Vietnamese and English respectively represent two contrastive prosodic types: tone

language and stress language. English has a system of word stress while
Vietnamese, a tonal language has no system of word stress but it has a system of
lexically distinctive tones. It is said that English is considered a stressed language
while many other languages are considered syllabic. What does that mean? It
means that, in English, we give stress to certain words while other words are
quickly spoken (some students say eaten!). In other languages, such as French or
Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable
has its own length).

In other word, English is a typical stressed language, which means that in an

English word there is a pattern of strong and weak syllables. If a word is
pronounced in isolation, one of its syllables is more prominent than any of the
others; it is said to carry primary stress (or the main stress of the word). Other
things being equal, such a syllable stands apart as being somewhat longer and
louder; it is pronounced with a characteristic high or changing pitch, and its vowel
has a full, distinct quality. Longer words may also contain strong syllables with
less than the primary degree of stress (typically, these are not marked by pitch
movement). Such syllables are required in order to achieve a balanced rhythm or to
make the morphological structure of a word clearer; in such cases we speak of
secondary stresses. Weak syllables are reduced phonetically, their vowels being
often pronounced as ‘schwa ’ (the English weak vowel [ə]). They
sometimes disappear in fast speech, as when family becomes fam’ly. In many
stress languages (Spanish, Polish) stress is mostly a matter of increased pitch or
intensity, with little or no vowel reduction.

What is stress?

Stress is an important feature of English pronunciation and to become powerful

communicator of English one needs proficiency while using different stress
patterns in his communication.

 Stress is the degree of force with which a syllable or a word is uttered. It is

also defined as the degree of prominence a syllable has.
 Words with more than one syllable have a stressed syllable. In /teibl/ first
syllable is prominent.
  In committee and recommend second syllable is stressed.

 When we put a greater breath force on a syllable it becomes a stressed

syllable. Stress is also called the word accent of a sentence. If a syllable has
more than one syllable then one of the syllables stands out from the rest and
this causes stress.

Gồm 8 slide chính:

1. Introduction
2. Definition and role of stress in English language
3. Presentation of stressed syllables
4. Types of stress(2)
5. Levels of stress(2)
6. Various stress patterns (1,2,3,4th )
7. Applied in teaching and learning English Pronunciation
8. Conclusion

How to Teach Stress & Intonation of English

By Karen Farnen, eHow Contributor

Teach your English students to speak with proper stress and

intonation.
 Correct stress and intonation will help your English students communicate better with
others. As they learn to emphasize the sounds native speakers do and reduce or eliminate
the sounds native speakers hurry over, their pronunciation will improve. Even their
consonants and vowels will become much more accurate. Teach these important aspects of
pronunciation early so that your students acquire clear English pronunciation more
easily.
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Things You'll Need

 English pronunciation texts and exercises

 Chants in English
 Poems in English
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Instructions
1.

o 1
Teach your students the correct stress whenever you teach new words. Show how stress
affects meaning for individual words; it sometimes changes the part of speech, as in
"CONtract" (noun) and "conTRACT" (verb). Have them clap or tap the stress as they say
words aloud.

o 2
Teach that each related group of words or breath group has one main stress, normally on a
content word such as a noun, verb or adjective rather than on a structure word such as a
preposition. Practice putting the stress on the correct syllable in conversations. Show them
how the pitch or intonation rises with the stress. Model the conversations, and then have
them practice with partners.
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o 3
Use phrases and sentences to teach the different ways stress accent influences meaning, for
example to show emphasis, contrast or contradiction. In the sentence "I want a new book,"
the meaning changes depending on what word is given the main stress: "I," "want," "new" or
"book." Pronunciation textbooks such as "Clear Speech" give many exercises to practice
these stress changes for meaning. Have students tap or clap to show the stress as they repeat
sentences or exercises.

o 4
Help students learn correct rhythm by teaching contractions and other reduced forms.
Reduced forms occur when native speakers omit sounds or run them together, as in "I
dunno" instead of "I don't know." Good practice materials include "Whaddyasay" and "Jazz
Chants." Give them oral practice, using correct intonation at the same time.

o 5
Practice the stress-timed rhythm of English. This means English has regularly spaced
accents or stressed syllables, whereas many other languages have equally spaced syllables
(syllable-timed). Have students practice aloud with poems, songs, or chants that have a
strong beat as they clap or tap.

o 6
Teach intonation for the basic types of English sentences, such as statements, yes-no
questions and wh-questions (who, what, etc.). Also teach the intonation for tag questions
("don't you?"), exclamations and contradictions. Write on the board, drawing arrows to
show the direction of the pitch. Or say the sentences while drawing the shape of the
intonation in the air with your hand. Have students write intonation arrows on worksheets
or in their textbooks. Then have them practice aloud and use their hands to draw the
intonation in the air.

o 7
Give students extra practice with realistic conversations from a conversation textbook.
Model correct stress and intonation. Then have them practice with partners and perform for
the class. The more they use correct English stress and intonation, the better their
pronunciation will become.
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