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3B Titrations BIOKMAN
3B Titrations BIOKMAN
TITRATIONS IN
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ENDPOINT: OBSERVABLE
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Endpoint
REMEMBER: A significant or remarkable
change in some property of the solution
happens at the equivalence point.
Colored Titrants/Analytes
Nonspecific, Equilibrium-dependent
Compounds
Titration Curve of 25.00 mL of 0.120 M HCl with 0.100 M NaOH
14.000
12.000
10.000
Equivalence Point
8.000 The equivalence point
occurs at the steepest
6.000 portion of the graph.
Inflection Point
4.000
2.000
0.000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00
Indic2- is AgIndic-
yellow is pink
Colored Titrant or Analyte
Nonspecific Equilibrium- Dependent
Compounds: Phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein is colorless in
acidic solutions
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Acetic Acid
Nonspecific Equilibrium- Dependent
Compounds: Phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein is purple
in basic solutions
Sodium hydoxide
Potassium hydroxide
Ammonia
Bromocresol green
14 A-2 INDICATORS
Reported pH
Color of Extract
of Buffer Used
1.0 Red
3.0 Pink
5.0 Purple
7.0 Lavender
9.0 Blue
11.0 Blue-green
13.0 Yellow- green
Thymol blue in buffer solutions of
pH 1 to pH 11
The pH
range between
3.1 (red) and
4.4 (yellow) is
the color-change
interval of
methyl orange
Methyl red Methyl red is a pH indicator; it
is red in pH under 4.4,
yellow in pH over 6.2, and
orange in between
Methyl red
Phenolphthalein
Volume of NaOH
needed to reach the
Equivalence Point
VEND PT occurs very close to
the equivalence point
The difference in volume or mass between
the equivalence point and the end point is
the titration error.
Volume of
the titrant
needed to
Titration
error Et = VEND PT - VEQUIV PT reach the
equivalence
point