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Experiencing MIS, 6e (Kroenke)
Chapter 8 Social Media Information Systems
1) ________ is the use of information technology to support the sharing of content among
networks of users.
A) Electronic data interchange
B) Data warehousing
C) Cloud computing
D) Social media
Answer: D
AACSB: Information Technology
Difficulty: Easy
Course LO: Discuss the role of information systems in supporting business processes.
Learning Obj: LO 8.1: What is a social media information system (SMIS)?
Classification: Concept
2) Which of the following statements is a characteristic of social media (SM) user communities?
A) SM user communities are mostly based on geographic and familial ties.
B) Most users of SM belong to several different user communities.
C) In community SM site relationships, the relationships in second-tier communities are
disassociated from first-tier users.
D) A viral hook is an inducement to constrain communications between user communities.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
3) Social media (SM) communities differ from regular communities because ________.
A) they are based on mutual interests of users
B) they are based only on organizational boundaries
C) most people belong to a single community
D) the total number of its users is determined by the sum of the sizes of all its communities
Answer: A
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Platforms that enable the creation of social networks, or social relationships among people
with common interests, are offered by social media ________.
A) users
B) sponsors
C) providers
D) communities
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
5) Social media (SM) ________ utilize SM sites to build social relationships.

A) outlets
B) users
C) providers
D) newsrooms
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
6) Social media (SM) ________ are formed based on mutual interests and transcend familial,
geographic, and organizational boundaries.
A) communities
B) collaborators
C) dashboards
D) outlets
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
2
7) Which of the following statements is true about viral hooks in a social media (SM) site?
A) It is used to restrain information leaks from an organization.
B) It is used to enhance an organization's privacy on its SM sites.
C) It is designed to root out users who post junk content on an organization's SM site.
D) It is an inducement to pass communication along the tiers of a community.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
8) Which of the following statements is a feature of social media (SM) providers?

A) They do not support custom software for long durations as it is expensive.
B) They generally charge users a license fee to use their applications.
C) They use elastic, cloud-based servers to host SM presence.
D) They sponsor content on SM sites.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
9) ________ refers to data and responses to data that are contributed by users and SM sponsors.
A) Connection data
B) Capital data
C) Content data
D) Custom data
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
10) ________ is data about relationships.

A) Connection data
B) Capital data
C) Content data
D) Communication data
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
3
11) A Facebook user likes pages of various organizations on Facebook. The fact that the user has
liked a particular organization is an example of ________.
A) content data
B) user response
C) data contribution
D) connection data
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application
12) In the context of the five components of social media information systems (SMIS), which of
the following statements is true of social media (SM) providers?
A) They usually process SM sites using desktops, laptops, and smartphones.
B) They store and retrieve SM data on behalf of users.
C) They employ browsers and native mobile applications to store and retrieve connection data.
D) They are informal, evolving, and socially oriented.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
13) In the context of the five components of social media information systems (SMIS), which of
the following statements is true of social media (SM) procedures?
A) They process SM sites using elastic, cloud-based servers.
B) Organizations develop and operate their own custom, proprietary, social networking
application software.
C) Informality makes SMIS difficult to use.
D) They are informal, evolving, and socially oriented.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
4
14) Social media enables people to form communities, which are groups of people related by a
common interest.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
15) A social media information system is an information system that supports the sharing of
content among networks of users.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
16) Social media communities develop and operate their own custom, proprietary, social
networking application software.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
17) Social media communities are the companies that operate social media (SM) sites.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
18) Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest are examples of social
media providers that enable the creation of social networks.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
5
19) Social media providers create the features and functions of the site, and they compete with
one another for the attention of users.
Answer: TRUE
20) Social media users include only individuals and not organizations that use social media sites.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
21) Organizations create and manage social media (SM) accounts just like typical users.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
22) Some companies hire staff to maintain their social media (SM) presence, promote their
products, build relationships, and manage their image.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
23) Depending on how an organization wants to use social media, it can be a user, a provider, or
both.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
6
24) Social media providers develop and operate their own custom, proprietary, social networking
application software.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
25) Content data is data about relationships.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
26) Connection data differentiates social media information systems (SMIS) from Web site
applications.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
27) Both Web sites and social networking sites present user and responder content, but only
social networking applications store and process connection data.
Answer: TRUE
28) Social media (SM) application providers store and retrieve SM data on behalf of users.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
7
29) For social networking users, procedures are informal, evolving, and socially oriented.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
30) Informality in procedures means that unintended consequences are common in social media.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
31) Social media is creating new job titles, new responsibilities, and the need for new types of
training.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
32) What is social media?

Answer: Social media (SM) is the use of information technology to support the sharing of
content among networks of users. Social media enables people to form communities of practice,
or communities that are groups of people related by a common interest. A social media
information system (SMIS) is an information system that supports the sharing of content among
networks of users.
Difficulty: Easy
8
33) Who are social media (SM) users?
Answer: Social media (SM) users include both individuals and organizations that use SM sites
to build social relationships. Hundreds of millions of individuals visit SM sites on a regular
basis, and they do so in several ways. Organizations are SM users too. One may not think of an
organization as a typical user, but in many ways it is. Organizations create and manage SM
accounts just like typical users.
Difficulty: Easy
34) What are social media (SM) providers?

Answer: Social media (SM) providers are the companies that operate the SM sites. Facebook,
Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google are all SM providers. They provide platforms that enable the
creation of social networks, or social relationships among people with common interests. They
develop and operate their own custom, proprietary, social networking application software and
compete with one another for the attention of users.
Difficulty: Easy
35) Explain the hardware component of social media information systems (SMIS) with respect to
each of the three organizational roles.
Answer: Both community users and employees process social media (SM) sites using desktops,
laptops, smartphones, iPads, HTML 5 devices, and, indeed, any intelligent communications
device. In most cases, SM application providers host the SM presence using elastic servers in the
cloud.
Difficulty: Easy
9
36) Explain the software component of social media information systems (SMIS) with respect to
each of the three organizational roles.
Answer: Social media (SM) users employ browsers and client applications to communicate with
other users, send and receive content, and add and remove connections to communities and other
users. These include desktop and mobile applications for a variety of platforms, including iOS,
Android, and Windows.
SM application providers develop and operate their own custom, proprietary, social networking
application software. Supporting such custom software is expensive over the long term, but SM
application vendors must do so because the features and functions of their applications are
fundamental to their competitive strategy.
37) Explain the data component of social media information systems (SMIS).
Answer: Social media (SM) data falls into two categories: content and connection. Content data
is data and responses to data that are contributed by users. Connection data is data about
relationships. Connection data differentiates SMIS from Web site applications. Both Web sites
and social networking sites present user and responder content, but only social networking
applications store and process connection data. SM application providers store and retrieve SM
data on behalf of sponsors and user communities.
Difficulty: Easy
38) Explain the procedure component of social media information systems (SMIS) with respect
to a user and an organization.
Answer: For social networking users, procedures are informal, evolving, and socially oriented.
One does what their friends do. Such informality makes using SMIS easy; it also means that
unintended consequences are common. The most troubling examples concern user privacy. For
organizations, social networking procedures are more formalized and aligned with an
organization's strategy. Organizations develop procedures for creating content, managing user
responses, removing obsolete or objectionable content, and extracting value from content. For
example, setting up an SMIS to gather data on product problems is a wasted expense unless
procedures exist to extract knowledge from that social networking data. Organizations also need
to develop procedures to manage SM risk.
Difficulty: Easy
10
39) Explain the people component of social media information systems (SMIS) with respect to a
user and an organization.
Answer: Users of social media (SM) do what they want to do depending on their goals and their
personalities. They behave in certain ways and observe the consequences. They may or may not
change their behavior. SM users aren't necessarily rational, at least not in purely monetary ways.
Organizations cannot be so casual. Anyone who uses his or her position in a company to speak
for an organization needs to be trained on both SMIS user procedures and the organization's
social networking policy.
40) Social media's flow cannot be designed or diagrammed as it is very ________.

A) dynamic
B) static
C) confounding
D) simple
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj: LO 8.2: How do SMIS advance organizational strategy?
41) Value chains determine ________.

A) social media's requirements
B) social media's flow
C) unstructured business processes
D) structured business processes
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
11
42) Which of the following statements is true of social customer relationship management
(CRM)?
A) Relationships between organizations and customers are unchanging.
B) Each customer crafts his or her own relationship with a company.
C) Sales managers can control what a customer is reading about a company and its products.
D) Customers who are likely to make the highest purchases are likely to receive the most
attention.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Course LO: Describe the functions of customer relationship management (CRM) systems.
43) ________ is a dynamic social media process of employing users to participate in product
design or product redesign.
A) Social capitalization
B) Flexible product development
C) Crowdsourcing
D) Collaborative product development
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
44) Since its inception, social media (SM) has been widely used to market products to end users
in ________.
A) improving communication channels within an organization
B) business-to-business (B2B) relationships
C) business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships
D) promoting brand awareness
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
12
45) A(n) ________ social networking service like Yammer can be used to provide managers
with real-time feedback about how to resolve internal operational inefficiencies.
A) enterprise
B) media sharing
C) microblogging
D) polling
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
46) Which of the following is a use of social media (SM) in human resources?
A) It is used to determine performance incentives.
B) It is used to keep track of employees' personal lives.
C) It is used for recruiting candidates.
D) It is used for terminating employees.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
47) Internal personnel social media sites such as MySite and MyProfile in SharePoint and other
similar enterprise systems are used for ________.
A) employee recruitment
B) employee communication
C) employee evaluation
D) employee termination
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
13
48) Which of the following indicates a risk of using social media in human resources?
A) recruiting employees for vacant jobs only through social media and not otherwise
B) determining employee performance through social media
C) probing employee personal and social life through social media
D) making errors in forming conclusions about employees through social media
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
49) Which of the following statements is true of using social media to advance organizational
strategies?
A) The unpredictability of dynamic processes like social media is encouraged in supply chains.
B) Solving supply chain problems via social media reinforces an organization's sense of privacy.
C) Users who have no financial incentive are willing to provide reviews to the buyer community.
D) Organizations whose business strategy involves selling to developer networks are the last to
adopt SM-based customer support.
Answer: C
50) Value chains determine unstructured business processes.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
51) Social media (SM) is by its very nature static.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
14
52) Social media's flow cannot be designed or diagrammed easily. Even if it was to be designed,
the social media process would have changed even before the diagram is finished.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
53) Social media fundamentally changes the balance of power among users, their communities,
and organizations.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
54) In social customer relationship management, relationships between organizations and

customers are fixed.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
55) In social customer relationship management, since the relationships between organizations
and customers emerge from joint activity, customers have as much control as companies.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
56) Traditional customer relationship management (CRM) flies in the face of structured and
controlled processes of social CRM.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
15
57) eBay often solicits customers to provide feedback on their eBay experience; this is an
example of crowdsourcing.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
58) Social media is widely used in business-to-business relationships and not in business-to-
customer relationships.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
59) Operations use social media to improve communication channels with their customers, but
not within an organization.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
60) Social media is increasingly used for finding employee prospects.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
61) Use of social media to recruit and evaluate potential employees is prohibited.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
16
62) Social media sites that become too defensive are obviously promulgating an unpopular
management message.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
63) What was the purpose of traditional customer relationship management (CRM)?
Answer: In the past, organizations controlled their relationships with customers using structured
processes and related information systems. In fact, the primary purpose of traditional CRM was
to manage customer touches. Traditional CRM ensured that an organization spoke to customers
with one voice and that it controlled the messages, the offers, and even the support that
customers received based on the value of each particular customer.
64) Explain the social customer relationship management (CRM) process.

Answer: Social CRM is a dynamic, social media-based CRM process. The relationships
between organizations and customers emerge in a dynamic process as both parties create and
process content. In addition to the traditional forms of promotion, employees in an organization
create wikis, blogs, discussion lists, frequently asked questions, sites for user reviews and
commentary, and other dynamic content. Customers search this content, contribute reviews and
commentary, ask more questions, create user groups, and so forth. With social CRM, each
customer crafts his or her own relationship with the company.
Difficulty: Easy
17
65) What is the difference between traditional customer relationship management (CRM) and
social customer relationship management (CRM)?
Answer: In social CRM, because relationships emerge from a joint activity, customers have as
much control as companies. This characteristic is an anathema to traditional sales managers who
want control over what a customer is reading, seeing, and hearing about a company and its
products. Further, traditional CRM is centered on lifetime value; customers who are likely to
generate the most business get the most attention and have the most impact on the organization.
But, with social CRM, a customer who spends 10 cents but who is an effective reviewer,
commentator, or blogger can have more influence than a quiet customer who purchases $10
million a year. Such imbalance is incomprehensible to traditional sales managers.
66) Being linked to a network of highly regarded contacts is a form of ________.

A) social credential
B) personal reinforcement
C) mobility
D) nepotism
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj: LO 8.3: How do SMIS increase social capital?
67) Which of the following statements is true of social capital?

A) Social capital is an investment in human knowledge and skills for future profit.
B) The value of social capital is determined by the number of relationships in a social network.
C) Social capital can be gained by limiting the number of friends.
D) Being linked into social networks undermines a professional's image and position in an
organization.
Answer: B
18
68) A person gains social capital by ________.
A) adding more friends
B) removing unknown friends
C) adding only work-related friends
D) removing people who have less social capital
Answer: A
69) Capital is defined as the investment of resources for future profit.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
70) Social capital is investment in human knowledge and skills for future profit.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
71) Being linked into social networks reinforces a professional's identity, image, and position in
an organization or industry.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
72) A social networking user gains social capital by adding more friends and by strengthening
relationships with existing friends.
Answer: TRUE
19
73) Humans have social capital, whereas organizations do not have social capital.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
74) To an organization, the strength of a relationship is the likelihood that an entity in the
relationship will do something that benefits the organization.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
75) According to business literature, describe three types of capital that are used.
Answer: Business literature describes three types of capital: traditional, human, and social. Karl
Marx defined capital as the investment of resources for future profit. This traditional definition
refers to investments into resources such as factories, machines, manufacturing equipment, and
the like. In comparison, human capital is the investment in human knowledge and skills for
future profit. By taking this class, people are investing in their own human capital. In other
words, they are investing their money and time to obtain knowledge that they hope will
differentiate them from other workers and ultimately give them a wage premium in the
workforce. According to Nan Lin, social capital is investment in social relations with the
expectation of returns in a marketplace.
20
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[Contents]
The Gamble Stick Game
A great fire chased away the black shadows of night as the Red Men began the
gamble stick chant. First low, then louder and faster, while they beat on drums
made of logs.
There were six Indian braves on each side. On the ground in front of each were
ten sticks, small and straight, made of cedar. Three long sticks lay beside them.
These were to show how many times each side won. There were two gamble
sticks the length of a man’s finger. The bark had been peeled from one leaving it
smooth and round, while the other had a ring of bark around the middle.
Then Wook-ya-koots took the two gamble sticks, one in each hand, and while
swinging them back and forth in front of him, changed them from one hand to
the other so quickly that no eye could follow. But at last Left-Handed made a
motion toward the hand he thought held the ring stick. The wild chanting
stopped. Wook-ya-koots opened wide his hands and showed the sticks. Left-
Handed had lost and threw one of the short sticks of cedar across to the other
side. Wook-ya-koots took it and stuck it in the ground.
Then the Red Men again began the gamble stick chant. This time Left-Handed
guessed the hand that held the gamble stick and Wook-ya-koots threw over a
count stick and also the gamble sticks. Chief Yee-khoo and his braves became
the guessers.
So the game went on until Chief Yee-khoo’s side had ten count sticks stuck in
the ground before them. Then they took them all down and put up one large
count stick. When Chief Yee-khoo’s men had three of these large count sticks
the game ended and he and his braves carried off all the rich robes and food
and blankets which they had gambled for. This they did the next night and for
many nights after. Each night Left-Handed and his brothers and sisters made a
great feast for them.
Always Left-Handed and his brothers lost until Chief Yee-khoo and his men had
won everything they possessed except one small club made of bone.
Left-Handed took this and said, “This is the only thing we have left. It is worth
many blankets, for with it we can kill our enemies. We shall gamble for this and
this time we may be lucky and win.”
Chief Yee-khoo and his braves began to jeer and ask, “How can a bone you can
cover with one hand kill anyone?”
At last Left-Handed said, “If you do not believe me I shall show you.”
He raised the little bone club and slew Chief Yee-khoo and [13]one after another
all of his men except one who made his escape and aroused the people of Tee-
hi-ton. They rushed across the creek and fell upon Left-Handed and his brothers
and sisters with such fury that they were almost overpowered.
“Unheeded the salmon might leap in the stream while the Red
Men played the Gamble Stick Game”
Then Left-Handed remembered the little box “tsow” which his grandfather, the
Almighty One, had given them. He took the box and opened one end. At once
the worldly people were as the “dry leaves in autumn when a puff of wind
crumbles them into dust.” [14]
“And,” concluded the Story Teller, as we paddled lazily along, drinking in the
mystic beauty of a starlit Northern night, “to me and my people the Sun, Moon,
Sky and Rainbow are emblems the Almighty One has put in the heavens to
show that the Red Men shall increase and prosper and people the earth for as
long as the sun and moon shall shine.”
[Contents]
The Great Peace Dance
A spring day in Alaska! Since early dawn we had paddled swiftly along in a
world wrapped in a blue haze. On our right tall fir trees rose mistily from the
shore. On our left the faint line of lofty mountain ranges melted into the blue grey
of a cloudless sky. The seagulls spiraled high overhead, then, swooping low,
were lost in the white-capped waves. The tang of the sea filled our nostrils and
the rising wind whipped the spray in our faces and sent the blood tingling
through our veins.
We rounded a jutting point and came in sight of the deserted village of Kasaan.
Lofty totem poles were etched against the sky. Some leaned drunkenly toward
decaying lodges half buried in underbrush.
Gun used by Hydahs in the Last Big Fight with the Tsimpseans
“Here was fought the last great battle between the Tsimpseans and Hydahs,”
said the Story Teller. “My mother has many times told me the tale as it was told
to her by her grandfather, who took a Hydah maiden for his wife. She was a
blood relation of Chief Skowel, he who was greatest of all the Hydah chiefs.”
The rain had begun to fall, so we landed and as we cooked our breakfast over
the campfire he told me the story.
“You must know that some of my people came from far to the southward and
settled near the Stikine River many, many moons ago. There the Hydahs came
seeking safety from their enemies, the Tsimpseans. The streams were full of
fish. There were deer in the forest and game was plentiful. They settled there
and became rich and had many elaidi (slaves). [15]
Courtesy Mrs. F. J. Hunt
“We came in sight of the deserted village of Kasaan”
[16]
“See how the totem poles in front of Chief Skowel’s lodge rise high above all the
others! That tells how big a chief he was. In his lodge was danced the great
peace dance which ended the long war between the Hydahs and the
Tsimpseans.
“Farther back than my grandfather’s father can remember the Hydahs and the
Tsimpseans had made war upon each other. They made raids at night and the
maidens and young braves taken prisoners were treated as slaves. Every time a
chief became sick or died, a totem pole was raised, or a potlatch given, some of
these slaves were killed and their bodies thrown on the beach to be eaten by the
crows. The number of holes in the ears of a chief told how many potlatches he
had given.
“One day the Hydahs looked and saw that the water was black with canoes. The
Tsimpseans were coming to make war upon them. Twenty young Hydah braves
got into two big canoes and went to meet them. They offered to make peace
with them. But the Tsimpseans had long looked with longing eyes on their rich
hunting grounds, and refused.
“The Tsimpseans had seven canoes and over a hundred men. But the Hydahs
had two guns which they had traded many furs for from the Pale Faces far to the
Northward at Sheet-kah (Sitka). They shot off the guns and the noise was like
the roar of thunder. Their enemies leaped backward in terror. Their canoes were
overturned and so many were killed that the water was red with blood.
“They called upon Sha-nung-et-lag-e-das (God) but he heard them not.
“So the Tsimpseans surrendered and Chief Skowel gave a great peace dance.
The two tribes were drawn up facing each other. Then a young brave from each
side advanced and choosing one of his former foes carried him off to his side.
He was not allowed to walk throughout the long ceremony and was treated with
the greatest honor. This was to show that they would now treat each other as
brothers and freely visit each other’s camp fires.
“If you will visit my lodge in Ketchikan, a day’s journey to the northward,”
concluded the Story Teller, “I shall show you one of the guns used in that last big
fight. It was given to me by my grandmother, she who was a blood relation of
Chief Skowel. She told me it was made in Sheet-kah (Sitka) in the days when
the Russians made many guns and cannons and built great ships to send over
the Big Water. It is a flint lock and made fine and strong. Many come to see it
and offer me plenty furs or bags of the white man’s money for it.” [17]
“The Star House had a round door”
[18]
[Contents]
The Battle with the Sand Fleas
The rain had ceased and the sun had swept aside the veil of mist disclosing a
glorious panorama of sea and sky. We stepped into our canoe and turned its
nose northward.
The sun was setting in a riot of gorgeous colors as we rounded Pinnoch Island
and saw the thriving little city of Ketchikan stretching for miles along the
waterfront. “Ketch-kaw” the Indians named it, meaning wedged in between two
mountains. The harbor was crowded with ships. Great concrete buildings rose
against the sky. One by one lights began to flash out from pretty homes
crowding hillside and waterfront and were reflected in the waters of Tongass
Narrows. As lovely a scene as any famed Venice can boast.
Then the Story Teller broke the long silence.
“It was here that the Thlingets fought and conquered the Tsimpseans. It ended
the war that began so long ago that no one can remember. One, two, perhaps
three hundred years ago.
“Before that time the Thlingets and the Tsimpseans were brothers. They visited
and feasted and danced together. So it happened that two Thlinget princes
looked with favor upon a fair Tsimpsean maiden. They quarreled. Their blood
relations took up the quarrel. There were angry looks and loud words and much
fighting. In one of these fights one of the Thlinget princes was killed.
“An Old Indian War Canoe”
“Then the Thlingets hated the Tsimpseans with a fierce hatred because one of
their maidens had brought this evil upon them. In those days the Indian believed
in an eye for an eye, a life for a life. So they fell upon the Tsimpseans and slew
one of the sons of their chief. Then for many, many moons they made war upon
each other.
“The Thlingets made a big camp at Ketch-kah. They built three great log forts.
One was where Chief Johnson’s lodge now stands. [19]
Courtesy Mrs. F. J. Hunt

“The Thlingets built a fort where Chief Johnson’s lodge now stands”
[20]
“The Thlingets called the Tsimpseans Klah-neets (sand fleas) because they
would pop up and shoot at them, then disappear in the sand and underbrush, or
would steal into their camp and carry off their young men and maidens and
make slaves of them. They came noiselessly and were gone, leaving no
footprints.
“The Tsimpseans had one small cannon. They had gotten it from the Hudson
Bay Company, far to the southward, in exchange for furs. While their enemies
slept, they carried the cannon to the top of the hill and fired on the fort. Then a
terrible battle was fought. The Thlingets seized their war clubs and fell upon the
Tsimpseans with such fury that almost all of them were either killed or taken
prisoner. Then the Tsimpsean tribe laid down their war clubs and again lived in
peace with the Thlingets.
“But,” said the Story Teller, “my people were still at war with a Thlinget clan that
made their camp at Sheet-kah. It started longer, much longer ago than the war
with the Tsimpseans. They fought with bows and arrows and with clubs made of
bone.
“This was the way the big fight started. Every year my people would take plenty
salmon over to Pinnock Island and hang it there to dry for their winter food.
“The Sheet-kah Indians had fine big canoes. They made them of rotten spruce
logs, which they hollowed out with sharp stones. Some of them held thirty or
forty people. In them they would paddle as far south as Dixon’s Entrance fishing
and trading. Once they landed on Pinnock Island and carried off all the salmon
they found there.
“That winter was long and cold and there was very little food. The old and many
young children died. Then the hearts of my people grew hot with anger. There
was a big fight and Chief Nah-goot was killed by Schook-klatch, chief of the
Sheet-kah tribe. Then they fight, fight, all the time fight until Captain Cook came.
He was the first Pale Face my people had ever seen. Soon the Red Men began
trading furs for guns with which to fight each other.
“But at last the great white chief in Washington sent his soldiers to tell the Red
Men that they must live in peace with each other. There must be no more
fighting.
“Now,” said the Store Teller proudly, “my people live like their white brothers. Our
children go to school. We have fine big fishing boats. Our lodges are like the
white men’s lodges.
“There,” pointing to where half a mile away a long pier extended far out from the
little village of Saxman, “I hope some day to see an Indian village like the white
men’s villages, where [21]my people will be able to do all that my white brothers
do. Its harbor will be crowded with fishing boats. There shall be canneries and
sawmills so our children need not seek work in the villages of the white men.
The Indian will no longer be a child. He will be a man.
“But,” the Story Teller ended sadly, “the young look not with the eyes of the old. I
dream, but my dreams may not come true.”
[Contents]
The First Lincoln Statue
“It was one of my people, Thle-da, the most skillful carver of all the Thlinget
nation, who carved that totem in honor of the great white chief, Abraham
Lincoln,” said the Story Teller proudly as he pointed to a lofty totem pole from
which the benign face of the great emancipator looked down upon a deserted
Indian village.
The setting sun had changed the misty blue of Northern skies into a marvelous
canopy of red and gold. It bathed the distant snow-capped mountains in a rosy
light and sent a warm golden glow over the quiet waters of Nakat Bay as he told
the story of how over fifty years ago his tribe had sought shelter under the Stars
and Stripes and been saved from slavery or complete extermination.
“My people are of the Tongass tribe of the Thlingets,” he went on. “They are of
the Raven clan. Long before the Pale Faces journeyed to the land which the
white man calls Alaska, they were at war with the Kok-wan-tans, who belonged
to the Eagle clan of the Thlingets and were always on the war path. They burned
our lodges. They carried off our fairest maidens and our young men and made
slaves of them.
“At last only a few stalwart braves were left to guard our old men and women
and children. They were driven farther and farther away until they found shelter
on a low, sandy island a day’s journey from their old hunting grounds near
Dixon’s Entrance.
“There their enemies could not fall upon them unawares, for the land was level
as the palm of my hand. They built a great fort of logs and slept always with their
clubs by their side.
“But the Kok-wan-tans knew that on the island there were no springs of water
and little wood for their campfires. So they waited with the watchful patience of
the Red Man for the time when no longer the smoke of their campfires should
curl upward.
“One day Kayak, a friendly Indian, noiselessly paddled into the [22]little cove near
the lodge and landed. He told them of a strange ship, like a great bird, that had
come from far to the southward. On it were many Pale Faces. They had built a
big fort on the island of Kut-tuk-wah and the Red Men were no longer allowed to
make war on each other.
“They had been sent, Kayak said, by their chief, Abraham Lincoln. He had freed
the Black Men who had been slaves to the Pale Faces for many moons. Now he
had sent his soldiers to free the Red Men. The Kok-wan-tans must wash off their
war paint and bury their war clubs.
“So,” continued the Story Teller, “my people watched and when their enemies
were sleeping they took their canoes and fled to this island, which the white men
now call Tongass Island. Here, guarded by the great ship “Lincoln,” Chief
Ebbetts and his people built their lodges and again raised their totem poles.
“For many years they lived in peace and prospered.
“But the Red Man forgets not. The Tongass Indians were grateful to their white
brothers. They listened when Chief Sewrard visited them and told them of the
great white chief who loved the Red Man.
“ ‘We are thankful,’ they said. ‘Our hearts salute him. No longer need we fear lest
we be made slaves and buried beneath the totem poles of our enemies.’
“One day Chief Ebbetts summoned his sub-chief Tsa-kad and said, ‘I am weary.
Soon I shall sleep the long sleep of the old. But my heart turns to my brother, the
great white chief Abraham Lincoln, for what he has done for my people. We shall
make a lofty totem pole and above the Raven, the crest of our tribe, we shall
carve a statue of Chief Lincoln.’
“So Thle-da, my father’s brother—he who could talk so marvelously with his
fingers—was given a picture of Chief Lincoln from which to carve the statue. He
worked while others slept and in the moon of nesting birds it was finished.
“Then Chief Ebbetts gave a big potlatch to which all the people in the village
were invited. The great totem pole was erected and for many days there was
dancing and feasting. Around the camp fire the elders again told how Abraham
Lincoln had stretched out his hands to them and saved them.
“But,” and the Story Teller shook his head mournfully, “the ancient village of my
people is now deserted. Their lodges are overgrown with weeds. Even our
Abraham Lincoln totem is crumbling away.
“In these days when men fly like birds and the voice travels swifter than an arrow
to its mark, surely Alaska is no longer [23]thought a shak-nah-ahm (foreign)
country, and our white chief in Washington will listen and grant the wish of his
children that this island with the first statue ever erected to Abraham Lincoln be
cared for so we may bring our children’s children to look upon it.”
“We shall erect a totem in honor of the great
white chief, Lincoln”
[24]
“He carves totem poles which tell the history of his people”
[25]
[Contents]

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10) ________ is data about relationships.

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50) Value chains determine unstructured business processes.

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“They called upon Sha-nung-et-lag-e-das (God) but he heard them not.

Then the Story Teller broke the long silence.

“An Old Indian War Canoe”

Courtesy Mrs. F. J. Hunt

“For many years they lived in peace and prospered.

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