power quality questions

4th year

1. Which one is a set of electrical boundaries that allows a 1.

7. The CBEMA power quality graph plots the depth of
piece of equipment to function in its intended manner
voltage sags on the ________ axis against the duration of
without significant loss of performance or life expectancy.
voltage sags on the ________ axis.
(A) Power field (B) Power system
(A) horizontal, vertical
(C) Power factor (D) Power quality
(B) vertical, horizontal
...
(C) Both
2. The parameters that define the quality of electrical (D) None of these
power.
...
(A) Voltage (B) Current
(C) Frequency (D) All of these 8. Cause of power interruption
(A) Power system faults
...
(B) Equipment failure
3. Full form of IEEE. (C) Cascading failure
(A) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (D) All of the above
(B) Indian Electrical and Electronics Engineers
...
(C) Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
(D) None of these 9. Two identical devices or pieces of equipment might
react differently to the same power quality parameters
...
due to
4. It is possible that good power for one piece of (A) Component tolerance
equipment could be bad power for another one. (B) Differences in their manufacturing
(A) Can not say (B) Yes (C) Both
(C) No (D) None of these (D) None of these
...
...
5. Types of electrical transients that occur in power
10. Which one ensures that any fault current likely
system.
imposed on a metal part will be safely conducted to
(A) Impulsive transient
ground or other grid systems serving as ground
(B) Oscillatory transient
(A) Grounding (B) Bonding
(C) Both
(C) Coupling (D) Isolation
(D) None of these
... ...

6. Range of high frequency oscillatory transient. 11. The DVR is a ______ connected power electronic
(A) Less than 5 kHz device used to inject ________ of required magnitude and
(B) 5 to 500 kHz frequency.
(C) 0.5 to 5 MHz (A) series, voltage (B) series, current
(D) None of these (C) shunt, voltage
(D) shunt, current
12. DSTATCOM is a _____ connected device designed to 17. Which one indicates the deviation of a periodic wave
regulate the _______ either by generating or absorbing the from its ideal waveform characteristics.
reactive power. (A) Noise
(A) series, voltage (B) Distortion
(B) shunt, voltage (C) Flicker
(C) series, current (D) Distortion factor
(D) shunt, current
...
...
18. The presence of a DC _______ in an AC power system is
13. Which is one means by which energy or electrical noise termed as DC offset.
can couple from one electrical circuit to another. (A) voltage
(A) Reactance (B) current
(B) Capacitance (C) voltage or current
(C) Inductance (D) none of these
(D) Resistance
...
...
19. Ratio of the RMS of the harmonic content of a periodic
14. Which is the process by which energy or electrical noise wave to the RMS of the fundamental content of the wave,
in one circuit can be transferred to another circuit that expressed as a percent. This is called as
may or may not be electrically connected to it. (A) crest factor
(A) Bonding (B) distortion factor
(B) Grounding (C) power factor
(C) Isolation (D) form factor
(D) Coupling
...
...
20. Voltage fluctuation is an ________ phenomenon.
15. Ratio between the peak value and the root mean (A) electric
square (RMS) value of a periodic waveform is called as (B) electromagnetic
_______. (C) magnetic
(A) Distortion factor (D) none of these
(B) Power factor
(C) Form factor ...
(D) Crest factor 21. Variation of input voltage sufficient in duration to allow
... visual observation of a change in electric light source
intensity is called as _______.
16. Voltage imbalance is a condition in which the three- (A) harmonics
phase voltage differ in (B) distortion
(A) amplitude (C) noise
(B) angle (D) flicker
(C) both
(D) none of these ...

.. ...
22. Ratio between the RMS value and the average value of 28. The diversity factor is:-
a periodic waveform. This is called as _______. (A) (Average demand)/(Maximum load on the station)
(A) form factor (B) crest factor (B) (Sum of consumers maximum demand)/(Maximum
(C) power factor (D) fill factor load on the station)
(C) (Average demand)/(Maximum demand)
... (D) (Maximum demand)/(Sum of consumers maximum
23. Number of complete cycles of a periodic wave in a unit demand)
time, usually 1 sec is known as ________. ...
(A) amplitude
(B) phase difference 29. Harmonics in the system can do
(C) time-period (A) Can cause increase in resonance
(D) frequency (B) Increase loss in capacitances, noises
(C) Make relays maloperate
...
(D) All of the above
24. Which one of the following device is used for improving 30. Factors affecting voltage sag:-
the power factor of the system:- (A) Line to ground faults
(A) series reactor (B) Sudden change in load voltage
(B) shunt reactor
(C) Inrush current
(C) asynchronous generator (D) All of the above
(D) synchronous phase modifier
...
...
31. Power quality is good, if:-
25. Which of the following is not a source of harmonic (A) Voltage has a constant sine wave shape with
current? fundamental frequency only
(A) Capacitor switching
(B) Voltage has a constant RMS value and unchanged over
(B) Inductive load time.
(C) Resistive load (C) Voltage is unaffected by load change.
(D) None of these (D) All of the above
... ...
26. Filters are used to reduce:- 32. In which IEEE standards recommended practice for
(A) Harmonics monitoring electric power quality is given.
(B) Voltage sag (A) IEEE 519
(C) Voltage distortion (B) IEEE 1159
(D) All of the above (C) IEEE 518
... (D) IEEE 241

27. Which one is the short time reduction in the rms ...
voltage between 0.1 to 0.9 p.u for a duration of 0.5 cycle 33. In which IEEE standards recomended practices and
to 1 minute. requirements for harmonic control in electrical power
(A) Voltage distortion systems is given.
(B) Voltage sag (A) IEEE 519 (B) IEEE 1159
(C) Voltage degradation (C) IEEE 518 (D) IEEE 241
(D) Voltage swell
34. In which IEEE standards recomended practice for 40. An undervoltage is ______ in the RMS AC voltage
electrical power systems in commercial buildings is given. ______ than ____ at the power frequency for duration
(A) IEEE 519 _______.
(B) IEEE 1159 (A) increase, less, 110 %, lesser than 1 min
(C) IEEE 518 (B) increase, less, 90 %, longer than 1 min
(D) IEEE 241 (C) decrease, greater, 110 %, longer than 1 min
(D) decrease, less, 90 %, longer than 1
... min
35. In which IEEE standards recomended practice for ...
electrical power distribution for industrial plants is given. 41. An overvoltage is ______ in the RMS AC voltage ______
(A) IEEE 519 (B) IEEE 1159 than ____ at the power frequency for duration _______.
(C) IEEE 518 (D) IEEE 141 (A) increase, less, 110 %, lesser than 1 min
... (B) increase, greater, 90 %, longer than 1 min
(C) increase, greater, 110 %, longer than 1 min
36. IEEE standards for voltage flicker and voltage sag (D) decrease, less, 110 %, longer than 1
indices. min
(A) IEEE P1453 and IEEE P1564 ...
(B) IEEE P1564 and IEEE P1453
(C) IEEE 519 42. Which of the following is correct for Ferro resonant
(D) IEEE 141 transformer:-
(A) It is also called as constant voltage transformer
... (B) It is used as isolation transformer
(C) Both
37. Impulsive transient is _______ in polarity.
(D) None of the
(A) Bidirectional
above
(B) Unidirectional
...
(C) both
(D) None of the 43. The magnitude of voltage sag is depends on
above (A) characteristics of the induction motor
... (B) strength of the system at the point where motor is
connected
38. Oscillatory transient is _______ in polarity.
(C) both
(A) Bidirectional (B) Unidirectional
(D) none of these
(C) both (D) None of the above
...
...
1. Source of voltage sag
39. Full form of CBEMA.
(A) Motor starting (B) Arc furnace
(A) Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers'
(C) Electric heaters (D) All of the above
Association
(B) Core and Business Equipment Manufacturers' 2. Way to estimate the voltage sag performence
Association (A) Area of vulnerability
(C) Computer and Board Equipment Manufacturers' (B) Equipment sensitive to voltage sag
Association (C) Transmission system and utility distribution system sag
(D) None of the performance evaluation
above (D) All of the above
...
3. Area of vulnerability also called as
(A) Equipment voltage sag immunity
(B) Equipment voltage sag susceptibility limit
(C) Both
(D) None of these
9. Effect of temperature rise in overhead lines
(A) Decrease Sag, increase Tension
(B) Both increase
(C) Increase Sag, decrease Tension
(D) Both decrease

4. Full form of UPS. ...

(A) Unit Power Supply
(B) Uninterruptable Power Supply 10. What should be the value of sag for proper operation
(C) Uninterruptable Power System of overhead transmission line
(D) None of these (A) Anything
(B) Neither too low nor too high
5. Types of UPS (C) High
(A) Online UPS (D) Low
(B) Offline or stand by UPS
(C) Hybrid UPS ...
(D) All of the above 11. Voltage sag cannot be caused by which of the following
... (A) Inductive loading
(B) Local and remote faults
6. A stand by power supply does not typically provide (C) Capacitive switching
_____________ as does an online UPS. (D) Switching ON - OFF large loads
(A) Transient protection
(B) Voltage regulation ...
(C) Both 1. Source of transient voltage
(D) None of these (A) Lightning
(B) Switching loads ON or OFF
...
(C) Interruption of fault circuits
7. Active synchronous series compensators are used to (D) All of the above
compensate the voltage quality problems of the supply
system such as ...
(A) sag and swell 2. The fault currents are interrupted by overcurrent
(B) flicker and regulation devices such as
(C) notch and fluctuations (A) Circuit breakers
(D) All of the above (B) Fuses
... (C) Both
(D) None of the above
8. The most common way to calculate voltage sag is from:-
(A) Apparent power ...
(B) Peak voltage 3. Lightning is a potent source of __________.
(C) RMS voltage (A) Low frequency transients
(D) Average Voltage (B) High frequency transients or Impulsive transients
... (C) Oscillatory transients
(D) None of the above
...
4. Transformer draw ____ currents, when switched ON, 10. Full form of SCR.
that range between ______ times their normal full-load (A) Silicon Correction Rectifier
current. (B) Silicon Controlled Rectifier
(A) surge, 10 to 15 (C) Silicon Connected Rectifier
(B) inrush, 10 to 15 (D) None of these
(C) surge, 1 to 10
(D) None of the above ......

5. Devices which draw inrush currents, when switched ON. 11. Devices used for overvoltage protection
(A) Transformer (A) Isolation transformer
(B) Fluorescent lights (B) Surge arrestor
(C) Both (C) Clamping devices
(D) None of the above (D) All of the above

... ...

6. AC motors draw starting currents that vary between 12. Crowbar devices are normally _______ devices which
______ of the normal full-load running current. conduct during overvoltage transients.
(A) 10 to 15 % (A) closed
(B) 1 to 10 % (B) open
(C) 500 to 600 % (C) None of these
(D) 10 to 100 % ...
... 13. Clamping devices for AC circuits are commonly ______
7. Capacitor are used to provide _____ power to correct resistors.
the power factor, which reduces losses and supports the (A) linear
voltage on the system. (B) non-linear
(A) apparent (C) None of these
(B) reactive ...
(C) both
(D) none of the above 14. The fundamental principles of over voltage protection
of load equipment are
... (A) Limit the voltage across sensitive insulation
8. Advantages of using capacitor bank in a power system. (B) Divert the surge current away from the load
(A) Losses are low in static capacitors (C) Bond ground references together at the equipment
(B) Do not require a foundation for installation (D) All of the above
(C) They are light weight so it can be easily installed ...
(D) All of the above
15. Full form of TVSS.
... (A) Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors
9. Full form of PIV. (B) Transient Voltage Supply Suppressors
(A) Peak Inverse Voltage (C) Transient Voltage Surge Supply
(B) Peak Inrush Voltage (D) None of the above
(C) Power Inverse Current ...
(D) None of these
16. Strategies for utilities to decrease the impact of 53. Total load transmitted through a 3-phase
lightning transmission line is 10,000 kW at 0.8 power factor
(A) Shielding lagging. The I2R losses are 900 kW. The efficiency of
(B) Line arrestors transmission line is
(C) Low side surges
(A) 60%
(D) All of the above
(B) 90%
(C) 95%
(D) 99%.
17. Full form of ASD.
(A) Adjustable Speed Drives 87. Earthing of electric appliances is done
(B) Apparent Speed Drives
(A) for the safety of human life
(C) Adjustable Supply Drives
(B) to reduce line voltage fluctuation
(D) Adjustable Source Drives (C) for protection of electric equipment
(D) for all of the above.
...
...

123. The protection against direct lightening strokes 88. Earthing is used as the return conductor for
and high voltage steep waves is provided by (A) telephone lines
(B) telegraph lines
(A) earthing of neutral (C) traction work
(B) lightening arresters (D) all of the above.
(C) ground wires ...
(D) lightening arresters and ground wires
89. The resistance of earth wire should be
. (A) infinite
(B) high
125. In outdoor substation, the lightening arresters is (C) reasonable
placed nearer to (D) very low.
...
(A) the isolator
(B) the current transformer 90. The earth's potential is taken as
(C) the power transformer (A) infinite
(D) the current breaker. (B) supply voltage
(C) 1 volt
... (D) zero.
...
127. A 10 MVA generator has power factor 0.866
lagging. The reactive power produced will be 82. The earthing electrode should be situated at a place
at least .......... meters away from the building whose
(A) 10 MVA installation system is being earthed
(B) 8 MVA (A) 1.5 m
(C) 5 MVA (B) 3.5 m
(D) 1.34 MVA. (C) 25 m
(D) 100 m.
. ...
83. Which of the following mixture is preferred for
filling around the earth electrode effective earthing ? 89. The resistance of earth wire should be
(A) bone meal mixture (A) infinite
(B) coal salt mixture (B) high
(C) saw dust sand mixture (C) reasonable
(D) lime-stand mixture. (D) very low.
...
...
84. Inside the earth or pit, the earthing electrode
should be placed
(A) vertical
(B) horizontal
(C) inclined at 450 90. The earth's potential is taken as
(D) inclined at any angle other than 450. (A) infinite
... (B) supply voltage
(C) 1 volt
(D) zero.
85. 'Danger 440 V' plates are ...
(A) danger notices
(B) caution notices 1. FACTS stand for
(C) advisory notices (A) Flexible AC Transmitted Systems
(D) informal notices. (B) Flexible AC transport Systems
...
(C) Flexible AC transmission Systems
(D) Flexible AC transfer Systems
86. The minimum clearance of any overhead line from
the ground should be ...
(A) 20 m
(B) 10 m 2. FACTS employ _________ for switching.
(C) 6 m (A) High speed thyristor
(D) 4 m.
(B) Low speed thyristor
(C) Rectifier
...
(D) None of the above
87. Earthing of electric appliances is done
...
(A) for the safety of human life
(B) to reduce line voltage fluctuation 3. What are the various type of FACTS controllers?
(C) for protection of electric equipment
(A) Series Controllers
(D) for all of the above.
(B) Shunt Controllers
... (C) Combined series-series controllers
(D) Combined series-shunt controllers
88. Earthing is used as the return conductor for (E) All the above
(A) telephone lines
(B) telegraph lines ...
(C) traction work
(D) all of the above. 4. Which is (are) the advantage(s) of FACTS controllers?
(A) Enhances controllability
... (B) Increase power transfer capability
(C) Increase the reliability of AC grids
(D) All the above
... 11. Unit of wave number (beta) is
(A) rad-km
5. What is the main disadvantage of FACTS? (B) rad-cm
(A) Very costly (C) rad/cm
(B) Less costly (D) rad/km
(C) Enhance controllability
(D) None of these ...

...

6. FACTS devices are generally used for to compensate 12. saturated reactor will generate harmonics of the order
……………of the transmission line. of
(A) Reactance (A) 16k ± 1
(B) Resistance (B) 9k ± 1
(C) Conductance (C) 18k ± 1
(D) Admittance (D) 20k ± 1

... ...

7. FACTS devices generally deals with 13. FACTS devices used in

(A) Apparent Power (A) Generation
(B) Active Power (B) AC transmission
(C) Reactive Power (C) DC transmission
(D) Load angle (D) None

... ...

8. Automatic generation control(AGC) controls 14. Voltage control means

(A) Frequency (A) Boosting the feeder voltage
(B) Steam/Water input (B) Reducing the line voltage under over voltage conditions
(C) Torque (C) Keeping the voltage level within the allowable limits.
(D) All of the above (D) None of the above

... ...

9. Full form of UPFC is 15. Line drop compensation corrects for

(A) Unified power flow controller (A) Line drop lagging P.F
(B) Unified power factor controller (B) Voltage at leading P.F
(C) Unified power flow compensator (C) Voltage drop in feeder lines
(D) Unique power flow controller (D) Transformer voltage drop

... ...

10. STATCOM + SSSC will make 16. Which is the shunt compensation devices
(A) UPQC (A) TCSC
(B) TCSC (B) SSSC
(C) SVR (C) UPFC
(D) UPFC (D) SVC

... ...
17. SSSC is a 3. _________ are sinusoidal voltages or currents having
(A) series compensation device frequencies that are integer multiples of the frequency.
(B) shunt compensation device (A) Harmonics
(C) combined compensator (B) Distortion
(D) loss reduction device (C) Notching
(D) None of these

...
18. SVC stands for
(A) static VAr compensator 4. Which one of the following is waveform distortion:
(B) saturated VAr compensator (A) DC offset
(C) static VAr controller (B) Electrical Noise
(D) saturated VAr controller (C) Notching
(D) All of the above
...
...
19. Full form of EAG in HVDC converter is
(A) Extinction angle control 5. Symmetrical waveforms will contain only ______
(B) Extinction angular control numbered harmonics.
(C) Excitation angle control (A) Odd and Even both
(D) None of the above (B) Neither odd and even
(C) Even only
...
(D) Odd only
20. The main Objective of series compensation
...
(A) It improve the power factor
(B) It reduces the fault currents 6. Harmonic Analyzer uses which of the following analysis
(C) Reduce the voltage drop over long distance to identify the predominate harmonic component.
(D) None (A) Frequency domain analysis
(B) Time domain analysis
...
(C) Frequency-Time domain analysis
1. Which of the following circuits will have more sensitivity (D) None of these
towards Harmonics
...
(A) Communication Circuits
(B) Power Circuits 7. Because of the harmonics, conductor resistance will
(C) Power transmission circuits ____
(D) None of these (A) Increase
(B) Decrease
...
(C) Remain same
2. Harmonics can cause spurious trip of the protective
...
relays.
(A) True 8. Statement:- Harmonic voltages and currents will
(B) False increase the losses in rotor winding and stator winding of
motors.
...
(A) True
(B) False
9. Due to Harmonics in Transformer which of the following 15. Which of the following device is not the source of
losses increases: harmonics:
(A) Hysteresis Loss only (A) Arcing devices
(B) Eddy Current Loss only (B) Pure resistance loads
(C) Both A & B (C) Heating devices
(D) No losses will increase (D) Ferromagnetic devices
...
..

10. When analysing a non sinusoidal waveform, it is

16. Skin effect is observed in which of the circuits:
important to know the ____ of the harmonic components
(A) DC Circuits
present.
(B) AC Circuits
(A) Magnitude and Phase angle
(C) Both A and B
(B) Phase angle only
(D) None of these
(C) Magnitude only
(D) firing angle only ...

11. Harmonics can be eliminated by introducing which of 17. For reducing the slot harmonics in an alternator, the
the following: length of air gap is
(A) Resonant circuit (A) Reduced
(B) High Impedance (B) Increased
(C) Filters (C) Remain same
(D) Low impedance path (D) None of the above

... ...

12. Statement: Shielded cables and twisted pairs used 18. To decreased the harmonics from the voltage
more frequently in communication circuits to decrease the waveform, the suitable steps is/are
mutual coupling (A) Skewing the pole face
(A) True (B) Using distributed type of winding instead of
(B) False concentrated type
... (C) Using fractional slot windings
(D) All of the above
13. Statement: When one or more harmonic components
has added to the fundamental frequency, a non-distorted ...
(non sinusoidal) waveform is produced.
(A) True 19. If x is the order of harmonic component, then the
(B) False general expression for distribution factor is
... (A) xsin(β / 2m) / msin(β / 2x)
(B) sin(xm β / 2) / msin (x β / 2)
14. When electrical transformer is energized, which of the (C) sin(x β /m) / xmsin(m β / 2)
following harmonic component is predominate: (D) xmsin(β / 2) /sin(mx β)
(A) Third Harmonic
(B) Seventh Harmonic ...
(C) Second Harmonic
(D) Fifth Harmonic
...
20. The harmonics in rotating machines are generated due 5. During normal operation, the UPS takes its power
to from the supply, rectifies the ac voltage to dc and
(A) non-sinusoidal field form inverts it again to ac with the
(B) slotting of the stator core (a) same frequency and rms value
(C) both (A) and (B) above (b) Different frequency and rms value
(D) none of the above (c) same frequency and different rms value
(d) Different frequency and same rms value
...
...
21. A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical ...
equipment from over-voltage transients caused by (A)
external (lightning) (B) internal (switching) events. (C) Both
(A) and (B)

1. Reducing the number of short-circuit faults in a system,

reduces ______
(a) Sag
(b) Interruptions
(c) Sag & Interruptions
(d) none of the above
...
2. Current-limiting fuses are able to clear a fault within
one _______.
(a) Half cycle
(b) full cycle
(c) will not clear
(d) none of the above
...
3. By implementing changes in the supply system, the
severity of the event will__.
(a) Reduce
(b) Increase
(c) Remains the same
(d) None of the above
...
4. The main mitigation equipment is___
(a) UPS
(b) Storage device
(c) voltage source converter
(d) All the above
 PQ ‫اسئلة المحاضرة‬ 6- Causes of transients are
(a) switching,
(b) lightning strikes
1- EMI Filters, or electromagnetic interference filters (c) switching of reactive loads
are an electrical device / circuit that used for...
(d) All of these
a) mitigate the high frequency Electromagnetic noise
b) Improve power factor
7- A good earthing greatly ....... the transients
C) removing transient
(a) Increase
(d) grounding
(b) reduces
(c) magnify
2-Power system harmonics comes from nonlinearity
(d) give
caused by:
(a) saturation, (b) electronic switching
8- The influence of voltage transients on electronic
(C) Arc welding (d) All of the above
equipment generally falls into :
(a) intermittent interruption
3-Negative effects of harmonics include:
(b) chronic degradation
(a) Overheating and failure of distribution
(c) latent and catastrophic failure
transformers
(d) all of the above
(b) Overheating and mechanical oscillation in the
motor load system
(C) Overheating and damage of neutral ground 9-The phenomena of Arcing Ground occur in the........
because of flow of the capacitance current
conductors
(D) All of the above
(a) undergrounded three phase systems
(b) undergrounded single-phase systems
4-The system series/parallel resonance can cause
dielectric failure or rupture the power factor (c) Overhead lines
correction capacitor due to (d) Circuit breakers
(a) over-voltages (b) over-currents
(c) both (d) none

5-Transients disturbances are high frequency events

with durations much less than
(a) one cycle of supply
(b) One minute
(c) one second
(d) none of these