1

SUB – SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED WAREHOUSE DEVELOPMENT
2 ( SOIL REPORT) BY: S.I.S

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 3

2.0 SCOPE OF THE WORK ..................................................... 3
CONE PENETROMETER TEST ................................................. 3
Geotechnical Boreholes test ................................................ 4
3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION/ACCESSIBILITY AND LOCATION ..................... 5
3.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE .......................................... 5
4.0 SUB-SOIL CONDITION ....................................................... 5
5.0 UNDERGROUND WATER LEVEL ............................................ 5
6.0 GEOLOGIC SETTING ........................................................ 6
7.0 FOUNDATION DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION ....................... 7
7.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ................................................ 7
7.2 DEEP FOUNDATION ....................................................... 8
7.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ............................................ 9
8.0 GENERAL .................................................................... 9

APPENDIX:
Field Log/Graphs and Pictures.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Based on our previous discussion and visit to the site, Soil Tech was
commissioned to carry out detailed sub-soil investigation on a proposed
site for Development

Site visit was carried out in June while mobilization to site and site
operation commenced this same month with the 1500 capacity tripod
wayfarer drilling machine arriving the site and later followed by the
2.5 tons capacityDutch cone penetrometer.

This report presents a detailed description of the field activities and

results of in-situ test carried out at the site location.

2.0 SCOPE OF THE WORK

The study involves determining the type, nature and mechanical
strength properties of materials at the sites through the performance
of geotechnical boreholes and the Dutch Cone Penetrometer tests
(DCPTs).
The scope of work involves the following:
 Drill 1Nos. Geotechnical borehole. Execute 3 Nos. DCPT’s each to
the refusal of cone penetration and/or anchor pull.
 Carry out detailed laboratory analysis on recovered samples.
All field results and daily reports were logged at the end of each
operation day.

CONE PENETROMETER TEST

Since the CPT is a continuous undisturbed cone resistance probing,
samples were not collected during this test. Water level was also
monitored through the CPT rods during our investigations.
The Dutch Cone Penetrometer Tests (CPTs) was performed using a
2.5tons capacity machine. The equipment which is manually operated,
is furnished with a cone penetrometer having a base area of 1000mm2
and an apex angle of 600. With this arrangement, it was possible to

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measure the point resistance of the soils encountered as the cone and
the rods were driven through the soil.
All the dial gauges used in carrying out the tests were calibrated prior
to the commencement of the tests and hence the results obtained are
very reliable. The tests were terminated when the machine had
achieved its maximum capacity and could no longer penetrate or when
the anchorage were lifted.
The penetrometer tests readings were taken at intervals of 250mm and
the readings are presented in graphical form in the appendix section of
this report.
Geotechnical Boreholes test
The borehole was executed using the light wire rope percussion rope
shell and auger drilling technique with tripod Wayfarer machine
equipped with the in-situ testing were carried out progressively with
the advancement of the borehole through the over burden as follows:
 Disturbed samples were taken within the sediments at regular
intervals and at change of strata as deemed necessary. The
samples were selected so that they were as fare as possible
representative of the materials encountered in the course of
drilling the borehole. Materials from the split spoon sampler used
in the standard penetration test (SPT) and cutting shoes of the
100mm sampler were also taken as disturbed samples.
 In the cohesive material, undisturbed samples were taken by
driving a 100mm diameter sampler through a total distance of
450mm, these samples were taken at relevant depths.
 Standard penetration tests (SPT) were carried out at 1.5m
intervals to determine penetration resistance in cohensionless
strata. The tests involve obtaining the number of blows (N
values) producing the last 300mm of penetration in connection
with overall 450mm penetration test, by a 63.4kg hammer having
a free fall through 760mm.

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3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION/ACCESSIBILITY AND LOCATION

The site of the proposed development is located off wari-patani road;
the site is accessible through a tarred road
3.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE
Generally, the topography of the site is plain. There was an existing
drainage system as at the time of investigation in June 2021.

4.0 SUB-SOIL CONDITION

The result of the boring has given a clue to the soil profile at the site.
Generally, the subsoil condition at the site of the proposed
development could be descried as typically strata of sand and clay :
The top soil 0.00mts to 300mm is made up of dark loose sand mixed with
broken bottles.
3.00mm to 500mm is made of reddish loose Sandy clay with NSPT values
of 15.
500mm to 1.00mts is made of soft to stiff mutored clay with NSPT values
of 28.
1.00mts to 1.50mts is made of stiff to hard mutored clay, with NSPT value
35.
1.500mts to 9.00 mts, Hard to very hard mutored clay, NSPT values of 50.
9.00mts to 12.00mts is made of grayish soft silty clay.
12.00mts to 15.00mts is made of light gray loosesilt to fine sand, with NSPT
value of 45.
15.00mts to 20.00mts is made of gray fine sand . NSPT value 45.

5.0 UNDERGROUND WATER LEVEL

The water level was encouraged at the depth of 2.00mts as at the time
of investigation.

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6.0 GEOLOGIC SETTING

The project is located between the old beach ridges which run
approximately parallel to the Atlantic coast. Though hardly over 25km
in width, stretches westward to Benin Republic, the ridges are recent
deposit of coarse sand, shelly and sometime alternating with varying
thickness of organic clay, silt and carbonised vegetable matters (Peat).
The sediment was clearly deposited under littoral and lagoonal
conditionsand reflects the continuous shifting of lagoon and sea beach
pattern and varying sedimentation conditions within the environment.

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7.0 FOUNDATION DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION

The anticipated foundation loading for the proposed development was
not made available to us prior to the preparation of this report, but we
were made to understand that the proposed project is a two suspended
floor building. Hence our analysis shall be based on empirical
interpretation and correlation of the test results.
The geotechnical subsoil investigation exercise for the proposed
development was necessitated by the need to have adequate
knowledge of the engineering properties of the subsoil materials that
would have direct interaction with the proposed structures on this site.
The investigating is also to enhance and help achieve an economy,
foundation solution for the proposed structure.
7.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
The geological feature of the site of immediate importance to the
proposed structure revealed that at 1.50mts is made up of hard mutored
clay with a bearing capacity of 115KN/m2. This is a suitable zone for
near surface foundation in terms of raft or pad foundation.
Conclusively, the shallow foundation on this site should be restricted
to raft foundation with a bearing capacity of 115KN/m2 and such
foundation should be place at the depth of -1.50mts below the existing
ground surface.

Depth (m) Bearing capacity FOS

Materials
0.50 Clay 15KN 3
1.00 Clay 97KN 3
1.50 Clay 115 KN 3
1.70 Clay 115 KN 3
2.00 Clay 125 KN 3
3.00 Clay 125 KN 3

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PROVIDED THE ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY STATED ABOVE IS

INADEQUATE FOR THE PROPOSED DESIGN LOAD OF THE PROPOSED
DEVELOPMENT, THEN DEEP FOUNDATION IN FORM OF PILE IS
RECOMMENDED.

7.2 DEEP FOUNDATION

We have also considered the use of deep foundation. Deep foundation
in the form of piles could be adopted for the support of the proposed
structure.
Piles to be used may be bored pile or driven cast-in situ, or pressure
grouted auger piles. However, pile driving operations inevitably cause
ground vibrations. The effects of such vibration on adjacent properties
and structures must be considered. Some form of bored piles would be
preferable at this site.
The safe working load of pile will be dependent on the pile type, its
size, its founding depth and the proprietary method adopted and is
therefore best determined by the specialist piling contractor.

Pile Size Working load per

Depth (m) FOS (3)
(mm) pile (KN)

300 210 12 3
400 325 12 3
450 410 12 3
500 430 12 3
600 710 12 3

Higher safe working loads can be achieved for piles terminating at a

depths where good end bearing value can be mobilize in the
increasingly fine sands. Settlement is expected in the fine sand zone.

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7.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

A detailed subsoil investigation has been carried out to obtain
information for engineering design and recommendation of suitable
foundation for the proposed development.
A. SHALLOW FOUNDATION: Results of the subsoil investigation
confirm that the structures of proposed development can be
supported on shallow foundation in form of raft rooted to the
depth of 1.50mts with a bearing capacity of 115KN/m2, provided
the anticipated load from the building is not more than
115KN/m2. Otherwise.
B. DEEP FOUNDATION: A deep pile foundation to the depth of
12.00mts with a minimum diameter of 400mm with safe working
load 325KN/pile.

8.0 GENERAL
We trust you will find our report useful and it has been our pleasure to
be of service on this project. Should you have any challenge, please do
not hesitate to call on us clarifications.

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Appendix A

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BOREHOLE LOG
DATE: JUNE, 2021
Ground water level: 2.00m

Depth Sample Symbol NSPT VALUE

Sample
(m) Description 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.00 Dark loose
0.75 sand mixed
1.5 D with broken
2.25 D bottles
3 D 25
Reddish
3.75 D loose Sandy
4.5 D clay

Soft to
D stiff
mutored
5.25 clay
6 S Stiff t hard 58
6.75 D mutored
7.5 D clay
8.25 D
9 S Hard 48
mutored
9.75 D clay
10.5 D
11.25 D
S Soft silty
12 clay 62
12.75 D
13.5 D Loose silt
14.25 D to fine
15 S sand

15.75 D
16.50 D
17.25 D
18 D Fine sand 70
18.75 D
19.5 D
20.00 D
Key
D: Disturbed sample
S: Standard penetration test

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The only borehole drilled was terminated at a depth of 20.00 meters below
the existing ground surface.
Ground water was encountered at 2.00 meter depth in the borehole. The
borehole was not opened for a sufficient length of time for equilibrium
ground water level to be reached.
Seasonal variation in ground water level should be anticipated.

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APPENDIX B

CPT GRAPH

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