii. 114.
[238] Wellington’s Supplementary Despatches, vi. 583.
[239] Tooke’s History of Prices.
[240] Pinkney to Robert Smith, Aug. 14, 1810; State Papers,
iii. 363.
[241] Memorandum; Supplementary Despatches of Lord
Wellington, vii. 266.
[243] Wellesley to Pinkney, Aug. 31, 1810; State Papers, iii.
366.
[244] Pinkney to Wellesley, Sept. 21, 1810; State Papers, iii.
368.
[246] Statement, etc., Dec. 16, 1811; State Papers, Commerce
and Navigation, i. 876.
[247] Gallatin to the Speaker, Feb. 6, 1811; State Papers,
Commerce and Navigation, i. 866.
[248] Statement, etc., Dec. 16, 1811; State Papers, Commerce
and Navigation, i. 929.
[249] Statement, etc., Feb. 28, 1812; State Papers,
Commerce and Navigation, ii. 542–552.
[250] Report on the Finances, Nov. 25, 1811; State Papers,
Finance, ii. 495.
[255] Cf. Speech of Mr. Eppes, Feb. 2, 1811; Annals of
Congress, 1810–1811, 866.
[256] Robert Smith to Armstrong, Nov. 2, 1810; State Papers,
iii. 389.
[257] Works, ii. 484.
[258] Turreau to Champagny, 1 November, 1810 (No. 1);
Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS.
[259] Turreau to Champagny, 2 November, 1810 (No. 6);
Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS.
[262] Madison to Jefferson, Oct. 19, 1810; Works, ii, 484.
[263] Proclamation, etc., Oct. 27, 1810; State Papers, iii. 397.
[264] Secretary of State to Governor Claiborne, Oct. 27, 1810;
[265] Secretary of State to Governor Holmes, Nov. 15, 1810;
[266] Turreau to Champagny, 1 Nov. 1810 (No. 2); Archives
des Aff. Étr. MSS.
[267] Morier to Robert Smith, Dec. 15, 1810; State Papers, iii.
399.
[268] Speech of Mr. Tallmadge of Connecticut, Jan. 23, 1811;
Annals of Congress, 1810–1811, p. 784.
[269] Speech of Jonathon Fisk of New York, Jan. 17, 1811;
Annals of Congress, 1810–1811, p. 612.
[270] Adam’s Gallatin, p. 598.
[271] Adam’s Gallatin, p. 430.
[272] Address to Constituents; Annals of Congress, 1815–
1816, p. 1193.
[274] Robert Smith’s Address to the People, June 7, 1811.
[275] Serurier to Maret, Feb. 17 1811; archives des. Aff. Étr.
MSS.
[277] Madison to Jefferson, March 18, 1811; Works, ii. 490.
[278] Address to the People of the United States, by Robert
Smith, 1811.
[279] Jefferson to Madison, Sept. 27, 1810; Works, v. 548.
[280] Adams’s Gallatin, p. 430.
[281] Macon to Nicholson, Feb. 20, 1811; Nicholson MSS.
[285] Adams’s Randolph, p. 243.
[286] Monroe to Randolph, Feb. 13, 1811; Monroe MSS.
[287] Monroe to Tazewell, Feb. 6, 1811; Monroe MSS.
[288] Colonel Taylor to Monroe, March 24, 1811; Monroe MSS.
State Department Archives.
[289] Adams’s Gallatin, p. 435; Gallatin’s Writings, i. 497.
[290] Madison to Monroe, March 26, 1811; Monroe MSS State
[291] Serurier to Champagny, March 26, 1811; Archives des
Aff. Étr. MSS.
[294] Russell to Robert Smith, Dec. 4, 1810; MSS. State
[295] Russell to Pinkney, Dec. 1, 1810; State Papers, iii. 390.
[296] Russell to Cadore, Dec. 10, 1810; State Papers, iii. 391.
[297] Napoleon to Champagny, Dec. 13, 1810;
Correspondance xxi. 316.
[298] Smith to Armstrong, Nov. 2, 1810; State Papers, iii. 389.
[299] Russell to Cadore, Dec. 17, 1810; MSS. State
[300] Russell to Robert Smith, Dec. 29, 1810; MSS. State
[301] Russell to Pinkney, Dec. 30, 1810; State Papers, iii. 417.
[302] Russell to Robert Smith, Jan. 28, 1811; MSS. State
[303] Russell to Robert Smith, Feb. 13, 1811; MSS. State
[305] Ibid.
[306] Champagny to Serurier, Feb. 9, 1811; Archives des Aff.
Étr. MSS.
[307] Russell to Robert Smith, March 15, 1811; MSS. State
[309] Russell to Robert Smith, April 4, 1811; MSS. State
Department Archives. Cf. Thiers’s Empire, xiii. 27–33.
[310] Robert Smith to Russell, March 5, 1811; MSS. State
[311] Maret, Duc de Bassano; Par Ernouf., 285–299.
[312] Note dictée en Conseil, 29 avril, 1811; Correspondance
xxii 122.
[313] Duke of Bassano to Mr. Russell, May 4, 1811; State
Papers, iii. 505.
[314] Russell to J. S. Smith, May 10, 1811; State Papers, iii.
502.
[315] Russell to Bassano, May 11, 1811; State Papers, iii. 506.
[316] Russell to Monroe, July 13, 1811; MSS. State
[317] Napoleon to Maret, Aug. 23, 1811; Correspondance, xxii.
432.
[318] Napoleon to Maret, Aug. 28, 1811; Correspondance, xxii.
448.
[319] J. Q. Adams to R. Smith, Oct. 4, 1809; MSS. State
[320] J. Q. Adams to R. Smith, Oct. 26, 1809; MSS. State
[321] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Dec. 26, 1809, ii. 83, 87. Adams to
R. Smith, Jan. 7, 1810; MSS. State Department Archives.
[322] Diary, ii. 88.
[323] Adams to R. Smith, April 19, 1810; MSS. State
[324] Thiers’s Empire, xiii. 56.
[325] Diary, ii. 143–160. Adams to R. Smith, Sept. 5, 1810;
MSS. State Department Archives.
[326] Diary, Oct. 9, 1810, ii. 180–181. Adams to R. Smith, Oct.
12, 1810; MSS. State Department Archives.
[327] Correspondance, xxi. 233, 234.
[328] Napoleon to Champagny, Nov. 4, 1810;
[329] Cadore to Kourakine, 2 Dec., 1810; Correspondance,
xxi. 297.
[330] Armstrong to Smith, Sept. 10, 1810; MSS. State
[331] Adams to Robert Smith, Dec. 17, 1810; MSS. State
[332] Adams to Robert Smith, Jan. 27, 1811; MSS. State
[333] Napoleon to Alexander, Feb. 28, 1811; Correspondance,
xxi. 424.
[334] Diary, Feb. 15, 1811, ii. 226.
[335] Adams to Robert Smith, Feb. 12, 1811; MSS. State
[336] Napoleon to Champagny, April 1, 1811;
Correspondance, xxii. 3.
[337] Napoleon to Champagny, April 5, 1811;
Correspondance, xxii. 28.
[338] Napoleon to Maret, July 15, 1811; Correspondance, xxii.
327.
[339] Adams to Monroe, July 22, 1811; MSS. State
[340] Napoleon to Maret, Aug. 25, 1811; Correspondence, xxii.
441.
[341] Napoleon to Alquier, Dec. 22, 1810; Correspondance,
xxi. 328.
[342] Napoleon to Champagny, March 25, 1811;
[344] Napoleon to Maret, Nov. 3, 1811; Correspondance, xxii.
552.
[345] Monroe to Barlow, July 26, 1811; State Papers, iii. 510.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected

silently.
2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.
3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have

been retained as in the original.
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