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1. When taking this test, which activity is NOT heavily programmed by the frontal lobes?
A) seeing the print on this page
B) understanding the test items
C) deciding to take this test
D) remembering what had been studied

2. If Clara is in the stage of “early childhood,” then she is:

A) between the ages of 3 and 6.
B) the middle child in her family.
C) in elementary school.
D) at the fiftieth percentile in height and weight.

3. Dr. Darwin is lecturing on why human childhood lasts such a long time. Which is NOT
a comment he probably would make?
A) “Only humans can build on the intellectual advances of previous generations.”
B) “Humans alone have huge, slow growing frontal lobes.”
C) “Only humans are expert at decoding other people's motivations.”
D) “Humans alone have bodies that can do incredible things.”

4. Humans alone have certain abilities, but humans and other species share the ability to:
A) use language.
B) understand the motivations of others.
C) build on past insights and achievements.
D) grasp objects and walk.

5. Based on the text, what trait makes human beings stand out?
A) language
B) the ability to walk upright
C) flexible hands
D) a long life expectancy

6. According to the text, cell phones, cities, and technological advances are caused by the
exceptional ability of humans to:
A) grasp other people's inner motivations and intentions.
B) walk on two feet.
C) see details.
D) use tools.

Page 1
 7. Which part of the brain develops last?
A) motor cortex
B) frontal lobes
C) temporal lobe
D) visual cortex

8. Which part of the brain is responsible for thinking through and inhibiting actions?
A) motor cortex
B) frontal lobes
C) temporal lobe
D) visual cortex

9. At roughly which age do the frontal lobes begin their pruning phase?
A) 3 years
B) 9 years
C) in a person's early twenties
D) 40 years

10. If Sunay is 21, his _____ has not fully developed.

A) motor cortex
B) myelin sheath
C) visual cortex
D) hippocampus

11. Mary Ann tells you that she plans to completely toilet train Kimbra by her second
birthday. Based on this chapter, the main problem with this plan for Kimbra is that the:
A) frontal lobes are just beginning to develop.
B) motor cortex is just beginning to develop.
C) child is in the terrible twos.
D) child will not be able to sit on the toilet.

12. Young children can run and jump well before they can follow the rules of games
because the:
A) motor cortex develops before the frontal lobes.
B) frontal lobes develop before the motor cortex.
C) frontal lobes are not fully mature until middle childhood.
D) motor cortex is not fully mature until middle childhood.

Page 2
13. Neural pruning in the frontal lobes begins:
A) late in infancy.
B) at around age 5.
C) at around age 9.
D) after puberty.

14. During childhood a child's:

A) head and body grow at the same rate.
B) limbs and body become more rounded.
C) hands and arms grow more rapidly than the limbs.
D) body thins out and the limbs get longer.

15. Which is an example of a (1) gross motor talent and (2) a fine motor talent?
A) (1) forming letters; (2) climbing a tree
B) (1) climbing a tree; (2) forming letters
C) (1) drawing a portrait; (2) painting a wall
D) (1) cutting out a paper snowflake; (2) sawing through a tree

16. With regard to sex differences in childhood motor skills:

A) boys and girls appear to be equal.
B) girls appear to be superior at fine motor skills; boys at gross motor skills.
C) boys appear to be superior at fine motor skills; girls at gross motor tasks.
D) both sexes, are equal, but girls appear to more easily improve with practice.

17. If Carmen is coaching a mixed-gender softball team, the boys will MOST likely have
the clear-cut advantage:
A) pitching faster and hitting the ball harder.
B) knowing the rules of the game.
C) catching the ball.
D) not striking out when up at bat.

18. In choosing the best baseball players for an elementary school baseball team, and with
all things being equal, would a coach choose Sandra or Sam to play on the team?
A) Sandra—she may be able to hit the ball more easily.
B) Sam—he will be able to run faster.
C) either child—Sandra may be able to connect with the ball more easily, but Sam
will be able to run faster.
D) either child—Sandra will be able to run faster, but Sam will be able to hit the ball
more easily.

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19. During kindergarten, which physical ability suggests a child might be academically
advanced at school?
A) running fast
B) reproducing designs the child has seen on a previous page
C) drawing a face
D) hitting a ball

20. A five-year-old who is incredibly talented at remembering and copying designs will
MOST likely be _____ at a younger age.
A) writing well
B) playing softball
C) running fast
D) speaking well

21. Three-year-old Meilin is unusually good at climbing, jumping, and catching a ball. Her
parents should:
A) start to train her at sports right away.
B) give her chances to exercise her skills, but not push her too hard.
C) try to get her to slow down a bit.
D) understand that she isn't likely to do well at academics in first grade.

22. Worldwide, the greatest threat to children's physical development is _____.

A) obesity
B) polluted water
C) inadequate nutrition
D) overprotective parents

23. Undernutrition—or not having enough food—has all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A) impairing physical development.
B) compromising social relationships.
C) affecting play.
D) making children intensely angry.

24. In the United States, children are labeled “obese” when their body mass index (BMI) is
at or above the:
A) 95th percentile for their age group.
B) 95th percentile for their age group in a 1960s national poll.
C) 75th percentile for their age group in 2000.
D) 75th percentile for their age group in a 1970s national poll.

Page 4
25. Compared to the early 1970s, what fraction of elementary school children are now
overweight or obese?
A) the same percentage
B) twice as many
C) three times as many
D) more than four times as many

26. Obesity rates in the United States rose the most dramatically during the:
A) 1950s.
B) 1980s.
C) early 2000s.
D) second decade of the twenty-first century.

27. Dr. Large wants to summarize a few obesity statistics as of 2015. Which is NOT a
statement he should make?
A) “Obesity 'took off' in the United States during the 1980s.”
B) “Obesity rates differ by ethnic group.”
C) “Obesity rates differ from nation to nation.”
D) “Adolescent obesity in the United States has declined significantly.”

28. The fewest overweight or obese children would MOST likely be found in:
A) Scandinavia.
B) Greece.
C) the United States.
D) Egypt, among rich children in Cairo.

29. Which statement currently describes childhood obesity rates in the United States?
A) declining at young ages, but still unacceptably high
B) declining at every age, but still unacceptably high
C) rising at young ages
D) rising at every age

30. Dr. Slim is giving a lecture on the prevalence of U.S. childhood obesity. Which is NOT
a statement she should make?
A) “Low-income children have higher rates.”
B) “Rates are higher among African American and Latino children.”
C) “Rural areas have higher rates.”
D) “Rates are higher among preschoolers than in the past.”

Page 5
31. All are epigenetic forces that predict later obesity EXCEPT:
A) being born excessively large.
B) being born excessively small.
C) rapidly gaining weight during the first year of life.
D) having a slim mom.

32. Which environmental influence does NOT promote increased obesity rates among
children?
A) more time spent watching TV
B) less time spent playing outdoors
C) easy access to low-cost high-calorie food
D) conflict between parents

33. The best predictor of a 5-year-old's weight is:

A) the mother's weight.
B) the amount of food the child eats.
C) access to fast foods in the child's neighborhood.
D) being breast-fed.

34. Joanne's baby was born 6 weeks early and weighed 4 pounds. But during her first year
of life, the baby very rapidly gained weight. Based on the text, what should a person
think?
A) Great; this shows that the baby is healthy.
B) Not so great; this might predict the baby will have issues with obesity.
C) It depends on the baby's weight during elementary school.
D) It depends on whether the baby is a girl or a boy.

35. Unusually rapid weight gain _____ is a good predictor of later obesity.
A) in the first 2 months of life
B) during infancy and early childhood
C) in elementary school
D) in high school

36. When do children in the United States begin to look down on and make fun of obese
kids?
A) in preschool
B) in the stage of concrete operations
C) by late elementary school
D) at age 1

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37. All are good suggestions for controlling childhood obesity EXCEPT:
A) preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
B) limiting excessive feeding during infancy.
C) making parents and children collaborators in obesity control interventions.
D) putting children on strict diets.

38. When Ernesto sees his mommy roll the thick ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie
crust, he says, “Now there is more dough, because it's bigger.” His sister Lara tells
Ernesto, “No, it's the same amount because Mommy could just roll it back again and it
would look the same.” According to Piaget's framework, Ernesto can't conserve and
Lara can _____.
A) conserve
B) make a pie crust
C) think abstractly
D) decenter

39. Boris looks at a bouquet of daisies and carnations, and knows that there are more
flowers than daisies in the vase. Boris understands _____.
A) class inclusion
B) seriation
C) conservation of mass
D) identity constancy

40. Which term describes each of the following concrete operational skills? (1) Putting
objects in order by their size; (2) understanding that changing the shape of a substance
doesn't change its amount; (3) realizing that candy is the name for both chocolate and
gummy bears.
A) (1) seriation; (2) conservation of mass; (3) class inclusion
B) (1) conservation of mass; (2) class inclusion; (3) seriation
C) (1) seriation; (2) class inclusion; (3) conservation of mass
D) (1) conservation of mass; (2) seriation; (3) class inclusion

41. Which situation shows that the child can't conserve?

A) Marta thinks she should eat her lunch before she gets to school.
B) Chao thinks he has more juice than his sister, because his bottle is poured into a
taller glass.
C) Hermia thinks her daddy has turned into a superhero when he puts on a costume.
D) Debare thinks that his toy bear is alive.

Page 7
42. Three-year-old Lola watches her mommy roll a ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie
crust, and exclaims, “You made more dough!” Lola lacks an understanding of the
conservation of _____.
A) matter
B) number
C) mass
D) volume

43. Which situation shows a child's lack of an understanding of identity constancy?

A) Marta thinks she should eat lunch before she gets to school.
B) Chao thinks he has more juice than his sister, because his bottle is poured into a
taller glass.
C) Hermia thinks her daddy is turned into a superhero when he puts on a costume.
D) Debare thinks that his toy bear is alive.

44. Which child is showing animism?

A) Marta, who eats her lunch before she gets to school.
B) Chao, who thinks he has more juice than his sister, because his bottle is poured into
a taller glass.
C) Hermia, who thinks her daddy is turned into a superhero when he puts on a
costume.
D) Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive.

45. Identify each boy's type of preoperational thought: (1) thinks his daddy made the moon;
(2) believes his stuffed bear is alive; (3) thinks his sister turned into a boy when she got
a haircut.
A) (1) animism; (2) artificialism; (3) no identity constancy
B) (1) artificialism; (2) animism; (3) no identity constancy
C) (1) no identity constancy; (2) artificialism; (3) animism
D) (1) artificialism; (2) no identity constancy; (3) animism

46. A child says, “The moon goes to sleep because I go to sleep.” Which two types of
preoperational thought does this statement illustrate?
A) egocentrism and animism
B) no identity constancy and animism
C) no conservation and egocentrism
D) animism and artificialism

Page 8
47. When his mom tosses the action figures into the toy box and slams the lid, Robbie cries,
“No! They're scared of the dark!” Susie assumes that her grandma knows she went to
the beach yesterday, even though she didn't tell her. Robbie's comment shows _____
and Susie's illustrates egocentrism.
A) artificialism
B) animism
C) egocentrism
D) reversibility

48. The following example that BEST illustrates Piaget's concept of egocentrism is a child
who:
A) insists that the whole family must do what she wants.
B) has a tantrum when she doesn't get her way.
C) thinks that other people automatically know everything that's in his head.
D) has trouble waiting his turn in line.

49. All are signs that a child has entered the stage of concrete operations EXCEPT:
A) following the rules of a game.
B) understanding simple math.
C) cleaning up toys.
D) understanding that when juice is poured into a different shaped container, the
amount of juice hasn't changed.

50. Which child has probably entered the stage of concrete operations?
A) Sobechi, who can follow the rules of a game
B) Saada, who can draw a face well
C) Sato, who can count to 100
D) Sally, who knows the names of the kids in her class

51. A preschool teacher's class gets angry when she pours identical cartons of juice into
different shaped glasses. According to Piaget's theory, in which way should the teacher
BEST react to the class?
A) Seize the moment to teach the children the concepts of conservation.
B) Buy the same-sized glasses, as children at this age can't understand conservation.
C) Put the children in time out.
D) Send the children for psychological testing.

Page 9
52. Generalizing from the discussion of Piaget, what is the best way to teach children math?
A) Give students extra drills and worksheets.
B) Illustrate mathematical principles through hands-on activities.
C) Give students prizes for performing well in math.
D) Push kids to learn math in kindergarten.

53. All are signs that a child has entered the stage of concrete operations EXCEPT:
A) an interest in games, such as checkers, rather than playing “pretend.”
B) an ability to “get” school by understanding basic addition and subtraction.
C) the capacity to be home alone for short periods of time, without the parents being
worried.
D) being more scared of imaginary monsters than before.

54. Dr. Perfectionist is criticizing some of Piaget's ideas. She can legitimately make all of
the following statements EXCEPT:
A) “Rather than occurring all at once, the transition from preoperations to concrete
operations takes place gradually.”
B) “In other societies, children reach specific conservations earlier, showing that you
can teach children to conserve.”
C) “Children are far less egocentric than Piaget believed.”
D) “There is no universal change from preoperational to concrete operational
thought.”

55. The MAIN basic philosophical difference between Piaget and Vygotsky is that Piaget
believed:
A) people learn through hands on experience; Vygotsky believed people only learn
through being taught.
B) in capitalism; Vygotsky believed in communism.
C) people only learn through being taught; Vygotsky believed people only learn
through hands on experience.
D) in communism; Vygotsky believed in capitalism.

56. A coach is using scaffolding in teaching baseball if she:

A) helps a child hold a bat, then, after that step has been mastered, moves on to hitting
the ball.
B) teaches a child the rules of the game, then watches to see how well that boy or girl
performs.
C) has the child watch and imitate her as she hits the ball.
D) has the child try to master the game totally on his or her own.

Page 10
57. Which person is teaching by using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
A) Ms. Trong, who spaces the desks in a classroom so that every student can see the
board.
B) Mr. Smith, who figures out what each child knows now and then determines what
that child is capable of understanding through instruction.
C) Mrs. Banda, who makes sure that every student learns at the same pace.
D) Mr. Doud, who has the class do individual projects.

58. Which teacher is using Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding in teaching math?

A) Mr. Chen, who makes sure his students have mastered each step in learning long
division, and then gradually backs off and allows the class to practice on their own.
B) Mr. Shepherd, who drills his students in long division, and then gives a
multiple-choice test to see what the class has learned.
C) Mr. Olinksy, who tries to get his students to figure out long division on their own.
D) Ms. Lahod, who goes over long division in a single class period.

59. According to Vygotsky beliefs, when a professor teaches, that professor:

A) is learning as much from interacting with his students as they are from him.
B) is the boss.
C) should let her students try to figure out the material on their own.
D) should reinforce the class by giving out mostly “A”s.

60. Vygotsky would believe that, as a student is responding to test items, that student is:
A) learning the concepts better through making his or her responses.
B) drawing only on memorization skills.
C) becoming uninterested, or “turned off,” to school.
D) not learning while responding, but only showing what has already been learned.

61. In Western societies, all are qualities involved in “superior” scaffolding EXCEPT:
A) fostering a secure attachment and building in motivation.
B) entering a child's zone of proximal development.
C) letting children figure things out totally on their own.
D) breaking large cognitive challenges into smaller, easier-to-master steps.

62. Dr. Cognition is lecturing on Vygotsky's ideas. Which is NOT a statement Dr.
Cognition should make?
A) “People develop intellectually through social interactions.”
B) “Learning is bidirectional—teachers learn from their students while they teach.”
C) “Learning occurs on our own inner timetable.”
D) “Learning takes place within a child's zone of proximal development.”

Page 11
63. An information-processing researcher would state that learning:
A) and memory go through stages.
B) takes place in qualitatively different stages.
C) occurs according to one's own inner timetable.
D) is a collaborative process.

64. In the information-processing framework, _____ memory is the name for the process of
transforming material into information that can later be remembered.
A) sensory
B) working
C) long-term
D) short-term

65. All are true about working memory EXCEPT that it:
A) has an infinite capacity.
B) processes information into “real memory,” or a more permanent store.
C) consists of limited capacity holding bins.
D) grows in capacity as children move from preschool to elementary school.

66. In the information-processing framework on memory, the executive processor:

A) transforms items in working memory bins into material to be remembered later.
B) keeps people's working memory bins intact.
C) enables people to hear information more clearly.
D) teaches people to think more deeply about life.

67. Which is the BEST example of information that is currently in working memory?
A) Seki keeps the number of her classroom in her mind as she walks to class.
B) Sadiq writes the number of his classroom down so he won't forget it.
C) Susan memorizes the number of her classroom so she can easily find it.
D) Seth forgets the number of his classroom.

68. Working memory-bin space enlarges most dramatically during _____.

A) infancy
B) elementary school
C) adolescence
D) midlife

Page 12
69. Which of the following is NOT an ability that involves executive functions?
A) inhibiting a child's responses
B) planning and organizing a child's behavior
C) selectively attending to what a child needs to learn
D) freely expressing a child's emotions

70. In what grade do children FIRST use rehearsal effectively when studying for tests?
A) kindergarten
B) first grade
C) fifth grade
D) senior year of high school

71. Which is the BEST example of selective attention?

A) Kanesha highlights material she needs to know for a test and studies that
information.
B) Tania keeps going over the information she needs to know for a test.
C) Tara decides not to go to a party, and instead stays at home to study for a test.
D) Keith decides that he is going to fail an upcoming test.

72. During dinner, a father, who is a psychologist, tells his 4 and 8-year-old sons, “Only pay
attention to what I say,” then later tests how much each boy remembers of his own and
everyone else's conversation. Based on the selective-attention research, which are the
MOST likely test results?
A) The 8-year-old will do better at remembering his father's conversation, but each
boy will remember everyone else's conversation equally well.
B) The 8-year-old will do better at remembering both his father's and everyone else's
conversations.
C) Both boys will remember all conversations equally well.
D) The 4-year-old will do better at remembering all conversations.

Page 13
73. In order, which are examples of studying by using (1) rehearsal, (2) selective attention,
and (3) inhibition?
A) (1) repeating the chapter definitions; (2) focusing only on material that needs to be
known; (3) deciding to keep studying even though there is a party to go to
B) (1) focusing only on the material that needs to be known; (2) repeating the chapter
definitions to oneself; (3) deciding to keep studying rather than go to a party
C) (1) deciding to keep studying even though there is a party to go to; (2) repeating the
chapter definitions to oneself; (3) focusing only on the material that needs to be
known
D) (1) focusing only on the material that needs to be known; (2) deciding to keep
studying even though there is a party to go to; (3) repeating the chapter definitions
to oneself.

74. Goran can't resist racing around the classroom while he is supposed to sit still and listen
to his teacher. Goran is having trouble with which two executive functions?
A) selective attention and rehearsal
B) rehearsal and inhibition
C) inhibition and selective attention
D) working memory and sensory memory

75. When her brother gets up and starts to leave the room, Shara can't follow the
instructions to sit still and listen to her mother. Shara is having trouble with:
A) inhibition and selective attention.
B) long-term memory and selective attention.
C) rehearsal and selective attention.
D) inhibition and long-term memory.

76. Which is the BEST example of inhibition?

A) Ida stops herself from checking social media sites during class.
B) Ifede takes notes on what the teacher says.
C) Alana focuses on what the teacher says.
D) Adam writes a comment and posts it on-line during class.

77. A mother confides to her 12-year-old and 5-year-old children that she is planning a
surprise for Grandma's birthday, and swears the siblings to secrecy. Who will MOST
likely keep the secret?
A) both siblings
B) the 5-year-old
C) the 12-year-old
D) neither sibling

Page 14
78. Based on the text's information-processing section, parents can help children
“remember” by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
A) teaching organizational strategies.
B) understanding that simultaneously completing different tasks will be especially
difficult.
C) keeping children “on task” by keeping them away from tempting distractions.
D) using power assertion.

79. All are core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) EXCEPT for:
A) difficulties with selective attention.
B) problems with inhibition.
C) difficulties performing a sequence of tasks.
D) serious depression.

80. Sara's son has just been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). A developmentalist can predict all of the following EXCEPT that Sara's son
probably:
A) is in elementary school.
B) has trouble focusing.
C) has trouble getting ready for school.
D) receives a low intelligence test score.

81. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is MOST often diagnosed among:

A) preschool boys.
B) elementary school girls.
C) elementary school boys.
D) preschool girls.

82. Dr. Smart is giving a talk on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). She

would most likely make all of these statements EXCEPT:
A) “There are many (often unclear) causes for this condition.”
B) “This condition only occurs during elementary school.”
C) “Lower than normal output of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be the cause of
this condition.”
D) “This condition involves deficits with executive functions.”

Page 15
83. Pree's son has just been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), and she needs advice. A developmentalist can tell her all of the following
EXCEPT:
A) “This condition always goes away after elementary school.”
B) “There are many unclear causes for this condition.”
C) “Providing strict rules can help to improve this condition.”
D) “This condition always persists into adult life.”

84. Nancy's preschooler has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

(ADHD), and she asks, “Will my son have this condition as he gets older?” Which is the
BEST answer?
A) “No; these symptoms tend to go away with age.”
B) “Yes; symptoms always persist.”
C) “It is unclear since symptoms can take many paths.”
D) “Over time, symptoms tend to get worse.”

85. All may cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms EXCEPT:

A) genetic predispositions.
B) delayed brain maturation.
C) permissive parenting.
D) low dopamine output.

86. Tran has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which
is NOT a difficulty he will have?
A) getting ready for school by a certain time
B) studying when there are distractions
C) inhibiting his responses
D) expressing his emotions

87. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems with all
of the following EXCEPT:
A) selective attention.
B) inhibition.
C) executive functions.
D) expressing emotions.

Page 16
88. A child has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Which ability or abilities are LEAST likely to be affected?
A) selective attention
B) inhibition
C) vision and hearing
D) social relationships

89. All are treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) EXCEPT:

A) training parents.
B) teaching techniques to enhance working memory.
C) changing the child's diet.
D) providing strict rules.

90. In treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychologists MOST often

advocate:
A) psychoanalysis.
B) psycho-stimulant medication, such as Ritalin.
C) medication combined with therapeutic interventions.
D) strict discipline.

91. All of the following strategies help children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) to focus EXCEPT:
A) “white” background noise.
B) regular exercise.
C) strict discipline.
D) providing small reinforcers for doing well, rather than having a child wait for a big
prize.

92. All are school strategies to help children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) EXCEPT to give these children:
A) learning tasks in a gaming format.
B) regular physical activity.
C) small immediate rewards.
D) strict discipline.

Page 17
93. To help a child with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
parents need to:
A) offer the best child–environment fit.
B) get the child into therapy.
C) provide very high expectations.
D) use power assertion.

94. With regard to the value of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

medications, which is the MOST accurate statement?
A) “They are terrific at curing the problem.”
B) “Even though they have their downsides, they also do work.”
C) “All of them are totally ineffective.”
D) “They are welcomed by all parents.”

95. The text implies that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a:

A) myth.
B) clear-cut category.
C) partial function of a poor childhood–society fit.
D) less popular diagnosis than in the past.

96. Identify which theorist/perspective provides the best answers for the following
situations: (1) exploring children's different ideas about the world; (2) developing a
general strategy for teaching; (3) understanding how memory operates.
A) (1) Vygotsky; (2) Piaget; (3) information processing
B) (1) Piaget; (2) information processing; (3) Vygotsky
C) (1) Piaget; (2) Vygotsky; (3) information processing
D) (1) information processing; (2) Piaget; (3) Vygotsky

97. According to Vygotsky, when a child talks to herself, it is normal and she is learning to:
A) isolate herself from people.
B) control and monitor her behavior.
C) express her emotions.
D) make up new emotions.

Page 18
 98. Mousa tells his 3-year-old, “Don't go outside until Daddy says,” and later overhears the
child saying, “Mark no go outside till Daddy says.” Based on Vygotsky's ideas about
language, this parent should feel that his son:
A) is learning to monitor his behavior and internalize rules.
B) is learning to express himself.
C) may be developing a mental disorder.
D) has to learn not to speak about things out loud that are on his mind.

99. The “b” and “c” sounds of language are called _____.
A) morphemes
B) syntax
C) semantics
D) phonemes

100. When are children typically able to produce grammatically correct sentences?
A) at about age 4
B) by the time they enter school
C) during late elementary school
D) just before adolescence

101. The basic units of meaning in a language, such as “boy” and “s” for “boys” are called
_____.
A) morphemes
B) syntax
C) semantics
D) phonemes

102. Link the correct language term to the following: (1) the “b” sound in “boy”; (2) the
definition of “boy”; (3) the units of meaning conveyed by the word “boy”:
A) (1) phoneme; (2) semantics; (3) morpheme
B) (1) semantics; (2) phoneme; (3) morpheme
C) (1) morpheme; (2) phoneme; (3) semantics
D) (1) semantics; (2) morpheme; (3) phoneme

103. The mean length of utterance (MLU) refers to the average number of:
A) words per sentence.
B) phonemes per sentence.
C) morphemes per sentence.
D) syllables per word.

Page 19
104. The sentence, “The boys ran home,” contains _____ mean length of utterances (MLUs).
A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

105. Which facet of language grows throughout a person's life?

A) semantic abilities
B) syntactic abilities
C) phonemic articulation
D) inner speech

106. Link the language issues involved: (1) Janek, says, “I saw some gooses.” (2) Jana says,
“I no like gooses.” (3) Tommy refers to every bird as a “goose.”
A) (1) overextension; (2) overregulation; (3) problem with syntax
B) (1) overregulation; (2) overextension; (3) problem with syntax
C) (1) overregulation; (2) problem with syntax; (3) overextension
D) (1) problem with syntax; (2) overregulation; (3) overextension

107. An example of autobiographical memory is remembering:

A) the importance of reviewing on Thursday night for Friday's test.
B) details about one's high school graduation.
C) the autobiography of George Washington.
D) the lines of a play.

108. Which example BEST illustrates a past-talk conversation?

A) Delia talks about the terrific time she had last summer at the beach.
B) Antonio discusses a phobia he has about whales.
C) Lara explains how many kinds of dolphins there are.
D) Nestor plans what to do next summer at the beach.

109. Cindy and her father are talking about their trip to the zoo. Her father asks, “What
animals did we see?” “Which one had babies?” To ask the type of questions the father is
asking, Cindy MOST likely is about _____ old.
A) 1 1 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 6 years
D) 9 years

Page 20
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 'Alison,' said he, attempting to take her hand.

Her eyes flashed now, and her proud little lip curled, as she said, 'Lord
Cadbury, when did I give you permission to call me—as papa does—by my
Christian name?'

'Why do you Lord me?' he asked; 'I would you called me—Timothy,' he
added, rather faintly; and at this absurd name a little smile flickered on
Alison's pale face, and a gesture of impatience escaped her, as she knew
that she was about to be subjected to some more of his odious and weary
love-making.

'My passion for you made me so modest and diffident,' said he (though
in reality it was his years), 'that I addressed myself first to your father,
though you were well aware of the sweet hopes I fostered in my heart,
Alison.'

'It is impossible for me to listen to more of this sort of thing, Lord

Cadbury.'

'I can scarcely believe that your decision is final—that you are in
earnest with me.'

'Earnest! Do you imagine, sir, that I would jest in this matter, and—and
with you?' she exclaimed, becoming—with all her native gentleness—
tremulous with suppressed passion.

'When once I ventured to hint of a deeper interest in you than mere

friendship, you did not discourage me,' urged Cadbury, who by use and
wont could make love in his own way pretty fluently now.

'Perhaps I misunderstood you,—or deemed it—deemed it——'

'What, Alison?'

'A fatherly interest.'

Cadbury winced a little at this remark.

 'In anything beyond that,' continued Alison, 'you perhaps do me honour,
but in any instance I can never love where I do not respect and esteem.'

'And have I forfeited your esteem?'

'Yes.'

'In what way?'

'By trepanning me on board this yacht—away from home and my

friends!'

'Friends at Aldershot,' thought Cadbury, as he laughed to himself and

said,

'But why so severe a term as trepanning?'

'You led me to believe when we quitted Chilcote in such hot haste that
instant flight alone in this vessel would save papa from arrest through
certain bills which he says he saw you destroy. So you and he—he,' she
added, with a heavy sob—'have both deceived me, and now I believe
neither of you. It was a vile trick on the part of you both to separate me
from Captain Goring.'

Cadbury had reckoned at least upon her gratitude for taking up the bills
of Slagg, as he had to some extent won that of her father; but even this plan
failed to serve him, and so far as Alison was concerned he might as well
have thrown his money into the sea. The name of his rival on her lips
infuriated him, and he tugged at his long, white horse-shoe moustache
viciously, as he thought that he had played what he deemed his trump card,
and yet lost after all!

He gave her a glance of a rather mingled nature and retreated to the

deck, where his discomposure of face and manner was so apparent to Sir
Ranald that, after a few words of explanation, the latter sought the cabin to
remonstrate with the unfortunate and weary Alison.
 As was before hinted, Sir Ranald's emotions were of a curiously
mingled nature. He felt that he certainly owed a debt of gratitude to Lord
Cadbury for relieving him of terrible monetary pressure, and he was
anxious, for various reasons, that Alison should accept him. He had no
romance in his nature—never had any, and did not believe that disparity of
years and tastes—still less a secret or previous fancy—were to be valued or
consulted at all!

He felt that he acted wisely to his daughter in leaguing with the wealthy
peer against her; yet, over and above all, he loved her dearly and tenderly;
and amid all this was an undying hostility to Bevil Goring, whom he
deemed the real cause of all this opposition to their wishes, and
consequently the present trouble, turmoil, and unnecessary voyaging in
rough and wintry weather.

Though it was a relief, without doubt, to be away now beyond the reach
or ken of the hook-nosed or vulture-eyed money-lenders, who, like Slagg,
had long possessed, among their ofttimes hopelessly-regarded assets, his
bills and acceptances.

He saw she looked pale, very pale indeed; but that, of course, he
attributed to the mal de mer; but as for love, no one, he believed, ever
sickened or died of that. A long separation was the surest and best cure.

'Foolish girl!' he began at once; 'still mooning, and actually talking, as

Cadbury told me, of that utterly ineligible and most detrimental fellow at
Aldershot; I am certain you could forget him if you tried, Alison. In these
days of ours, ninety-nine girls out of a hundred would leap with exultation
at such offers as those of Lord Cadbury.'

'Then, I suppose, I must be the hundredth girl, papa,' said Alison,

steadily and gravely; for a consciousness that her father, whom she had
deemed the mirror of honour, had leagued with this parvenu to deceive her,
had caused a change in her manner towards him.

'And I repeat that in these days of ours,' he continued, 'it is, or ought to
be, the object of both men and women to marry well.'
 'That is, to marry for money,' said Alison.

'Yes; if a girl has beauty and birth, but not money, she should look for
some one who has that more than necessary element towards our very
existence. If she has money with both these attributes, she should look for
something more.'

'More, papa?'

'Yes, she should look for that which a poor girl seldom or never has
offered her.'

'And what is that?'

'A title.'

'In fact, in any way or every way to sell herself to the highest bidder.
Oh, what a selfish code!' exclaimed the girl, with great bitterness of heart.
'Did the Cheynes of Essilmont always do this?'

'They of old were not as we are now.'

'What?'

'Beggars!' replied her father, with equal bitterness of heart, for his was
naturally a proud one; 'but, as Lever says, "the world makes us many things
we never meant to be."'

'Do you forget, papa, that marriage is a sacrament, and that without a
full and perfect consent it is in reality no marriage at all, and should not be
binding, even though the blessing were given by the Archbishop of
Canterbury.'

'What do you mean, Alison?' asked her father, surprised alike by her
tone and this theory.

'Simply what I say.'

'How dare you, a mere girl, talk thus?'

 'Take care, papa. If driven desperate, there is no knowing what I may—
not say—but do!'

Sir Ranald became silent. He had never seen her in this mood before;
and he, of course, ascribed it to 'the fatal influence that fellow Goring had
obtained over her mind.'

So this conversation ended; but the interview with her father and that
with Cadbury are but examples of many with which she was tormented
daily ad nauseam.

Alison ere long had fresh food for sorrow given to her, when a pilot
boat brought off to the Firefly some London papers, and in these she was
informed—as if by chance—there were rumours of the fast approaching
war in Africa, and she saw the glances, most meaning glances, of
satisfaction that were exchanged by her father and Lord Cadbury, on its
being announced that among the troops detailed for service in the field
under Sir Garnet Wolseley was the regiment of Bevil Goring; and so a
double and more terrible separation—perhaps a final and fatal one—was
before them, and the heart of the poor girl seemed to fill with tears as she
read and re-read the startling paragraph.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

LONDON: PRINTED BY DUNCAN MACDONALD, BLENHEIM HOUSE.

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