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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects 7e (Gaddis)
Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects

TRUE/FALSE

1. The key word this is the name of a reference variable that an object can use to refer to itself.

ANS: T

2. The key word this is the name of a reference variable that is available to all static methods.

ANS: F

3. The names of the enum constants in an enumerated data type must be enclosed in quotation marks.

ANS: F

4. An enumerated data type is actually a special type of class.

ANS: T

5. enum constants have a toString method.

ANS: T

6. An instance of a class does not have to exist in order for values to be stored in a class's static fields.

ANS: T

7. A class's static methods do not operate on the fields that belong to any instance of the class.

ANS: T

8. You can declare an enumerated data type inside a method.

ANS: F

9. If a class has a method named finalize, it is called automatically just before an instance of the class
is destroyed by the garbage collector.

ANS: T

10. If a class has a method named finalize, it is called automatically just before a data member that has
been identified as final of the class is destroyed by the garbage collector.

ANS: F
 11. If you write a toString method for a class, Java will automatically call the method any time you
concatenate an object of the class with a string.

ANS: T

12. When an object is passed as an argument, it is actually a reference to the object that is passed.

ANS: T

13. Both instance fields and instance methods are associated with a specific instance of a class, and they
cannot be used until an instance of the class is created.

ANS: T

14. A single copy of a class's static field is shared by all instances of the class.

ANS: T

15. When an object reference is passed to a method, the method may change the values in the object.

ANS: T

16. If you write a toString method to display the contents of an object, object1, for a class,
Class1, then the following two statements are equivalent:

System.out.println(object1);
System.out.println(object1.toString());

ANS: T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. __________ is the term for the relationship created by object aggregation.

a. "Has a" c. "Is a"
b. Inner class d. One-to-many
ANS: A

2. The only limitation that static methods have is __________.

a. they must be declared outside of the class
b. they cannot refer to nonstatic members of the class
c. they can only be called from static members of the class
d. they can refer only to nonstatic members of the class
ANS: B

3. A class that is defined inside another class is called a(n) __________.

a. nested class c. inner class
b. enumerated class d. helper class
ANS: C
 4. Static methods can only operate on __________ fields.
a. instance c. global
b. static d. local
ANS: B

5. When you make a copy of the aggregate object and of the objects that it references, __________.
a. you are performing a shallow copy
b. you are performing a nested copy
c. you are performing a deep copy
d. a compiler error will occur
ANS: C

6. A deep copy of an object __________.

a. is an assignment of that object to another object
b. is an operation that copies an aggregate object and all the objects that it references
c. is a bogus term and means nothing
d. is always a private method
ANS: B

7. Which of the following is not true about static methods?

a. It is not necessary for an instance of the class to be created to execute a static method.
b. They are called by placing the key word static after the access specifier in the method
header.
c. They are called from an instance of the class.
d. They are often used to create utility classes that perform operations on data but have no
need to collect and store data.
ANS: C

8. The "has a" relationship is sometimes called a(n) __________ because one object is part of a greater
whole.
a. enterprise c. mutual relationship
b. possession d. whole-part relationship
ANS: D

9. The whole-part relationship created by object aggregation is more often called a(n) __________
relationship.
a. "has a" c. extra class
b. inner class d. inside class
ANS: A

10. The JVM periodically performs the __________ process to remove unreferenced objects from
memory.
a. memory shuffling c. garbage collection
b. system restore d. memory sweeping
ANS: C
11. CRC stands for __________.
a. Class, Recyclability, Collaborations c. Class, Responsibilities, Collaborations
b. Class, Redundancy, Collections d. Code, Reuse, Constancy
ANS: C

12. Enumerated types have the __________ method which returns the position of an enum constant in the
declaration list.
a. position c. ordinal
b. location d. index
ANS: C

13. Java automatically stores a __________ value in all uninitialized static member variables.
a. 0 b. -1 c. null d. false
ANS: A

14. You cannot use the fully-qualified name of an enum constant for ___________.
a. a case expression c. a boolean expression
b. an argument to a method d. Any of these
ANS: A

15. When the this variable is used to call a constructor__________.

a. it must be the first statement in the constructor making the call
b. it can be anywhere in the constructor making the call
c. it must be the last statement in the constructor making the call
d. None of these. You cannot use the this variable in a constructor call.
ANS: A

16. When a reference variable is passed as an argument to a method __________.

a. a copy of the variable's value is passed into the method's parameter
b. the method has access to the object that the variable references
c. the method becomes a static method
d. the program terminates
ANS: B

17. When a method's return type is a class, what is actually returned to the calling program?
a. an object of that class
b. a reference to an object of that class
c. the values in the object that the method accessed
d. nothing - the return type is simply for documentation in this situation
ANS: B

18. In Java it is possible to write a method that will return __________.

a. a whole number c. a string of characters
b. a reference to an object d. Any of these
 ANS: D

19. You cannot use the == operator to compare the contents of __________.
a. objects c. integers
b. strings d. Boolean values
ANS: A

20. An object's __________ is simply the data that is stored in the object's fields at any given moment.
a. value c. record
b. assessment d. state
ANS: D

21. A static field is created by placing the key word static __________.
a. after the access specifier and the field's data type
b. after the access specifier and before the field's data type
c. after the field name
d. in brackets, before the field's data type
ANS: B

22. A declaration for an enumerated type begins with the __________ key word.
a. enumerated c. ENUM
b. enum type d. enum
ANS: D

23. When a field is declared static there will be __________.

a. a copy of the field for each method in the class
b. a copy of the field in each class object
c. only one copy of the field in memory
d. two reference copies of the field for each method in the class
ANS: C

24. If the this variable is used to call a constructor, __________.

a. a compiler error will result if it is not the first statement of the constructor
b. a compiler error will result if it is the first statement of the constructor
c. nothing will happen
d. the this variable cannot be used as a constructor call
ANS: A

25. To compare two objects in a class, __________.

a. use the == operator (for example, object1 == object2)
b. write a method to do a byte-by-byte compare of the two objects
c. write an equals method that will make a field by field compare of the two objects
d. This cannot be done since objects consist of several fields.
ANS: C
26. Which of the following is not true about static methods?
a. They are created by placing the key word static after the access specifier in the method
header.
b. It is necessary for an instance of the class to be created to execute the method.
c. They are called directly from the class.
d. They are often used to create utility classes that perform operations on data but have no
need to store and collect data.
ANS: B

27. If you attempt to perform an operation with a null reference variable __________.
a. the resulting operation will always be zero
b. the results will be unpredictable
c. the program will terminate
d. Java will create an object to reference the variable
ANS: C

28. If object1 and object2 are objects of the same class, to make object2 a copy of object1
__________.
a. write a method for the class that will make a field by field copy of object1 data
members into object2 data members
b. use the copy method that is a part of the Java language
c. use the default constructor to create object2 with object1 data members
d. use an assignment statement to make object2 a copy of object1
ANS: A

29. If you have defined a class, SavingsAccount, with a public static method,
getNumberOfAccounts, and created a SavingsAccount object referenced by the variable
account20, which of the following will call the getNumberOfAccounts method?
a. account20.getNumberOfAccounts();
b. SavingsAccount.getNumberOfAccounts();
c. getNumberOfAccounts();
d. SavingsAccount.account20.getNumberOfAccounts();
ANS: B

30. If you have defined a class, SavingsAccount, with a public static data member named
numberOfAccounts, and created a SavingsAccount object referenced by the variable
account20, which of the following will assign numberOfAccounts to numAccounts?
a. numAccounts = account20.numAccounts;
b. numAccounts = numOfAccounts;
c. numAccounts = SavingsAccount.numberOfAccounts;
d. numAccounts = account20;
ANS: C

31. Assume the class BankAccount has been created and the following statement correctly creates an
instance of the class.
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(5000.00);
 What is true about the following statement?
System.out.println(account);
a. A runtime error will occur.
b. The method will display unreadable binary data on the screen.
c. The account object's toString method will be implicitly called.
d. A compiler error will occur.
ANS: C

32. Given the following declaration:

enum Tree ( OAK, MAPLE, PINE )
What is the fully-qualified name of the PINE enum constant?
a. enum.PINE c. Tree.PINE
b. PINE d. enum.Tree.PINE
ANS: C

33. Given the following declaration:

enum Tree ( OAK, MAPLE, PINE )
What is the ordinal value of the MAPLE enum constant?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
ANS: B

34. If the following is from the method section of a UML diagram, which of the statements below is true?
+ equals(object2:Stock) : boolean
a. This is a public method that accepts a Stock object as its argument and returns a
boolean value.
b. This is a public method that returns a reference to a String object.
c. This is a private method that receives two objects from the Stock class and returns a
boolean value.
d. This is a private method that returns a boolean value.
ANS: A

35. If the following is from the method section of a UML diagram, which of the statements below is true?
+ add(object2:Stock) : Stock
a. This is a private method named add that accepts and returns objects of the Stock class.
b. This is a private method named Stock that adds two objects.
c. This is a public method named add that accepts and returns references to objects in the
Stock class.
d. This is a public method named Stock that adds two objects.

ANS: C

36. Given the following method header, what will be returned from the method?
public Rectangle getRectangle()
a. the address of an object of the Rectangle class
b. the values stored in the data members of the Rectangle object
c. a graph of a rectangle
d. an object of the class Rectangle
ANS: A
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then returned to
Kalonaikahailaau and told him
that it was their daughter. When
he heard this, he concluded his
prayers and returned to the main
house. When he met his
daughter, he asked: “What is the
object of my daughter’s journey
in this dark night with the
ghosts?” The daughter then told
the father the object of the
journey, saying: “I have come for
a certain stroke of the war club,
the one called Wahieloa, for my
husband and myself, to take with
us to Kauai and to use it fighting
against Aikanaka.” At hearing
this, Kalonaikahailaau chanted
as follows:

Our stroke of the war club will E o e ku ka hauna laau a kaua, i

never do for your husband. ko kane,
Your husband is a plover, his He kolea ko kane, he wawae
legs are slim; liilii,
Your husband is a sandpiper, he He ulili ko kane, he holoholo
runs here and there on the kahakai,
beach; Paia e ke kainui, e hina wale ana
When struck by a big wave he no,
would fall over easily; He nui pumaia ko kane, ku
Your husband is like the stalk of ikaika,
the banana, all he can do is to He puhala ko kane, he aakiolea,
stand up. 28 Ku no ka laau a kaua i ko
makuakane,
Your husband is like a hala tree,
it has long hanging roots. 29
Our stroke of the war club is fit
only for your father,
Who is large from top to bottom.
The south wind may blow but he
will not fall over.
The moae wind may blow but he
will not fall over.
When the aalii 30 tree does fall it
must be uprooted.
Kanewahineikiaoha then said:
“All of what you have just said is
heard by my husband; he will
miss nothing.” The father replied:
“What good ears he must have;
he is in Kona and we are here in
Koolau 31 and yet he hears
everything. How [24]wonderful!”
The daughter said: “Nothing is
hidden from the all powerful god
of my husband, Kalanikilo. He
has heard.” The father then
again asked: “What other reason
is there that has brought my
daughter here in the dark with
the ghosts of the midnight?” The
daughter replied: “I have come
for the bow and a few arrows
used for rat shooting for myself
and husband, for we are going to
Kauai to fight Aikanaka.” On
He nui no mai luna a lalo,
E pa ke Kona, aole e hina,
E pa ka Moae, aole e hina,
He hina nou no ke aalii ku
makani, akapu.
I aku o Kanewahineikiaoha: “O
na olelo au la ua loheia aku la no
e kuu kane, aole e nalowale ia
ia.” I mai ka makuakane: “He
keu ka ia o ka pepeiao lohe, aia
ia i Kona, eia kaua i Koolau nei,
ua lohe aku la no ka ia,
kupanaha!” I mai ke
kaikamahine: “Aole [25]e nalo i ke
’kua mana o kuu kane, o
Kalanikilo, ua lohe ia.” Ninau hou
mai ka makuakane: “Heaha ka
huakai nui a kuu kaikamahine o
ka hiki ana mai, o ke ahiahi
poeleele, o ke ’kua lapu o ke
aumoe nei la?” I aku ke
kaikamahine: “I kii mai nei au i
kekahi mau kikoo pana iole a
kaua, na maua me kuu kane, e
holo maua i Kauai e kaua me
hearing this Kalonaikahailaau
chanted as follows:
What a mistake my daughter has
made
In marrying a man who shoots
rats.
He shoots the rats and then gets
the food belonging to others,
Then gives it to me his father-in-
law.
He shoots the rats and gets the
food belonging to others,
Then gives it to you the wife to
eat.
He shoots the rats and gets the
food belonging to others,
For Kamalama the favorite
younger brother.
He shoots the rats and gets the
food belonging to others,
For Kakuhihewa the owner of the
land on which he lives.
The daughter again replied: “All
of what you have just said is
heard by my husband; he will
miss nothing.” The father said: “If
the one conceived by me speaks
of the matter, then and only then
will he hear of it.” The father then
again asked his daughter, being
the third time: “What is it that has
Aikanaka.” Alaila, oli mai la o
Kalonaikahailaau, penei:
Makehewa ka mai o kuu
kaikamahine,
I ke kane pana iole,
Pana i ka iole a ku ka hai-ai,
Haawi mai na’u na ka
makuahunowai;
Pana i ka iole a ku ka hai-ai,
Nau na ka wahine e ai;
Pana i ka iole a ku ka hai-ai,
Na Kamalama, na ke kaikaina
punahele;
Pana i ka iole a ku ka hai-ai,
Na Kakuhihewa kahi i noho ai.
I aku ke kaikamahine: “O neia
mau olelo au, ua lohe aku la no
kuu kane i keia mau olelo au,
aole e nalowale.” I mai ka
makuakane: “Aia no a olelo oe
ka’u mea i hanau ai, alaila, lohe
ia.” Ninau hou mai ka
makuakane, o ke kolu, ia:
“Heaha ka huakai a kuu
brought my daughter here?” The
daughter replied: “I have come
for the axe used for the hewing
of canoes, for myself and
husband to take with us to Kauai
to fight Aikanaka.”
The father then chanted the
following:
What a mistake my daughter has
made
In marrying a husband who hews
out canoes.
He hews out the canoe and
leaves it in the forest,
Then returns and takes the pig of
the innocent
And bakes it.
What a mistake to have a hewer
of canoes as a husband.
When the father concluded with
his chant, Kanewahineikiaoha
said: “All of what you have just
said is heard by my husband,
there is nothing hid from him.”
The father said: “The only way
that will make him know is for
some one to be standing there
outside listening, who will carry it
to him.” When the father of
Kanewahineikiaoha said this,
kaikamahine o ka hiki ana mai?”
I aku ke kaikamahine: “I kii mai
nei au i ke koi kua waa a kaua,
na maua me kuu kane, e holo ai
i Kauai e kaua me Aikanaka.” Ia
wa oli mai ka makuakane, penei:
Makehewa no hoi ka mai o kuu
kaikamahine,
I ke kane kua waa la;
Kua aku la i ka waa a waiho i ka
nahele,
Hoi ae la a ka puaa a ka holona,
Pau i kalua,
Loloa hewa ka huluhulu o ka mai
i ke kane kua waa.
Ma keia olelo a ka makuakane
pane hou aku o
Kanewahineikiaoha: “O neia
mau olelo au, ua lohe ia aku la
no e ia, aole e nalo.” I mai ka
makuakane: “Aia kona lohe, a he
kanaka o waho, e ku mai nei,
alaila, nana e lawe aku a olelo.”
Ma keia olelo, ua lohe o
Kamalama, a holo aku la ma
kahi e, e pee ai, huli ia ae la o
Kamalama heard it, and he ran
off to hide himself. As soon as
he was out of sight, people went
out of the house to make a
search, but Kamalama was not
found.
At dawn the next morning,
Kamalama returned home, and,
when he reached the top of
Nuuanu pali, he looked down
and saw Kanewahineikiaoha, her
father, her brothers and the rest
of the people coming up the
road. Kamalama then turned and
returned to Waikiki. On his arrival
on this side of the Apuakehau
stream, he was seen by Kawelo
who then repeated the chant
recited by his father-in-law in
Koolau as follows: [26]
Our stroke of the war club will
never do for your husband.
Your husband is a plover, his
legs are slim;
Your husband is a sandpiper, for
he runs here and there on the
beach;
When struck by a big wave he
would fall over easily.
Your husband is like the stalk of
a banana, all he can do is to
waho o ka hale, aole nae i loaa o
Kamalama.
A wehe ae la kaiao, hoi mai la o
Kamalama a hiki i Nuuanu, nana
aku la, e pii mai ana o
Kanewahineikiaoha, me ka
makuakane, a me na kaikoeke,
a me na mea a pau loa.
Hoi e aku la o Kamalama a hiki i
Waikiki, a ku aku la ma kapa o
ka muliwai o Apuakehau. Alaila,
paha mai la o Kawelo i na olelo
a kona makuahunowai i olelo ai
ma Koolau, i kana wahine, o
Kanewahineikiaoha. Penei ka
paha a Kawelo: [27]
E o e ku ka hauna laau a kaua i
ko kane,
He kolea ko kane, he wawae
liilii,
He ulili ko kane, he holoholo
kahakai,
I paia e ke kai nui hina wale no,
He nui pu maia ko kane, he ku
ikaika,
He puhala ko kane, he aakiolea,
stand up.
Your husband is like a hala tree,
it has long hanging roots.
Our stroke of the war club is fit
only for your father,
Who is large from top to bottom.
The south wind may blow, but he
will not fall over.
The moae wind may blow, but he
will not fall over.
The hoolua wind may blow, but
he will not fall over.
When I, the aalii tree of the
windy place, do fall over
I will overturn with the sod.
At the end of Kawelo’s chant,
Kamalama said: “Shut up.
Knowing that you can hear so
well, yet you sent me to that
friendless place.” “I am going in
to have something to eat, for I
am hungry,” continued
Kamalama. As soon as he got
into the house, he called out to
their steward, Puikikaulehua:
“Bring me some food and meat.”
There were brought forty large
potatoes and forty packages of
baked pork. Kamalama then sat
down and began his meal, and
he ate until he was satisfied. Just
as he finished his meal, his
Ku no ka laau a kaua i ko
makuakane,
He nui no mai luna a lalo,
E pa ke Kona, aole e hina,
E pa ka Moae, aole e hina,
E pa ka Hoolua, aole e hina,
He hina no’u no ke aalii ku
makani,
Ala pu me ka lepo o lalo.
A pau ka paha ana a Kawelo,
olelo, aku o Kamalama ia
Kawelo: “Kulikuli! He kanaka
lohe no ka hoi oe, kena hoi oe
ia’u e hele i kela wahi
makamaka ole. E hoi ana au e ai
he pololi ko’u.” Kena aku la ia i
ka laua aipuupuu ia
Puikikaulehua, i ai, i ia, lawe mai
la ia hookahi kanaha kualapaa,
hookahi kanaha laulau puaa, ai
iho la o Kamalama a maona, hiki
mai la ko laua makuahunowai
me ka wahine. Ike mai la o
Kawelo ia lakou, paha mai la o
Kawelo e like me na paha a ka
makuahunowai i Koolau, e like
brother’s father-in-law and wife
arrived. As soon as Kawelo saw
them, he repeated the chant
recited by his father-in-law in
Koolau. At the close of the chant
Kanewahineikiaoha said to her
father: “There you are: I told you
that my husband was bound to
hear it, because he has an all
powerful god, Kalanikilo.” The
father replied: “Yes, I see and I
am satisfied that your husband
can hear all right. The talking
was carried on in Koolau and he
has heard it in Kona.”
Kanewahineikiaoha then said to
Kawelo: “Let us have something
to eat first, and after that you can
exercise with the war club.”
Kawelo refused, and he spoke
very strongly to his wife, saying:
“The pig’s intestine will be full of
dirt for it is to be killed.” By this
reply made by Kawelo, his
father-in-law became very angry
and said to Kawelo that they
take up the war club first as
requested by Kawelo. He then
ordered his son, Mauiakekai to
stand up against Kawelo. When
Kawelo heard this order issued
by his father-in-law that some
one else was to stand up against
me na paha i olelo mua ia ma
keia moolelo. Mahope o ka paha
ana a Kawelo, olelo aku o
Kanewahineikiaoha i ka
makuakane, ia
Kalonaikahailaau: “Aia hoi paha
la, e olelo aku ana au ia oe, aole
e nele ka lohe o kuu kane, no ka
mea, he ’kua ike kona o
Kalanikilo.” I aku ka makuakane:
“Ae, akahi no au a ike i ke kane
lohe o kau, ma Koolau e olelo ai,
he lohe ana ko Kona nei.”
Olelo aku o Kanewahineikiaoha
ia Kawelo, e ai lakou a maona,
alaila kaka laau. Hoole mai o
Kawelo, me ka olelo paa a
Kawelo i ka wahine penei: “E
lepo nui auanei he puaa kalua.”
Ma keia olelo a Kawelo, ukiuki
iho la ka makuahunowai, alaila,
olelo aku la ia Kawelo, e kaka
laau e mamua, e like me ka
Kawelo olelo. Kena aku la o
Kalonaikahailaau, i kana keiki, ia
Mauiakekai, e ku ae me Kawelo
e kaka laau ai. A lohe o Kawelo i
keia kena a kona makuahunowai
ia hai, paha aku la oia penei:
him, he replied in a chant as
follows:
Let the teacher and the pupil
Face each other outside.
By this Kawelo meant that he
would much prefer his father-in-
law, for his temper was now
roused over what had been said
of him. Because of this chant of
Kawelo, Kalonaikahailaau was
also very angry at Kawelo, which
made him stand up with his war
club, Wahieekaeka by name.
The three then stood up on one
side, while Kawelo stood up on
his side. Kalonaikahailaau then
raised his club as though to
strike Kawelo on the side, while
Kawelo brought up his war club
from the ground striking
Kalonaikahailaau on his side
knocking him down and making
his feet tremble. Kawelo then
chanted as follows: [28]
There you have felt of it;
You are made unconscious by
Kuikaa,
By Hookaa, by Kaakua, by
Kaaalo. 32
O ke kumu o ka haumana,
Hele ae i waho e-a.
Eia ko Kawelo manao ma keia
olelo ana, he manao no kona,
oia no o ka makuahunowai, no
ka mea, ua ukiuki loa ia i kana
mau olelo inoino ia ia. A no keia
paha a Kawelo, ua piha loa o
Kalonaikahailaau i ka huhu ia
Kawelo, nolaila, ku ae la ia me
kana laau palau, o
Wahieekaeka, ka inoa. Ku lakou
la ekolu, ku o Kawelo hookahi. E
kakii mai ana o Kalonaikahailaau
i kana laau, e hue lepo ae ana o
Kawelo i kana laau, pa no ma ka
aoao o Kalonaikahailaau waiho i
lalo, a kapalili aku la ka manea o
ka wawae, alaila, paha o Kawelo
penei: [29]
Ke lawelawe la nae hoi,
A make aku la oe ia Kuikaa,
Ia Hookaa, ia Kaakua, ia Kaaalo,
E ike auanei oe i ka nao hoopai
a Malailua.
Ka laau e wali ai ko papa auwae,
You will surely see the avenging
club of Malailua,
The club that will break your
jaws,
For then the avenging club will
cease its work.
Tomorrow you shall see
The rooster that is fed of the sun,
Till the crop fills with dirt
And the feathers fall off
Like a rooster that is hung up in
the smoke 33
With its feathers burnt off.
The conquering cock has made
but one kick.
They are scattered, they are
scattered.
Kanewahineikiaoha after a while
came and poured some water
over Kalonaikahailaau which
revived him. After the effects of
the blow had disappeared, he
said to Kawelo: “That is the way
to use your club. You have
nothing more to learn.”
Some little time after this,
Kawelo sent Kanewahineikiaoha,
Kamalama, Kalaumeki and
Kauluiki, to go to Puuloa and ask
of Kakuhihewa, who was king of
Oahu at the time, for the use of a
E oki ai o ka nao hoopai,
E ike auanei oe apopo,
I ka moa i hanai ia i ka la e!
A puupuu ka lepo,
A akaakaa ka hulu,
Me he moa kau uwahi la,
A eina ka hulu,
Hookahi no peku ana a ka moa-
mahi,
Puko ana—puko ana!
Hele mai la o
Kanewahineikiaoha a nini i ka
wai, ia Kalonaikahailaau, a
pohala ae la, alaila, olelo aku la
ia Kawelo, penei: “O ka hahau
ana iho la no ia o ka laau, aohe
wahi i koe ia oe.”
Mahope o keia, kena aku la o
Kawelo ia Kamalama,
Kalaumeki, Kauluiki ma, e holo i
Puuloa e noi i waa ia
Kakuhihewa, ke ’lii o Oahu nei ia
wa. A hiki lakou i Puuloa, ninau
canoe. Upon the arrival of the
messengers at Puuloa,
Kakuhihewa asked of them:
“What do you want?”
Kanewahineikiaoha replied: “We
have come for a double canoe
for us.” Kakuhihewa again
asked: “Canoe for what?” “A
canoe for Kawelo to go to Kauai
to fight Aikanaka.” When
Kakuhihewa heard this, he
ordered that a double canoe be
given Kawelo; for Kakuhihewa
even at this time was in fear of
Kawelo, who at any time might
rise up and overthrow his
kingdom; he therefore furnished
Kawelo with the means of
removing him to Kauai where he
would probably stay.
Upon receiving the double
canoe, the messengers returned
and landed at Waikiki, where
preparations for the voyage were
immediately begun, completed,
and a start was made on that
day. As they were about to start,
Kou, a second wife of Kawelo’s,
urged that she too be allowed to
accompany them to Kauai, but
Kawelo would not allow it. They
then set sail from Waikiki and
mai o Kakuhihewa: “Heaha ka
oukou?” I aku o
Kanewahineikiaoha: “I kii mai nei
makou i mau waa no makou.”
Ninau hou mai o Kakuhihewa: “I
waa aha?” “I waa no Kawelo e
holo ai i Kauai, e kaua me
Aikanaka.” A lohe o
Kakuhihewa, haawi mai la ia i
mau waa no Kawelo e holo ai,
no ka mea, e noho ana no o
Kakuhihewa me ka makau ia
Kawelo, o kipi ia ia, nolaila,
haawi i waa no Kawelo e holo ai,
i noho i Kauai.
A loaa na waa, he mau kaulua,
hoi mai la lakou a pae ma
Waikiki, hoomakaukau ka holo, a
holo no ia la, ia wa, hoolaau mai
o Kou kekahi wahine a Kawelo e
holo pu i Kauai, hoole aku o
Kawelo. Holo aku la lakou mai
Waikiki aku a Waianae, pae
lakou ma laila, kukulu iho la
lakou i ka heiau no na akua o
Kawelo, a paa ka heiau,
houluulu ae la o Kawelo i na
made their first landing at
Waianae, where they built a
temple for the gods of Kawelo.
After the temple was completed,
Kawelo gathered his gods
together, they being
Kaneikapualena and Kulanihehu.
Kawelo then lifted up his gods
and placed them on the altar in
the temple and prayed as
follows:
Say, Kaneikapualena,
Arise and let us journey to Kauai
Where we shall grow and live,
live and grow.
At the close of the prayer, the
chicken feathers on the forehead
of the god fluttered; so he
chanted: [30]
Thou art my all powerful god
From my ancestors.
Say, Kulanihehu, arise!
Let us journey to Kauai.
This god is afraid, 34
My god who is without power
From my ancestors.
Kawelo then took up his war
club, Kuikaa, and chanted as
follows:
akua ona. Eia na akua, o
Kaneikapualena, a me
Kulanihehu. Kaikai ae la o
Kawelo i na akua ona, a luna o
ka heiau, paha aku la, penei:
E Kaneikapualena.
E ku e hele kaua i Kauai,
A ulu a noho, a noho a ulu.
Ma keia paha ana a Kawelo,
kolili ana ka hulu moa i luna o ka
lae o ke ’kua ona; paha hou aku
la ia: [31]
O kuu akua mana no hoi,
Mai o’u kupuna mai,
E Kulanihehu, e ku,
E hele kaua i Kauai—a,
Makau iho la keia akua,
O ua akua mana ole nei o’u—a,
Mai o’u kupuna mai—a.
Alaila, hopu iho la o Kawelo i ka
laau ana ia Kuikaa, a paha aku
la, penei:
There, you are made
unconscious by Kuikaa,
By Hookaa, by Kaakua, by
Kaaalo.
You will surely see the avenging
club of Malailua,
The club that will break your
jaws,
For then the avenging club will
cease its work.
Tomorrow you shall see
The rooster that is fed of the sun,
Till the crop fills with dirt
And the feathers fall off
Like a rooster that is hung up in
the smoke
With its feathers burnt off.
The conquering cock has made
but one kick.
They are scattered, they are
scattered.
At the close of this chant by
Kawelo, that evening they set
out from Waianae. As they
reached a point in the channel of
Kaieiewaho, between Kauai and
Waianae, Kawelo’s love for Kou,
the wife whom he left at Waikiki,
began to well up within him, so
he chanted as follows:
Farewell to thee, Kou; farewell,
A make aku la oe ia Kuikaa,
Ia Hookaa, ia Kaakua, ia Kaaalo,
E ike auanei oe i ka nao hoopai
a Malailua.
I ka laau e wali ai ko auwae,
E oki ai o na ka hoola,
E ike auanei oe apopo,
I ka moa i hanai ia i ka la,
A puupuu i ka lepo,
A akaakaa ka hulu;
Me he moa kau i ka uwahi,
A eina ka hulu,
Hookahi no pekuna au a ka moa
i mahi la,
Puko—a, puko—a.
A pau keia paha ana a Kawelo,
ia ahiahi, holo lakou mai
Waianae aku a waena o ke kai o
Kaieiewaho, mawaena o
Waianae a me Kauai, hu mai la
ke aloha o Kawelo ia Kou, ka
wahine ana i waiho ai ma
Waikiki; nolaila, paha mai la o
Kawelo, penei:
Aloha Kou e, Aloha Kou,
Kou.
The love of Kou is within me,
My companion of the windy days
And the cold of Ahulu.
The coconut trees at Pai are
calling me back;
They appear as raging fire to my
eyes,
Like the volcanic rocks at
Kuamanuunuu.
I am tempted to get them, to
string them and to wear them,
The akulikuli blossoms there at
Huia,
For they are calling me back
there.
At the close of this chant
Kamalama answered: “You know
that you love your wife; why
didn’t you remain? I could have
made the trip against Aikanaka
by myself.” By these words of
Kamalama, Kawelo thought that
Kamalama must be angry with
him, so he chanted these words:
“How could I tell that it was going
to hurt your feelings?”
On this trip to Kauai, Keolewa 35
was seen above the clouds by
Ke aloha mai nei Kou ia’u,
Ka hoa hele i ka makani,
I ka apaapaa anu o Ahulu nei,
E ualo mai ana ia’u na niu o Pai,
E enaena mai ana i kuu maka,
Ke aa o Kuamanuunuu
Ii au e kii, e kui, e lei—e,
Na akulikuli papa o Huia nei la,
E ualo mai ana ia’u—e.
Ma keia paha a Kawelo, pane
aku o Kamalama: “Ua ike no ka
oe he aloha wahine kou, e noho
ia aku nei no e oe, owau no la ke
holo e kaua me Aikanaka.”
Ma keia olelo a Kamalama,
manao iho la o Kawelo, he olelo
huhu kela a Kamalama, nolaila,
paha aku la ia penei: “Ko’u ike la
hoi auanei he mea hewa ia
nou?”
Ma keia holo ana a lakou i
Kauai, ike mua ia mai la o
Keolewa i ka lele mai, iloko o ke
Kawelo before the others, so he
chanted: [32]
Keolewa is there directly ahead
of the canoe,
Keolewa is there directly ahead
of the canoe.
At this the uncles from Kauai,
Kaweloikiakoo and his
companion remarked: “You are
deceiving us, Kawelo. Your
parents and we two have
traveled this ocean from evening
till morn and noon, and Keolewa
can only be seen as a bird in the
sky.” Soon after this the dawn
began to break, and Keolewa
was then plainly seen by them all
to windward, while the hill of
Kalanipuu was also seen as
though wading in the sea to
meet them. When Kawelo’s
uncles saw these different
objects, they saw that Kawelo
was right after all. At this time,
they were directly off of
Hanamaulu, so the two uncles
said to Kawelo in a chant as
follows:
Say, Kaweloleimakua,
Let us land, let us land.
ao, alaila, paha aku la o Kawelo:
[33]
Eia o Keolewa i ka ihu o ka waa
e,
Eia o Keolewa i ka ihu o ka waa
e.
Ia wa, pane mai na makuakane
mai Kauai mai, o ia o
Kaweloikiakoo ma: “Wahahee oe
e Kawelo. O ka makou moana
no keia e holo ai me ou makua,
mai ke ahiahi a ao a awakea, ike
ia aku o Keolewa i ka lele mai
me he manu la i luna.” Ma keia
holo ana a lakou, wehe mai la
kai ao o ke kakahiaka nui, ike
aku la lakou ia Keolewa e lele
mai ana i luna, a o ka puu hoi o
Kalanipuu e au mai ana i ke kai.
Alaila, apono aku laua i ka olelo
a Kawelo; ma keia holo ana,
kupono lakou i waho o
Hanamaulu, olelo aku ua mau
makuakane nei ia Kawelo:
E Kaweloleimakua,
E pae—e, e pae—e,
Say, offspring from the cliffs of
Puna,
The eyes of Haloa are looking
from above,
My lord, my chief.
“Yes, what is it?” The uncles then
said to Kawelo: “Let us land
here, see your parents, your
older brothers, cook some food
and then proceed on to battle.”
Kawelo then chanted a reply as
follows:
Say, little Kamalama, my
younger brother,
Point the bow of the canoe
towards Wailua,
Yes, towards Wailua.
When Kamalama heard the
orders of Kawelo, he pointed the
bow of the canoes toward
Wailua. They then continued on
to Wailua and anchored just
below the village. Kawelo then
chanted these lines regarding
Kamalama:
Say, little Kamalama, my
younger brother,
Sit up on your heels,
Gird on your loin cloth
E kama hanau a ka lapa o Puna,
Na maka o Haloa i luna,
Kuu haku, kuu alii.
E Kaweloleimakua,
Kuu haku, kuu alii.
“I o—e, i o—e.” I mai ia Kawelo:
“E pae kakou i anei, ike i na
makua, na kaikuaana, kahu i o a
hele i ke kaua.”
Alaila paha mai o Kawelo i kana
olelo paha, penei:
E Kamalama iki kuu pokii,
I Wailua ka ihu o na waa e
I Wailua, e.
A lohe o Kamalama i keia olelo a
Kawelo, hoihoi ae la ia i ka ihu o
na waa i Wailua, holo aku la
lakou a hiki i Wailua, lana pono
iho la lakou makai o ke
kulanakauhale. Alaila, paha aku
la o Kawelo i kona kaikaina, ia
Kamalama, penei:
E Kamalama iki kuu pokii,
E kei ka noho,
E hume ka malo,
E ai ka ai me ka ia.
And partake of food and meat.
When Kamalama heard these
words from Kawelo, he ordered
those on the canoe to eat; so
they all partook of food until they
were satisfied.
While they were lying off Wailua,
the people on the top of the
Nounou hill saw them, so the
people roused up Aikanaka and
told him of the coming of a large
double canoe. When Aikanaka
saw the canoe, he immediately
sent Kaehuikiawakea, his best
runner, with the orders: “You go
on down and inspect that double
canoe. If it is a war canoe, let
them come ashore and they can
meet Kuahulu and Onionikaua,
my chief officers, and they can
make war on them. But if the
people on the canoe are on a
journey to see the land, let them
come ashore, where they can
meet Kuahulu and Onionikaua,
who have food and meat,
wearing kapas, loin cloths and
house to stop in.” [34]
Kaehuikiawakea then started off
running until he arrived at the
A lohe o Kamalama i keia olelo a
Kawelo, kena ae la ia ia luna o
na waa, e ai; ai iho la lakou a
maona. Ia lakou e lana ana ma
kai o Wailua, ike mai la na
kanaka o luna o ka puu o
Nounou i keia mau waa nui e
lana nei, hoala aku la lakou ia
Aikanaka. A ike o Aikanaka,
hoouna mai la ia
Kaehuikiawakea kana kukini
mama loa, olelo mai la o
Aikanaka ia ia: “E iho oe e nana i
keia mau waa, ina he waa kaua,
e pae mai no i uka, eia iho no
Kuahulu a me Onionikaua i lalo,
na pukaua, kaua iho no. Ina hoi
he mau waa makaikai e pae mai
no, eia iho no o Kuahulu a me
Onionikaua, aia ia laua ka ai, ka
ia, [35]ke kapa, ka malo, ka hale.”
Alaila, holo aku la o
Kaehuikiawakea, a hiki i
kahakai, au aku la ia. Ia ia e au
aku ana, ike mai la o Kamalama,
alaila, paha mai la ia Kawelo
penei:
beach, then he plunged in and
swam to the canoe. While he
was swimming toward the
canoe, he was seen by
Kamalama, who chanted to
Kawelo as follows:
Say, Kaweloleimakua,
Let us land, let us land.
The offspring from the cliffs of
Puna,
The eyes of Haloa are looking
from above,
My lord, my chief.
“What is it, what is it?” asked
Kawelo. Kamalama replied:
“Here is a man for an offering to
our god. Here he is; he is about
to come aboard.” Kawelo said:
“Is our cousin, Kaehuikiawakea,
then to be the person whom you
think we ought to take and offer
as a sacrifice to our god?”
As soon as Kaehuikiawakea
reached the canoe, he climbed
aboard and asked: “What are
these canoes for?” Kamalama
replied: “They are war canoes.”
Kaehuikiawakea again inquired:
“When you make war, who is
your champion?” Kamalama
E Kaweloleimakua,
E pae—e, e pae—e,
Kama hanau a ka lapa o Puna,
Na maka o Haloa i luna,
Kuu haku, kuu alii.
“I o—e, i o—e,” mai la o Kawelo.
Pane mai o Kamalama: “I ke
kanaka a ke ’kua o kaua, eia la,
ke au mai nei.” I mai o Kawelo:
“O kau kanaka no ia o ka manao
ana aku, o ko kaua pokii, o
Kaehuikiawakea.”
A hiki o Kaehuikiawakea i na
waa, pii aku la a hiki i luna, ninau
aku la: “He mau waa aha keia?”
I mai o Kamalama: “He mau waa
kaua.” Olelo hou mai o
Kaehuikiawakea: “A kaua, owai
ka pukaua?” Olelo mai o
Kamalama: “Owau no.” Ninau
replied: “I am.” The man then
asked again: “Where is Kawelo?”
“He is in Oahu.” The man again
asked: “What is this large bundle
on the platform?” “It contains our
different things,” answered
Kamalama.
Kaehuikiawakea then stood up
and felt of the bundle with his
feet and remarked about the size
of the bundle. After a while, he
again asked Kamalama: “How is
the fight to begin?” Kamalama
replied: “Let us first be allowed to
come ashore, then you can lift
our canoe ashore. After that we
will go and take a bath, then
come back and partake of some
food; after we are satisfied we
will then gird on our loin cloths
more tightly and the fight shall
then begin.”
Kaehuikiawakea consented to
this and said to Kamalama: “We
will not get out of breath for such
as you, since Kawelo whose
strength has been rumored to us
has remained behind.” Soon
after this, he again said to
Kamalama boastingly: “You go
back to Oahu; these are not the
hou ua wahi kanaka nei: “Auhea
o Kawelo?” “Aia no i Oahu.”
Ninau hou kela: “A heaha hoi
keia opeope nui i luna o ka pola
o na waa?” “O ko makou mau
wahi ukana no,” pela aku o
Kamalama.
Alaila, ku ae la o
Kaehuikiawakea, a keekeehi iho
la i luna o ka opeope, me ka
olelo iho i ka opeope nui. Ninau
aku la ia ia Kamalama: “Pehea
kakou e kaua ai?” I mai o
Kamalama: “E pae makou a uka,
alaila, hapai oukou i na waa o
makou a kau i uka, alaila, hele
makou e auau, a hoi mai, alaila,
ai a maona, puali na malo a paa,
alaila, ia wa kakou e kaua ai.” Ae
aku la o Kaehuikiawakea, me ka
olelo aku ia Kamalama, “Aole e
pau ke aho ia oukou, no ka mea,
ua noho aku la no o Kawelo, ka
mea i kaulana mai i ka ikaika.”
Mahope o keia mau olelo ana,
hoopuka aku oia i kana olelo
hoonaukiuki ia Kamalama,
penei: “E hoi hou oukou i Oahu,
aole keia o na waa e kii mai ai e
kaua ia Kauai nei.”
canoes with which to fight
Kauai.”
You must have a large canoe,
A small canoe, a long canoe
And a short canoe
Before you come and make war
on Kauai.
While this conversation was
being carried on between the
two on the canoes, the people
began to gather on the shore
with the two champions, Kuahulu
and Onionikaua. The number of
men under these two were about
eight hundred, not counting the
women and children.
As soon as the canoes touched
the beach, the Kauai men were
anxious to begin the attack, but
Kaehuikiawakea stopped them
saying: “Don’t fight them now.
Let us carry the canoes to the
dry sand and then let these
people go and have a bath, and
when they return, let them
partake of some food; when they
are satisfied they can then gird
on their loin cloths, then after
that we can fight them.” 36 The
men [36]and the two officers
Aia he waa nui,
He waa iki, he waa loa,
He waa poko,
Alaila, kii mai e kaua ia Kauai
nei.
Ia laua e kamailio ana i luna o na
waa paa mai la o uka i na
kanaka, me na pukaua elua, oia
o Kuahulu a me Onionikaua. O
na koa malalo o laua, elua lau
kanaka ka nui, aole i helu ia na
wahine me na keiki.
A pae lakou i ke one, anehe mai
na kanaka e kaua, i aku o
Kaehuikiawakea: “Alia e kaua, e
hapai kakou i na waa a kau i ke
one maloo, hele lakou nei e
auau a hoi mai, ai a maona,
puali na malo a paa, alaila, kaua
kakou.” Ae mai la na kanaka,
[37]a me na pukaua. Hapai ae la
lakou i na waa me ke amo i luna
o na hokua, maloko a mawaho o
na waa; o Kawelo, a me
Kamalama, na mea a pau loa,
agreed to this. The people then
waded in and lifted up the canoe
onto their shoulders, both on the
inside and outside of the canoe
with Kawelo, Kamalama as well
as all the rest of the people still
seated in the canoe. At this time
Kawelo quietly asked
Kamalama: “Where are we?”
Kamalama answered: “We are
over the dry sand where some of
the prickly grass grows.” Kawelo
then said to Kamalama: “You go
to my feet.” Kamalama then
proceeded to the feet of Kawelo,
pulled the end of the rope which
held the bundle, and Kawelo was
loosened. Kawelo then rose with
his war club, Kuikaa. When the
people who were following along
either side of the canoe saw
Kawelo, they called out in a loud
voice: “O, you will all be killed!
Here is Kawelo standing in the
canoe.” When those who were
carrying the canoe on their
shoulders heard this call, they
looked onto the canoe and when
they saw Kawelo, they dropped
the canoe down, crushing a
good many of the people, while
some of them were so afraid of
Kawelo they were unable to run.
eia no i luna o na waa kahi i
noho ai.
Alaila, ninau malu aku la o
Kawelo ia Kamalama: “Eia
kakou i hea?” Pane malu mai o
Kamalama: “Eia kakou i ke one
maloo, me ka mauu kuku.” I hou
mai o Kawelo ia Kamalama: “E
hoi ae oe ma kuu mau wawae.”
Hoi ae la o Kamalama a ma na
wawae, huki ae la i ka piko o ke
kaula i paa ai i ka opeope ia, a
hemo ae la o Kawelo. Ia wa ala
mai la o Kawelo me kana laau
palau o Kuikaa. A ike na kanaka
a pau e hahai ana ma waho o na
waa ia Kawelo, kahea ae la
lakou me ka leo nui: “E, make
oukou! Eia o Kawelo ke ku nei i
luna o na waa!” A lohe na
kanaka, nana ae la a ike ia
Kawelo, kiola iho la i na waa i
lalo, a pepe iho la kekahi poe he
nui wale, a o kekahi poe hoi, no
ka makau nui loa ia Kawelo, aole
e hiki ke holo. Nana aku la o
Kawelo ia Wailua, ua inoino ke
one, ua malualua, ua kahawai,
ua aa, alaila, paha aku la o
Kawelo i kona ike ana aku i na
kanaka, me he haki la a ka nalu,
penei: