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Chapter 8: Political Parties
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Political parties are responsible for nominating candidates for offices but __________.
a. do not contribute financially to campaigns
b. do not run the government
c. have little power in challenging the party in power
d. have little influence in deciding government policy
e. have no true members
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 243 OBJ: LO1
NOT: Conceptual
2. A voter or a candidate who does not identify with a political party is called a(n) __________.
a. conservative
b. independent
c. liberal
d. libertarian
e. naysayer
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 244 OBJ: LO1
NOT: Factual
8. A political system in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning is called a
__________.
a. bicameral system
b. bifurcated government
c. bipartisan government
d. representative democracy
e. two-party system
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 246 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
9. The first partisan political division in the United States was between the __________.
a. Democrats and the Republicans
b. Federalists and the Anti-Federalists
c. Socialists and the Anti-Socialists
d. Whigs and the Republicans
e. Whigs and the Tories
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 246 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
10. In his farewell address, President __________ warned against the dangers of political parties.
a. Washington
b. Adams
c. Jefferson
d. Madison
e. Monroe
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 246 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
12. One consequential outcome attributed to the early presence of political parties in American politics
was __________.
a. a need to control campaign contributions
b. a decline in voter turnout in New England
c. an increase in corrupt political transactions
d. the peaceful transfer of power from one party to another
e. frequent violence during political campaigns
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 246 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Conceptual
13. From 1800 to 1820, a majority of U.S. voters regularly elected __________ to the presidency and to
Congress.
a. Democrats
b. Federalists
c. Progressives
d. Republicans
e. Whigs
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 247 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
14. Which of the following statements about the history of political parties is true?
a. The administration of John Adams was known as the era of good feelings.
b. During the era of good feelings, spirited competition between parties occurred in a context
of mutual respect and polite restraint.
c. During the era of good feelings, little emphasis was placed on personal politics but clear
ideological differences between candidates from different parties were everywhere
evident.
d. With the election of John Quincy Adams, the Republican Party split in two, creating the
Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.
e. After a couple of decades of one-party dominance, organized two-party politics returned in
1824.
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 247 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Conceptual
15. The followers of John Quincy Adams called themselves the __________.
a. Anti-Federalists
b. Democrats
c. Federalists
d. National Republicans
e. Progressives
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 247 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
16. __________ and his supporters formed the Democratic Party.
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. Andrew Jackson
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. Abraham Lincoln
e. George Washington
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 247 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
18. Which party did not align itself with the Republican Party in the 1850s?
a. antislavery Democrats
b. Federalists
c. Free Soilers
d. Northern Whigs
e. Southern Whigs
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 248 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
19. The __________ emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party and consisted of former Northern Whigs
and antislavery Democrats.
a. Democratic-Whigs
b. Free Soil Party
c. Jacksonian Democrats
d. Libertarian Party
e. Republican Party
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 248 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
26. Which of the following statements about the New Deal era is true?
a. The Great Depression shattered the belief of working-class Americans in Democratic
economic competence.
b. The Great Depression solidified the Republican Party as the dominant and most trusted
party in American government and politics.
c. Roosevelt’s relief programs were generally not available to African Americans, resulting
in African American antagonism toward the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.
d. The Great Depression resulted in the final transformation of the Democrats from a party of
limited government to a party of active government.
e. Republicans held the presidency from the early 1930s until the late 1960s.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 250 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Conceptual
28. New Deal programs, which were designed to address problems created by __________, helped elect a
number of twentieth-century Democratic presidents from, Franklin Roosevelt to Jimmy Carter.
a. the Civil War
b. the Great Depression
c. the spread of communism
d. World War I
e. World War II
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 250 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
29. Which of the following statements about shifting party coalitions is true?
a. The first significant gender gap was evident during the 1976 election.
b. The proportion of white voters is increasing faster than the proportion of other ethnic
voters.
c. The Democratic Party has failed to target Latino voters.
d. Latino voters, with the exception of Cuban Americans, have supported Democrats.
e. The Republican Party claims the Northeast and California as strongholds.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 251 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
30. New Democratic voters, who contributed to the increased turnout at the polls during the 2008
presidential election, were __________.
a. older voters over the age of 55
b. more affluent individuals who made over $100,000
c. conservative voters
d. men
e. regular churchgoers
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 251 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
31. Which of the following statements about majorities is true?
a. Neither political party has dominated the federal government since 1968.
b. Democrats have been more successful than Republicans in presidential elections since
1968.
c. Congress was dominated by the Republican Party until 1994.
d. Between 1968 and 2012, one of the two major parties controlled the presidency and both
chambers of Congress.
e. Until 1992, voters preferred Democratic presidents and Republican Congresses.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 250 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Conceptual
32. Which political party has controlled the White House for most of the last four decades?
a. Democrats
b. Independents
c. Libertarians
d. Republicans
e. One party has not been dominant over the last forty years.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 250 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Factual
33. The election of 2000 changed the political culture of the United States because __________.
a. voters have expressed greater trust in the electoral process for the first time since the
Watergate scandal
b. the intense primary fight that preceded the election has weakened interest in the two major
parties.
c. states, since then, have been labeled as “red states” or “blue states,” depending on the
leanings of their voters
d. the narrow margin of victory in the popular votes of most states necessitated an overhaul
of the electoral process
e. for the first time in the history of the United States the electoral college vote was not
supported by the popular vote.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 252 OBJ: LO2
NOT: Conceptual
35. Which of the following statements about parties’ core constituents is true?
a. Democrats receive disproportionate support from upper-income voters.
b. Democrats receive disproportionate support from the least well-educated voters.
c. Republicans receive disproportionate support from the least well-educated voters.
d. Republicans receive disproportionate support from individuals with advanced degrees.
e. Businesspersons are more likely to vote for Democrats.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 253 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
36. Which of the following groups is more likely than the others to affiliate with the Democratic Party?
a. women
b. Christian churchgoers
c. Cuban Americans
d. older Americans
e. men
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 253 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
37. Which of the following groups is more likely than the others to affiliate with the Republican Party?
a. African Americans
b. Christian churchgoers
c. Hispanics
d. the Jewish electorate
e. women
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 253 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
38. During the last half-century, the Democrats have been known as the party of __________.
a. the working class and racial and ethnic minorities
b. economic depression
c. the economic elite and corporations
d. conservative political ideas
e. states’ rights
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 254 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
39. During the last half-century, the Republicans have been known as the party of __________.
a. liberal political ideas
b. social welfare programs
c. business
d. the working class
e. racial and ethnic minorities
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 255 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
44. Of the 10 states with the highest income per capita, __________ voted for Democrat John Kerry in
2004.
a. four
b. five
c. six
d. seven
e. eight
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 256 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
45. The __________-income effect may explain that some urban areas are more prosperous, culturally
liberal, and democratic than the countryside.
a. false
b. opposite
c. reverse
d. socioeconomic
e. total
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 256 OBJ: LO3
NOT: Factual
47. The members of the general public who identify with a political party are known as __________.
a. a faction
b. the party-in-the-electorate
c. the party-in-government
d. the party organization
e. straight-ticket voters
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
48. Individuals who may or may not participate in election campaigns yet who feel loyalty to a political
party would best be described as __________.
a. a faction
b. the party-in-the-electorate
c. the party organization
d. a public interest group
e. straight-ticket voters
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
49. The structural framework for the political party that recruits volunteers to become party leaders and
identifies potential candidates is __________.
a. a faction
b. the party-in-the-electorate
c. the party organization
d. a public interest group
e. straight-ticket voters
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
50. The leadership of a political party, including election committees; local, state, and national executives;
and paid professional staff, are part of __________.
a. a faction
b. the party-in-the-electorate
c. the party-in-government
d. the party organization
e. a public interest group
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
51. The party organization is __________.
a. the members of the general public who identify with a political party
b. the formal structure and leadership of a political party
c. all elected and appointed officials who identify with a party
d. the urban machinery that distributes social benefits
e. responsible only for mundane matters, such as printing signs and scheduling events
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Conceptual
52. The elected and appointed officials who identify with a political party are known as __________.
a. a faction
b. the party-in-the-electorate
c. the party-in-government
d. the party organization
e. straight-ticket voters
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 257 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
56. The meeting held every four years by each major party to select presidential and vice-presidential
candidates, to write a platform, to choose a national committee, and to conduct party business is the
__________.
a. caucus
b. electoral college
c. national convention
d. primary election
e. national referendum
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 258 OBJ: LO1 | LO4
NOT: Factual
57. The national convention held by each political party is important because __________.
a. the presidential and vice-presidential candidates are elected by voters
b. the party platform is developed
c. electors for the electoral college are selected
d. potential candidates are nominated for primary elections
e. amendments to the Constitution may be ratified
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 258 OBJ: LO1 | LO4
NOT: Conceptual
58. The party ___________ is a document created at each national convention outlining the party’s
policies, positions, and principles.
a. ordinance
b. caucus
c. constitution
d. platform
e. treaty
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 258 OBJ: LO1 | LO4
NOT: Factual
60. According to a series of studies done by the New York Times, __________.
a. once elected, party members are not very likely to enact platform measures
b. delegates to national party conventions are more partisan than party identifiers
c. voters are more likely to vote for the party that runs more commercials on television
d. delegates to national party conventions are more moderate than party identifiers
e. competition within the party for the nomination pulls candidates toward the moderate
center
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 258 OBJ: LO1 | LO4
NOT: Factual
62. The task of planning the next campaign and convention, obtaining financial contributions, and
publicizing the national party belongs to the __________.
a. national chairperson
b. presidential nominee
c. state chairperson
d. state committee
e. state delegation
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 260 OBJ: LO1 | LO4
NOT: Factual
64. The rewarding of faithful party workers with government jobs or contracts is known as __________.
a. patronage
b. poll-payoffs
c. power splitting
d. safe seating
e. ticket splitting
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 261 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
65. A major reason for the death of city machines is that __________.
a. most social services are now controlled by state and national agencies
b. major parties now win support in urban areas
c. national parties have suppressed them
d. rates of immigration have declined in recent years
e. national legislation made them illegal
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 261 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
66. Local party organizations are still important to local campaigns today because __________.
a. local party leaders are influential in determining candidates for national elections
b. national parties depend on money from local party leaders
c. local party leaders control social services
d. local party leaders receive substantial coverage in the media
e. local party leaders provide foot soldiers for political campaigns
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 262 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Conceptual
67. A situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls the
chambers of Congress is known as __________.
a. a divided government
b. a faction
c. splinter-party alignment
d. ticket splitting
e. a two-party system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
68. A situation in which one party controls a state governorship and the other controls the state legislature
is known as __________.
a. asymmetrical alignment
b. a divided government
c. a faction
d. ticket splitting
e. a two-party system
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
69. Voting for candidates of two or more parties for different offices is known as __________.
a. dividing government
b. identifying as an independent
c. swing voting
d. ticket splitting
e. a two-party system
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
70. When people vote for a Republican presidential candidate and for a Democratic congressional
candidate, they are __________.
a. dividing government
b. polarizing the party-in-government
c. realigning the party-in-government
d. swing voting
e. ticket splitting
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Factual
71. The trend of voting for one party’s candidate for president and another party’s candidate for Congress
has __________.
a. decreased in recent years due to strengthened political parties
b. increased sharply since 1952
c. resulted in disaffected voters
d. contributed to political gains for the Democratic Party
e. become technically more difficult because of voting machines
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Conceptual
72. Which is a likely explanation for the high incidence of divided governments in the United States since
1952?
a. lack of trust in government combined with the relative weakness of political parties
b. lack of trust in government combined with both major parties being equally competitive
c. lack of trust in government and an increase in third-party alternatives
d. increasing strength of political parties
e. increasing trust in both parties
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Conceptual
73. When it comes to rallying members in Congress to vote along party lines, political parties
__________.
a. are often very successful in enforcing strict party-line votes
b. depend on “party-centered” elections to influence party members
c. struggle because of numerous bipartisan initiatives
d. struggle because some votes may be less favorable to a member’s state or constituency
e. have been more successful since the arrival of Tea Party-oriented members
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 263 OBJ: LO4
NOT: Conceptual
75. A major reason for the two-party system is the electoral system, which is based on ___________.
a. majoritarianism
b. multimember constituencies
c. one-party dominance of elections
d. proportional representation
e. a winner-take-all system
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 265 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
77. One reason that the two-party system has endured in the United States is __________.
a. the constitutional provision for a bipartisan system that mirrors the bicameral legislature
b. the prevalence of single-member electoral districts
c. the prevalence of multimember electoral districts
d. the rules of proportional representation
e. the constitutional restriction on the speech of third-party candidates
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 265 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Applied
78. The group of people who officially elect the president and the vice president of the United States is
known as the __________.
a. central committee
b. electoral college
c. national committee
d. party-in-the-electorate
e. party-in-government
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 265 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
79. The electoral system in which minor parties acquire seats in a legislature based on the percentage of
votes that they receive in national elections is known as __________.
a. divided representation
b. patronage
c. plural representation
d. proportional representation
e. ticket splitting
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 265 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
80. Which of the following statements about state and federal laws favoring the two-party system is
correct?
a. Minor party candidates are eligible for federal matching funds in primary elections.
b. Minor party candidates are eligible for federal matching funds in general elections.
c. Congress divides seats, staff members, and other privileges based on membership in one
of the two major parties.
d. Minor party or independent candidates need to gather fewer signatures to have their names
placed on ballots.
e. The Federal Election Commission rules for campaign financing place restrictions on the
candidates of the two major parties.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 266 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Conceptual
82. The longest-lived third parties in the United States have been __________.
a. single-issue parties
b. parties with strong ideological foundations
c. splinter parties
d. factions
e. socialist parties
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 267 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
84. Which currently active party supports a laissez-faire capitalist economic program?
a. Reform
b. Libertarian
c. Progressive
d. Prohibition
e. Socialist
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 267 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
85. The __________ Party is a left-of-center pro-environmental party that is generally hostile to
globalization.
a. Communist
b. Green
c. Libertarian
d. Reform
e. Socialist
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 267 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
86. The __________ Party was created by Ross Perot as a moderate group opposed to federal budget
deficits; today the group represents right-wing nationalism and opposition to free trade.
a. American Independent
b. Green
c. Libertarian
d. Reform
e. Socialist
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 267 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
87. Which party would more likely be classified as a splinter party than the others?
a. Bull Moose
b. Libertarian
c. Progressive
d. Prohibition
e. Socialist
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 268 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
89. Which of the following statements about other democracies in the world is true?
a. The nations of Afghanistan, Iraq, and India have political systems that are dominated by
two parties.
b. France has political parties that represent the anti-immigrant fringe of the population, that
advocate the interests of hunting and fishing, and that embrace communist doctrines.
c. In Germany, the Christian Democratic Party received well over half of all votes cast in the
most recent election.
d. Coalitions are rare in multiparty systems.
e. Coalitions in multiparty systems are difficult to break up.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 270 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Conceptual
92. The process in which a substantial group of voters switches party allegiance, producing a long-term
change in the political landscape, is known as __________.
a. dealignment
b. party identification
c. patronage
d. realignment
e. swing voting
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 271 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
94. A decline in party loyalties that reduces long-term party commitment is known as a __________.
a. dealignment
b. divided government
c. realignment
d. swing voting
e. ticket splitting
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 272 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
98. Voting exclusively for the candidates of one party is known as __________.
a. alignment
b. party identification
c. patronage
d. straight-ticket voting
e. tipping
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 272 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
101. Voters who frequently change their support from one party to another are known as __________
voters.
a. dealigned
b. disengaged
c. independent
d. swing
e. split-ticket
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 273 OBJ: LO5
NOT: Factual
Arvoisat kuulijat!
II.
F. GUNDOLFIN GOETHE-TEOS.