POPULATION DYNAMICS ANSWER KEY

Q.1 Explain the following terms-

1. Total number of people - inhabiting an area, region or country.
2. Death rate- number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
3. Birth rate- number of live births per thousand people.
4. population density- number of people living in an area of one square kilometre.
5. Population dynamics- branch of science- focusses - change in size and age
composition- how, when and why the changes occur.
6. Population distribution- members of the population are dispersed- physically- specific
area.
7. Overpopulation- condition- human population- more - natural resources.
8. Age composition- number of people in different age groups.
9. Sex ratio- number of females per male in the population.
10. Population pyramid- graphical representation of age- sex structure of a population.

Q.2 Answer the following questions.

1. fertile loamy soil- good agriculture and other activities. These areas- support-
intensive agriculture- provide water- basic necessity.
2. When birth rate- higher than death rate- population in an area- increases- leading to
extensive use of natural resources as well.
3. improvement in the standard nutrition, health care, education and standard of living-
though much needs to be done.
4. Spatial distribution, size and density, age structure, birth rate and death rate.
5. Positive- new breakthrough in medical science and other aspects, availability of
manpower.
Negative- pressure on existing resources, shortage of basic necessities.
6. Positive- excess resources, little or no congestion.
Negative- underutilised resources, lack of adequate manpower.

Q.3 Give Reasons

1. geographical factors like relief, climate, soil, water, urbanisation, political, social and
cultural factors.
2. increased human population puts pressure on the existing natural resources-
cultivable land, fresh water, fossil fuels, minerals- leads to- degradation of resources.
3. leads to lower birth rate- slows population growth- easier for a country's development.
More educated workforce- less poverty- economic growth.
4. plains, slopes- densely populated than the mountains- such areas- favourable-
agriculture, building, over establishment, industrialisation, transportation. Climate-
influences- concentration of population- harsh summers/winters. Hrsh summers/winters-
scarcely populated- moderate climate- attract settlement.
5. Overpopulation- adverse effects- more people- more resources, greenhouse
emission, global warming, climate change.
6. Ganga plains- densely populated- favourable- agriculture, building houses,
establishments, industries and transportation facilities.
7. Industries- set up- areas- power resources- easily available- industries- generate
employment- skilled and unskilled labour- both.
8. Developed countries- farming- highly mechanised. Rural areas- farming- high cost of
living, lack of job opportunities for women and lack of financial security.

Q.4 Distinguish between

1. Overpopulation and Underpopulation
Overpopulation- increased utilisation of resources, adverse effects on the environment.
Underpopulation- under utilisation of resources, less population, environmental
degradation, lack of adequate manpower.

2. Birth rate and Death rate

Birth rate- number of live births per thousand in a year, calculated as CBR= Bi/P*1000
Death rate- number of deaths per thousand persons in a year, calculated as
CBR=D/P*1000

3. Immigration and Emigration

Immigration- Migrants - move- new country- immigrants- process- immigration.
Emigration- Migrants- move out- emigrants- process- emigration.

4. Positive and negative impacts of underpopulation.

Positive- excess resources, little or no congestion.
Negative- underutilised resources, lack of adequate manpower.

Q.5 Answer in brief

1. climate, fertile regions, rainfall, advanced industries, economic sector, natural
resources etc.
2. Pressure on existing resources, unemployment and poverty, shortage of basic
necessities, destruction of natural habitats of animals, increased use of energy
resources, increase in human diseases and increase in the cost of living.

3. Total number of people - inhabiting an area, region or country. people help to

develop resources, human resources, better economy, cultural environment etc.
4. Exists a balance between population and the available resources in a particular
area- known as- optimum population.

5. pressure on the available resources- land, freshwater, fossil fuels and minerals.
Degradation and depletion of resources- decline- quality of life- outstrip the availability
of- natural resources- future- deplete them.

6. According to WHO- overpopulation- main cause- human diseases- Overpopulation-

worsens- environmental and social factors- pollution, malnutrition, education, healthcare
facilities, create overcrowded unhygienic living conditions, slums. Poor- vulnerable-
infectious diseases- tuberculosis, malaria, dysentery, HIV etc- spread faster.

7. Prairies of North America, Canada, Equatorial Congo, parts of Australia, New

Zealand, Russia and Namibia. Increase in death rate caused by- Natural calamities-
floods, earthquakes etc. Extreme climatic conditions, availablility of resources etc.

8. Extent of gender equality between males and females.

9. Population pyramid- geographical representation- age-sex structure - population. Can

be drawn- any area, whole continent or country to an individual town, city or village.
Reflects- characteristics - population- life expectancy, fertility rate and migration.

10. Population- resource- people help to develop resources, human resources, better
economy, culture and workforce.

11. Agriculture, industrial revolution, climate, economic growth, healthcare, standard of

living, education sector etc.

12. High birth rates, lack of education, limited access to healthcare, economic factors,
cultural and religious beliefs, migration patterns, political and social instability, poverty,
high child mortality rates, agricultural societies etc.

13. Division of population- rural and urban- based- location of the people. different
lifestyle, livelihood, social conditions. Rural- engaged in primary activities- urban-
working population- non- primary activities, differences in sex ratio, housing, cost of
living, job opportunities, migration etc.

Q.6 Study the graphs and answer the following questions.

1. Underdeveloped, developing and developed country.

2. low birth rate, relatively small number of children below 15 years, low death rate and
high life expectancy.

3. High birth rate, falling death rate especially young people, large working age people,
increasing life expectancy, country is trying to improve its standards in nutrition,
healthcare, education and standard of living though much improvement needs to be
done.

4. Lower life expectancy. High birth and death rates, lower life expectancy, country lacks
in providing nutritious diet, adequate medical facilities, education and decent standard
of living to people.

Q.6 Study the graphs and answer the following questions.

1. Underdeveloped, developing and developed country.

2. Low birth rate, relatively small number of children below 15 years, low death rate and
high life expectancy.

3. High birth rate, falling death rate especially young people, large working age people,
increasing life expectancy, country is trying to improve its standards in nutrition,
healthcare, education and standard of living though much improvement needs to be
done.

4. Lower life expectancy. High birth and death rates, lower life expectancy, country lacks
in providing nutritious diet, adequate medical facilities, education and decent standard
of living to people.