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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.1 During fabrication of a laminated timber arch, one of the 10 in. wide by 1 in. thick Douglas fir [E =
1,900 ksi] planks is bent to a radius of curvature of 40 ft. Determine the maximum bending stress
developed in the plank.
Solution
From Eq. (8.3):
E 1,900 ksi
x = − y = − ( 0.5 in.) = 1.979 ksi = 1.979 ksi Ans.
( 40 ft )(12 in./ft )
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.2 A copper wire of diameter d = 2 mm is coiled around a spool of radius r. The elastic modulus of
the copper is E = 117 GPa and its yield strength is 310 MPa. Determine the minimum spool radius r
that may be used if the bending stress in the wire is not to exceed the yield strength.
Solution
From Eq. (8.3):
E 117,000 MPa
=− y=− ( 2 mm / 2 ) = 377.419 mm
x 310 MPa
d
=r+
2
d 2 mm
r = − = 377.419 mm − = 376.419MPa = 376 mm Ans.
2 2
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.3 The boards for a concrete form are to be bent into a circular shape having an inside radius of 10 m.
What maximum thickness can be used for the boards if the normal stress is not to exceed 7 MPa?
Assume that the modulus of elasticity for the wood is 12 GPa.
Solution
The radius of curvature of the concrete form is dependent on the board thickness:
t
= 10,000 mm +
2
From Eq. (8.3):
E 12,000 MPa t
x = − y = − 7 MPa
t 2
10,000 mm +
2
Solve for t:
t t
12,000 MPa 7 MPa 10,000 mm +
2 2
6,000t 70,000 + 3.5t
5,996.5t 70,000
t 11.67 mm Ans.
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.4 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 3,200 N·m, as shown in Figure P8.4a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.4b) are b = 150 mm, c = 30 mm, d = 70 mm, and t = 6 mm.
Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.
Solution
Section moduli:
I 1,336, 474.331 mm 4
S top = z = = 30, 489.197 mm3
ctop 70 mm − 26.166 mm
I z 1,336, 474.331 mm 4
Sbot = = = 51, 077.448 mm3
cbot 26.166 mm
S = 30,500 mm3 Ans.
=−
( 3, 200 N m )( 37.834 mm )(1,000 mm/m ) = −90.589 MPa = 90.6 MPa (C) Ans.
1,336,474.331 mm 4
=−
( 3, 200 N m )( −20.166 mm )(1,000 mm/m ) = 48.284 MPa = 48.3 MPa (T) Ans.
1,336,474.331 mm 4
=−
( 3, 200 N m )( 43.834 mm )(1,000 mm/m ) = −104.955 MPa = 105.0 MPa (C) Ans.
1,336,474.331 mm4
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.5 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 45 kip·ft, as shown in Figure P8.5a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.5b) are b1 = 7.5 in., d1 = 1.5 in., b2 = 0.75 in., d2 = 6.0 in., b3 = 3.0
in., and d3 = 2.0 in. Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.
Solution
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
=−
( 45 kip ft )( −3.836 in.)(12 in./ft ) = 8.073 ksi = 8.07 ksi (T) Ans.
256.604 in.4
=−
( 45 kip ft )( 2.164 in.)(12 in./ft ) = −4.554 ksi = 4.55 ksi (C) Ans.
256.604 in.4
=−
( 45 kip ft )( −5.836 in.)(12 in./ft ) = 12.282 ksi = 12.28 ksi (T) Ans.
256.604 in.4
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.6 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 240 N·m, as shown in Figure P8.6a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.6b) are a = 20 mm, b = 40 mm, d = 80 mm, and r = 12 mm.
Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.
Solution
(a) Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(mm ) (mm) (mm3)
rectangle 3,200 40.0 128,000.000
circle cutout –452.389 20.0 –9,047.787
2,747.611 118,952.213
yi Ai 118,952.213 mm 3
y= = = 43.293 mm = 43.3 mm Ans.
Ai 2,747.611 mm 2
(measured upward from bottom edge of section)
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
Section moduli:
I 1,479,630.864 mm4
S top = z = = 40,309.2 mm3
ctop 80 mm − 43.293 mm
I z 1,479,630.864 mm4
Sbot = = = 34,177.2 mm3
cbot 43.293 mm
S = 34, 200 mm3 Ans.
=−
( −240 N m )(16.707 mm )(1,000 mm/m )
1,479,630.864 mm 4
= 2.710 MPa = 2.71 MPa (T) Ans.
=−
( −240 N m )( −11.293 mm )(1,000 mm/m )
1,479,630.864 mm4
= −1.832 MPa = 1.832 MPa (C) Ans.
=−
( −240 N m )( −43.293 mm )(1,000 mm/m )
1,479,630.864 mm 4
= −7.022 MPa = 7.02 MPa (C) Ans.
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
FIGURE P8.7
Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Shape IC
(mm4)
Rectangle 277,830
Two cutouts on sides –30,171.856
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 247,658.144
y = 3a = 3 ( 7 mm ) = 21 mm
My
x = −
Iz
=−
( 325 N m )( 21 mm )(1,000 mm/m )
247,658.144 mm 4
= 27.558 MPa = 27.6 MPa Ans.
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
FIGURE P8.8
Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Shape IC
(mm4)
Outer rectangle 1,562,500
Two cutout rectangles –852,012
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 710,488
M zc
x =
Iz
Mz =
xIz
=
(17 N/mm )( 710, 488 mm )
2 4
c 50 mm / 2
= 483,132 N mm = 483 N m
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
Solution
The y coordinate at the strain gage is:
ygage = d − c − y = 7.5 in. − 1.25 in. − 2.36 in. = 3.890 in.
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
Solution
The y coordinates at H and K are:
d 17 in.
yH = − t f = − 1.0 in. = 7.5 in.
2 2
d 17 in.
yK = − + a = − + 3.5 in. = −5.0 in.
2 2
(a) Bending stress at H: Since the bending stress is linearly distributed over the depth of the section, we
can calculate the bending stress at H from the principle of similar triangles:
H K
=
yH yK
yH 7.5 in.
H = K = ( −5.4 ksi ) = 8.10 ksi (T) Ans.
yK −5.0 in.
Iz = − = 1, 450.417 in.4
12 12
M =
xIz
=
( 30 kips/in. )(1, 450.417 in. ) = 5,119.117 kip in. = 427 kip ft
2 4
Ans.
c 17 in. / 2
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
FIGURE P8.11
Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Iz =
4
(r o
4
− ri 4 ) =
4
(115 mm ) − ( 95 mm ) = 73,395, 458 mm4
4 4
Bending stress at H:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
(16 kN m )( 57.5 mm )(1, 000 N/kN )(1,000 mm/m )
73,395,458 mm 4
= −12.535 MPa = 12.54 MPa (C) Ans.
Bending stress at K:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
(16 kN m )( −77.819 mm )(1, 000 N/kN )(1,000 mm/m )
73,395,458 mm 4
= 16.964 MPa = 16.96 MPa (T) Ans.
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
Solution
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the section are:
ytop = d − y = 4.0 in. − 1.6818 in. = 2.31820 in.
ybottom = − y = −1.6818 in.
Bending stress at top surface: The maximum tensile bending stress occurs at the top surface of the beam
for a negative bending moment:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
( −4.25 kip ft )( 2.31820 in.)(12 in./ft ) = 4.582 ksi = 4.58 ksi (T) Ans.
25.80303 in.4
Bending stress at bottom surface: The maximum compressive bending stress occurs at the bottom
surface of the beam for a negative bending moment:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
( −4.25 kip ft )( −1.6818 in.)(12 in./ft ) = −3.324 ksi = 3.32 ksi (C) Ans.
25.80303 in.4
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.13 Two uniformly distributed loads of w = 3,600 lb/ft act on the simply supported beam shown in
Figure P8.13a. The beam spans are a = 8 ft and L = 16 ft. The beam cross section shown in Figure
P8.13b has dimensions of b1 = 16 in., d1 = 6 in., b2 = 10 in., and d2 = 10 in. Calculate the maximum
tensile and compressive bending stresses produced in segment BC of the beam.
Solution
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
Bending stresses: The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the section are:
ytop = d1 + d 2 − y = 6 in. + 10 in. − 8.918 in. = 7.082 in.
ybottom = − y = −8.918 in.
Bending stress at top surface: The bending stress at the top surface of the beam in segment BC is:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
( −115, 200 lb ft )( 7.082 in.)(12 in./ft ) = 2,300.185 psi
4,256.027 in.4
Bending stress at bottom surface: The bending stress at the bottom surface of the beam in segment BC
is:
My
x = −
Iz
=−
( −115, 200 lb ft )( −8.918 in.)(12 in./ft ) = −2,896.775 psi
4,256.027 in.4
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
P8.14 An extruded polymer beam is subjected to a bending moment M as shown in Figure P8.14a. The
length of the beam is L = 800 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.14b) of the beam are b1 =
34 mm, d1 = 100 mm, b2 = 20 mm, d2 = 20 mm, and a = 7 mm. For this material, the allowable tensile
bending stress is 16 MPa, and the allowable compressive bending stress is 12 MPa. Determine the
largest moment M that can be applied as shown to the beam.
Solution
Centroid location in y direction:
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom)
yi Ai
2
(mm ) (mm3)
(mm)
Outer rectangle 3,400 50
170,000
Cutout square –400 –33,200
83
2
3,000 mm 136,800
yi Ai 136,800 mm3
y= = = 45.6 mm (measured upward from bottom edge of shape)
Ai 3,000 mm 2
Bending stresses: The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the cross section are:
ytop = d1 − y = 100 mm − 45.6 mm = 54.4 mm
ybottom = − y = −45.6 mm
Bending moment based on allowable tensile bending stress: For the indicated moment direction (i.e.,
counterclockwise), tensile bending stress will be produced above the neutral axis. The largest tensile
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot
bending stress will be found at the top surface of the beam. Solve the flexure formula for M given that
the bending stress at ytop must be less than or equal to 16 MPa:
My
− allow
Iz
M −
allow I z
=−
(16 N/mm )( 2,326,320 mm ) = −684, 211.8 N mm
2 4
ytop 54.4 mm
Bending moment based on allowable compressive bending stress: For the indicated moment direction
(i.e., counterclockwise), compressive bending stress will be produced below the neutral axis. The largest
compressive bending stress will be found at the bottom surface of the beam. Solve the flexure formula
for M given that the bending stress at ybottom must be less than or equal to 12 MPa:
My
− allow
Iz
M −
allow I z
=−
( −12 N/mm )( 2,326,320 mm ) = −612,189.5 N mm
2 4
ybottom −45.6 mm
Largest moment M: The largest bending moment that can be applied as shown in Figure P8.14a is:
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