1

2
HAL 9000
(Heuristic-Algorithmic)

3
EARLY RESEARCH ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

LATER DEVELOPMENT

AI IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

o PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE & FAULT

DIAGNOSIS
o DRONES

FUTURE OF AI IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

o AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) AND VIRTUAL

REALITY (VR)
o ADVANCED ROBOTICS
o IoT INTEGRATION
o SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
o ENHANCED SAFETY PROTOCOLS

4
In 1956, John McCarthy a.k.a “THE FATHER OF A.I” coined the term "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE”.
The objective was to explore ways to make a machine that could reason like a human, was
capable of abstract thought, problem-solving and self-improvement.

In 1959 Minsky and McCarthy co-founded the Artificial Intelligence Project (now the MIT
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory)

Isaac Asimov was a prolific science fiction writer, best known for his works on robotics
and futuristic science. His famous "Robot" series profoundly influenced the way robotics
are perceived in popular culture and had a lasting impact on the field of robotics and
Artificial intelligence.

5
"Three Laws of Robotics (AI)" which are designed to ensure the safety of humans in a world increasingly
dependent on robots (AI). These laws are:

1. A robot (AI) may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

2. A robot (AI) must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with
the First Law.

3. A robot (AI) must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or
Second Law.
 Integrated
AI

Artificial Artificial
Composite
AI General Augmented
AI
Intelligence

Narrow AI (Machine Learning,

Conversational AI, Deep Learning,
Computer Vision)

7
 Category Description Examples/Sub-categories

Narrow Artificial Intelligence involves creating systems that can

perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. It includes
learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language Machine Learning, Conversational AI, Deep
Narrow AI understanding. Learning, Computer Vision

A subset of AI that involves algorithms allowing computers to

Machine Learning learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data. Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

This AI technology powers the ability of computers to

communicate naturally. It's used to automate communication
Conversational AI and create personalized customer experiences. Chatbots, Virtual Assistants

A class of machine learning based on artificial neural networks

with representation learning. Deep learning can analyze large
Deep Learning amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, and sound. Image and Speech Recognition

AI that trains computers to interpret and understand the visual

world. Machines can accurately identify and classify objects—
and then react to what they "see" using digital images from
Computer Vision cameras, videos, and deep learning models. Facial Recognition, Autonomous Vehicles
8
 Category Description Examples/Sub-categories
Refers to the integration of various AI technologies to
handle complex problems. It combines different AI
components, like ML models and rule-based systems, to
enhance decision-making and problem-solving
Composite AI capabilities. Healthcare diagnostics, Advanced robotics

The systematic combination of multiple AI technologies

into a cohesive system that enhances functionality and
efficiency. It involves synchronizing various AI Smart manufacturing, Autonomous driving
Integrated AI components to work together seamlessly. systems

Enhances traditional AI systems by integrating them with

additional technologies or data sources to improve
performance and adaptability. It aims to extend AI's Enhanced predictive maintenance, Real-
Artificial Augmented AI capabilities in real-world applications. time data analysis

AI that has the ability to understand, learn, and apply

intelligence across a broad range of tasks that a human
can do. AGI is highly adaptable and flexible, capable of
Artificial General reasoning, problem-solving, and strategic thinking similar
Intelligence to humans. Theoretical research, Human-like robots9
Benefits of using AI

Area Commercial Benefits

Improves predictability, Improves accuracy, Improves

efficiencies, Accelerates decision making, Improves service
Planning, operations, management recovery, Automates repetitive tasks

Enables more complex problem solving, Identifies hidden

Problem solving patterns, Generates options for scenario planning

Improves what-if analysis, Improves customer service, Enables

Customer service and experience self-service

Powers higher volumes, Helps reduce emissions, Identifies

Sustainability areas for improvement

10
Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms

• Support Vector Machines (SVM)

• k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN)
• Naive Bayes
• Random forest
• Neural networks

11
Large Language Model (LLM) & Natural Language Processing
In 2017, Vaswani and team unveiled a groundbreaking paper titled "Attention Is All You Need" at the NeurIPS conference,
introducing the original transformer architecture. This innovation, designed for machine translation, outperformed the
conventional models both in terms of accuracy and speed.

An LLM is a neural network that contains billions of parameters and uses deep learning algorithms to mimic human
understanding and teach itself

Generative AI means that it generates something new based on a pattern it’s observed from the data it was provided

GPT-3 +
BERT +
GPT-3 BERT XLNet T5 RoBERTa Parallel
Processing

12
13
AI ECOSYSTEM – FULL INTEGRATION
•Digital and Mobile Maintenance Documentation

•Maintenance Planning / Systems of Record

•Electronic Tech Log / Electronic Logbook

•Digital Records Management

•Asset Lifecycle Optimization / Leasing

•Proactive and Predictive Maintenance / Health Management

14
AI in Predictive Maintenance (Reliability centered, maintenance (RCM)-based
applications)

15
Automated Fault Diagnosis by using Machine Learning
Algorithm

LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL & NLP

End User 16
DEVELOPED BY :
ICF
AVIATAR REALIABILTY SUITE (T-REX)
AIRBUS SKYWISE CORE + PALANTIR
BOEING’S INSIGHT ACCELARATOR
QOCO SYSTEMS

17
Aircraft Inspections by using AI enabled drones

The integration of drone technology for

maintenance tasks represents a leap

forward for the airline, helping speed up

exterior inspections on wide-body

aircraft utilizing ultra-high-resolution

cameras with the capability to reach

every angle of the aircraft to detect

surface imperfections. The imagery and

data collected becomes the basis of

highly detailed reports, allowing far

greater precision and helping with audits

of future inspections.

18
Lightning Strike Damage Inspection (Credit: easyJet):
The topmost use of UAVs in hangars currently is direct visual inspection of lightning-strike damage. EasyJet is
currently experimenting with UAVs to inspect fuselages after known or suspected damage. Manual inspection after
a lightning strike takes 4-6 hr., whereas the use of a drone could inspect in 30 min.

Scheduled Maintenance:
UAVs could potentially be used for scheduled maintenance. Between heavy maintenance, the drone could scan fuselages
and plan repairs, or scan fuselages before lease checks to ensure parts are in proper condition. Blue Bear Systems developed
an entire system to aid in fuselage inspection for engineers. Its Riser UAV and onboard sensors could manage databases, so
engineers can quickly survey inspection results. Here's the text from the image you uploaded:

Automating Detection of Defects:

One innovation UAV companies are working on is the ability to automate detection of defects. SITA Onair is currently asking airlines for
libraries of digital images of defects in order to catalog and compare with the results of UAV images. The UAV images are geolocated. They
can be stored in the cloud for video recognition, enabling engineers to pinpoint potential damage for later visual inspection.

Delivery of Spare Parts:

Blue Bear Systems Research, which currently works with EasyJet on the inspection of UAVs, believes that unmanned aircraft can eventually
be used to deliver spare parts. This would cut down on time in the hangar and allow for a more-efficient repair.

19
 FUTURE OF AI IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

o AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) AND VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)

o ADVANCED ROBOTICS
o IoT INTEGRATION
o SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
o ENHANCED SAFETY PROTOCOLS

CONCLUSION

AI's role in aircraft maintenance is a testament to the transformative impact of technology in industry. As AI continues to

evolve, its potential to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability in aircraft maintenance will only grow. The industry stands

on the brink of a technological revolution that will redefine aircraft maintenance standards worldwide.

20
References
1. Automated Failure Diagnosis in Aviation Maintenance Using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
432_Document_Upload_1572_1_10_20180701.pdf (utwente.nl)

2. Aircraft IT Aircraft IT MRO – Winter 2019 (Teaching machines to better identify chronic defects & Artificial Intelligence

3. Applications and Advanced Analytics in Aviation Operation )

4. Aircraft IT: Digital twins, AI, mobile apps and drones (aircraftit.com)

5. Artificial Intelligence Applications and Advanced Analytics in Aviation Operation by Ricardo V.Pilon

6. Applying Generative AI to Your Mission Data (aircraftit.com)

7. Current Trends in the Predictice Maintenance After-Market (aircraftit.com)

8. Attention is All you Need (neurips.cc)

9. Prompt Engineering ; The Future Of Language Generation Michael Ferguson Published by Michael Ferguson, 2023

10. Emirates and Boeing partner to advance aircraft maintenance with digitally focused solutions
21
11. Top 4 Uses For Drones In Aircraft Maintenance | Aviation Week Network