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Marketing Management, 4e (Winer/Dhar)
Chapter 7 Product Decisions
1) The huge success of Heinz Ketchup's plastic squeeze bottles is an example of differentiation
on the basis of:
A) product features.
B) product quality.
C) packaging.
D) product design.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
2) When a company dramatically changes its product's packaging, most likely, it's main objective
is to:
A) reduce costs.
B) differentiate its products from its competitors.
C) increase the production output.
D) increase shelf presence.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 179
3) Company names which are brands and have meaning to customers are known as:
A) corporate parent brands.
B) corporate brands.
C) sub-brands.
D) co-brands.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
4) In cases where the individual brand name is associated with the corporate brand name, it is
known as:
A) ingredient brands.
B) corporate parent brands.
C) distinct product brands.
D) co-brands.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
7) Often, individual brand names are separate and distinct from the corporate brand. For
example, Crest is not marketed with the Proctor & Gamble name. These brands are known as:
A) distinct product brands.
B) umbrella brands.
C) ingredient brands.
D) co-brands.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
9) When a company uses "house of brands" strategy, the brands introduced by the company are
known as:
A) co-brands.
B) corporate parent brands.
C) ingredient brands.
D) distinct product brands.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
10) Often, two independent companies will cooperate to have both brands highlighted in a
product. These are known as:
A) corporate parent brands.
B) distinct product brands.
C) brand extensions.
D) co-brands.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
2
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
11) When a company uses "house of brands" strategy, the brands introduced by the company are
known as:
A) co-brands.
B) corporate parent brands.
C) ingredient brands.
D) distinct product brands.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
15) Patents and trademarks are valuable to products and services dimensions. Which dimension
of brand equity do they fall under?
A) brand associations
B) other brand assets
C) perceived quality
D) brand awareness
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 181
3
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
16) Brand loyalty is a component of:
A) brand equity.
B) brand awareness.
C) perceived quality.
D) brand associations .
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 181
18) The main variable that determines the extent to which brand equity can be transferred to the
extension is called:
A) association.
B) adaptability.
C) match.
D) fit.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
19) Which of the following is one of the main considerations for the fit of an extension to the
parent brand category?
A) transferability of the associations
B) the simplicity of the logo
C) the extent to which people are aware of the brand
D) the amount of money invested in brand building
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
20) Which of the following is most likely to be the reason due to which the Logitech brand
transferred well from mice to trackballs?
A) simplicity of the product
B) transferability of the symbol
C) transferability of the associations
D) high level of brand awareness
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
4
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21) With reference to global marketing, identify the example that best explains the term
"consumer convergence."
A) Population growth rates have stabilized and the population over age 65 is increasing.
B) The increasing numbers of women working outside the home has led to more nontraditional
meals and increased need for convenience.
C) Aging populations, falling birth rates, and increased female employment are common in
industrialized countries.
D) Upscale consumers in Paris have more in common with their counterparts in New York than
with many other French people.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186
22) With reference to global marketing, identify the example that best explains the term "cultural
convergence."
A) Teenagers in Tokyo, London, and San Francisco dress and talk similarly and buy the same
kinds of products.
B) Population growth rates have stabilized and the population over age 65 is increasing.
C) Aging populations, falling birth rates, and increased female employment are common in
industrialized countries.
D) The increasing numbers of women working outside the home has led to more nontraditional
meals and increased need for convenience.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186
23) Which of the following is one of the objections to global marketing perspective?
A) It increases the cost of the product.
B) It is difficult to implement.
C) It reduces profit margin of the product.
D) It requires systematic analysis of customers in each market.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
24) Which of the following describes how a local firm could defend its local market against a
global company?
A) It should reduce its price and begin competing on price differentiation.
B) It should emphasize its home country or ethnic origin.
C) It should increase advertising expenditures and continue with the same message as before.
D) It should increase its research and development expenditure and enhance its product.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
25) A study has identified four different segments of consumers that exist with respect to their
attitudes towards global brands. Identify the largest segment.
A) global dreamers
B) global citizens
C) antiglobals
D) global agnostics
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
26) Identify the consumer segment that are highly interested in global brands and are less
concerned about the companies' social responsibility.
A) global dreamers
B) global citizens
C) antiglobals
D) global agnostics
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
27) Identify the consumer segment who judge all products by the same criteria and do not give
the global dimension any additional weight beyond other characteristics.
A) global dreamers
B) global citizens
C) antiglobals
D) global agnostics
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
29) For global brand ranking purposes, Interbrand has defined global brands as brands selling at
least ________ outside of their home country.
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
30) Which of the following statements is true regarding the mature stage of high-tech products?
A) customer knowledge is low
B) perceived brand differences are small
C) marketing tactics are promotion oriented
D) marketing tactics are not given priority
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 188
31) In high-technology companies, there is an inordinate focus on the technology and product
features rather than the customer and the benefits sought because:
A) products sell better with focus on technology than with focus on customers.
B) high-technology companies are usually founded and run by engineers.
C) these companies invest huge amounts in innovation and have the ability to create entire
product classes.
D) they believe that customers are not aware of the technological innovations that they are
capable of.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189
32) A company is typically considered as a(n) ________ when it uses a supplier's component in
its own finished product.
A) broker
B) distributor
C) original equipment manufacturer
D) value-added seller
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189
33) Which of the following examples best describe co-branding in high-tech markets?
A) the "Human Network" campaign by Cisco system
B) the "Intel Inside" promotion
C) SAP sponsoring Grand Prix Formula One racing
D) the "iPod people" campaign by Apple Inc.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189
7
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
35) Well-known, heavily supported brands made and distributed by large, often global
companies are known as:
A) generics.
B) value brands.
C) private labels.
D) national brands.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
36) Coke and Sony are well-known, heavily supported, and distributed by global companies.
They are examples of:
A) national brands.
B) value brands.
C) private labels.
D) generic brands.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
37) Which of the following brands is most likely to carry a retailer's chain name?
A) generics
B) value brands
C) private labels
D) national brands
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
39) Which of the following types of brands are also known as store brands?
A) generics
B) value brands
C) private labels
D) national brands
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
8
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
40) Which of the following statements is true regarding a private label brand?
A) It is sometimes called as an exclusive brand.
B) It is usually the low-priced option in the category.
C) Stores often make lower margins on private-label brands.
D) Retail stores devote huge marketing funds to support private labels.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
41) Which of the following is one of the two largest markets for private-label grocery items
outside the United States?
A) South Africa
B) Brazil
C) China
D) Australia
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
42) Some companies manufacture and sell both their own brand as well as a private-label brand.
What is the greatest risk to the company by pursuing this strategy?
A) lack of cost control
B) cannibalizing its own brand
C) poor capacity utilization
D) competition with a leading brand
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
43) ________ is one of the two approaches to measuring brand equity and these represent how
customers have actually responded to the brand.
A) Response measures
B) Intermediate measures
C) Psychological measures
D) Behavioral measures
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194
44) Which of the following approaches to measuring brand equity are measures of how the brand
is represented psychologically in the minds of the customers?
A) response measures
B) intermediate measures
C) psychological measures
D) behavioral measures
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194
9
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
45) According to the Brand Asset Valuator (BAV) model, which of the following is one of the
key dimensions of brand equity?
A) sophistication
B) excitement
C) competence
D) differentiation
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195
46) A perceptual map that contains both brand spatial locations as well as consumer perceptions
of their ideal brand is known as:
A) joint space.
B) multidimensional scaling.
C) biplots.
D) markov chain.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195
47) Identify the approach that develops perceptual maps based only on customer-based
judgments of brand similarity.
A) cluster analysis
B) preference regression
C) multidimensional scaling
D) canonical correlation
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195
49) When companies reposition their products and themselves as "green," they are trying to
indicate that:
A) they are socially and environmentally conscious.
B) their products are of best quality.
C) they provide the best "value" for money.
D) their products are for upper class customers.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 198
10
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
50) Greenwashing refers to:
A) making false claims regarding the product quality.
B) introducing environmental friendly products.
C) misleading consumers about a product's environmental benefits.
D) competing in the market on the basis of price alone.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 198
51) Which of the following statements is true regarding the early stages of the product life cycle?
A) competition is generic
B) there are several competitors
C) products are positioned against a particular competitor
D) positioning decisions focus more on differentiating benefits and features
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 198
52) Which of the following best describes the strategy where product variants are developed to
appeal to different segments of the market or to satisfy customers' needs for variety?
A) production line strategy
B) product line strategy
C) customer line strategy
D) competitor line strategy
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 199
53) When the elements of a product line appeal to different segments of the market with different
characteristics, a ________ approach can be used for analyzing such a product line.
A) portfolio
B) market segment
C) market share
D) market growth
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 200
54) According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, when the market growth of a
product is low but the relative market share is high, it is known as a:
A) cash cow.
B) dog.
C) star.
D) problem child.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
11
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
55) According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, when both market growth and the
relative market share of a product is low, it is known as a:
A) cash cow.
B) dog.
C) star.
D) problem child.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
56) According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, when the market growth of a
product is high but the relative market share is low, it is known as a:
A) cash cow.
B) dog.
C) star.
D) problem child.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
57) According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, when both market growth and
relative market share of a product is high, it is known as a:
A) cash cow.
B) dog.
C) star.
D) problem child.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
58) Products falling under one category of the BCG matrix are most likely to be eliminated.
Identify this category.
A) cash cows
B) dogs
C) stars
D) problem children
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
59) In the BCG matrix, identify the category of products that are net users of cash because they
need money to make product improvements to compete in the lucrative, high-growth segment.
A) cash cows
B) dogs
C) stars
D) problem children
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 201
12
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
60) Which of the following products need cash to maintain their market leadership position but
they are also generating some because of the high margins they can maintain?
A) cash cows
B) dogs
C) stars
D) problem children
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202
61) ________ refers to a process whereby a company takes a product or service that is widely
marketed and perhaps offered in many different configurations and develops a system for
customizing it to each customer's specifications.
A) Greenwashing
B) Cannibalization
C) Customerization
D) Cloning
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202
63) Identify the approach to mass customization where customizers talk to customers to help
determine their needs, identify the exact product meeting those needs, and then make the
customized product for them.
A) collaborative customizers
B) adaptive customizers
C) cosmetic customizers
D) transparent customizers
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
64) ________ offer one standard but a customizable product that is designed so users can alter it
to their own specifications.
A) Collaborative customizers
B) Adaptive customizers
C) Cosmetic customizers
D) Transparent customizers
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
13
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
65) ________ present a standard product differently to each customer.
A) Collaborative customizers
B) Adaptive customizers
C) Cosmetic customizers
D) Transparent customizers
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
66) ________ provide each customer with unique products or services without telling them that
the products have been customized for them.
A) Collaborative customizers
B) Adaptive customizers
C) Cosmetic customizers
D) Transparent customizers
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
67) Every time you visit a Web site, information about you is collected by that and can be
ultimately used to target specific messages. Some of this information is collected by what is
called a:
A) javascript.
B) cache.
C) cookie.
D) html.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
68) ________ takes place when the sales for a new element of a product line are not entirely new
rather it is taken away from an existing element of the line.
A) Greenwashing
B) Cannibalization
C) Customerization
D) Cloning
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 204
69) Brand names separate from the corporate brand are known as corporate parent brands.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 176
14
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
71) Brands provide expectations of quality, risk reduction, and prestige.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
73) When two independent companies cooperate to have both brands highlighted in a product it
is known as corporate parent branding.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
74) When the corporate brand is carried with individual product names it is known as co-
branding.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
76) High awareness among the target audience is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition
for high equity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 182
79) A key issue with brand extensions is whether the new product with the successful brand
name can potentially harm the "parent" brand if the extension is a flop.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
80) Differences between nations are often less than differences within nations.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
15
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
81) The concept of global marketing is similar to market or customer orientation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
82) Global marketing is based on a systematic analysis of customer behavior in each market.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
83) Consumers which fall under the global agnostics segment rely on the global success of a
company to signal its product quality and innovativeness.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 187
84) As high-tech products mature, the marketing strategies employed are very different from
those for other products in the mature or decline stage of the life cycle.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 188
85) Research has found that, similar to human relationships, people find comfort and satisfaction
with brands to which they are loyal.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 192
86) Retail stores often make lower margins on private-label brands because of their lower prices.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 193
87) Product positioning is an activity that takes the value proposition and puts it to work in the
marketplace by planting the competitive advantage in the minds of customers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195
88) Multidimensional scaling is a perceptual map that contains both brand spatial locations as
well as consumer perceptions of their ideal brand.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 195
89) The notion of developing different product features for different segments is particularly
appealing for manufactured products.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 199
16
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
90) At the maturity of the product life cycle, competition is generic and the job of the marketing
manager is to convince potential customers that the new product satisfies their needs better than
an existing substitute.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 198
91) When sales for a new element of the line are not entirely incremental and come from an
existing element of the line, it is known as cannibalization.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 200
92) Too many cash cows means considerable revenue generation but no future.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202
93) Too many products in the upper quadrants implies significant cash flow requirements that are
not being met.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 202
94) Cosmetic customizers provide each customer with unique products or services without
telling them that the products have been customized for them.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
95) A group of closely related products offered by a company is called the product line.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 204
17
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
98) Define brand equity and list the assets and liabilities underlying brand value.
Answer: Brand equity is a set of assets (and liabilities) linked to a brand's name and symbol that
adds to (or subtracts from) the value provided by a product or service to a firm or that firm's
customers.
The assets and liabilities underlying brand value fall into following five categories:
a. Brand loyalty
b. Brand awareness
c. Perceived quality
d. Brand associations
e. Other brand assets
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
99) Discuss how you would build strong brands over time.
Answer:
a. Create brand identity
b. Be consistent over time
c. Track the equity
d. Assign responsibility for brand development activities
e. Invest in brands
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 183
100) List the main considerations for the "fit" of a brand extension to the parent brand category.
Answer:
a. Transferability of the associations
b. Complementarity of the product
c. Similarity of the users
d. Transferability of the symbol
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
101) In the early 1980s Theodore Levitt, seeing dramatic improvements in telecommunications,
was the first person to call for a truly global approach to marketing. The first company to pick up
his ideas was London-based Saatchi & Saatchi, an advertising agency. Discuss S&S's rationale
for global marketing.
Answer:
a. Consumer convergence
b. Demographic convergence
c. Decline of the nuclear family
d. The changing role of women
e. Static populations
f. Higher living standards
g. Cultural convergence
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 186
18
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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