Baroque

Rise of
architecture Art Nouveau,
neoclassical
known for featuring
and Victorian
opulence and organic and
architecture.
ornamentation. flowing designs

20th -21st
century
17-18th 19th-20th
century century

19th-early 20th Modernist

century: Art Nouveau, architecture,
featuring organic and exemplified by
flowing designs Bauhaus and
functionalist
principles.
Industrial revolution
And its impact

Ar. Rupika Yadav

MODERN ART AND ARCHITECTURE
The industrial
revolution which
began around 1760 in
England, led to
enormous changes at
each and every level of
civilization throughout
the world. The growth
of heavy industrial
material brought more
new building materials
which are cast iron,
steel, and glass with
which architects and
engineers rearranged
the concept of
function, size, and
form due to the
impact of industrial
revolution.
First cast iron fronted
building built in 1856
CRYSTAL
LONDON
PALACE
galleria vittorio emanuele ii
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
NEW YORK
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

https://www.britannica.com/video/222419/did-you-know-Industrial-Revolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDPO3ArwPF0

https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=31fe38a8fb03ee39&
rlz=1C1SQJL_enIN862IN862&sxsrf=ACQVn0-
3JgilgJJhxAgUuTu6feJq517JsQ:1707891796372&q=crystal+lond
on+palace&tbm=vid&source=lnms&prmd=imnvsbtz&sa=X&ved
=2ahUKEwi0rNnemKqEAxUzRWcHHSjRAVYQ0pQJegQICRAB&cs
hid=1707891804472829&biw=1396&bih=632&dpr=1.38#fpstat
e=ive&vld=cid:49571cd5,vid:iNUrMS4N_cM,st:0
 ART AND CRAFT MOVEMENT
• https://www.britannica.com/video/186407/movement-William-Morris-Arts-and-Crafts

The Arts and Crafts movement was an international

trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed
earliest and most fully in the British Isles[1] and
subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the
rest of Europe and America.[2]

Initiated in reaction against the perceived impoverishment of

the decorative arts and the conditions in which they were
produced,[3] the movement flourished in Europe and North
America between about 1880 and 1920. It is the root of
the Modern Style, the British expression of what later came
to be called the Art Nouveau movement, which it strongly
influenced.[4] In Japan, it emerged in the 1920s as
the Mingei movement.
• The term was first used by T. J. Cobden-Sanderson at a meeting of the Arts and Crafts
Exhibition Society in 1887,[7] although the principles and style on which it was based had
been developing in England for at least 20 years. It was inspired by the ideas of
historian Thomas Carlyle, art critic John Ruskin, and designer William Morris.[8] In
Scotland, it is associated with key figures such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh.[

WILLIAM MORRIS ARTWORK

• ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT
• ART DECO IN EUROPE AND INDIA
• CHICAGO SCHOOL
• PRAIRIE SCHOOL
• DE’ STIJLI
ART NOUVEAU
• Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and
1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by
its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in
architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration
https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Nouveau

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIo2VUz9A5c
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OK2L5UiDWCs

ART DECO
The round turret of the Soona Mahal building on Shiv Shanti Bhuvan at Oval Maidan is notable
Marine Drive is in keeping with the structure’s for the “eyebrows” or concrete weather shades
nautical look....
Art Deco and Art Nouveau are two art movements that
emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, influencing
various fields such as architecture, design, and graphic arts.
They have some similarities, but also some key differences.
Here are some of the main ones:

Art Nouveau was inspired by natural forms and organic shapes,

while Art Deco was influenced by geometric patterns and
modern materials.
Art Nouveau used flowing lines and curves, while Art Deco
used straight lines and symmetry.
Art Nouveau’s color palette was more muted and natural, while
Art Deco’s was more bright and vivid.
Art Nouveau flourished between 1890 and 1914, while Art
Deco peaked between 1920 and 1940.
Art Nouveau was a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, while
Art Deco was a response to World War I.
Some examples of Art Nouveau artists and works are Hector
Guimard, Alphonse Mucha, Louis Tiffany, and Antoni Gaudí.
Some examples of Art Deco artists and works are Frank
Hyneman Knight, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, and Eugene
Fama
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
• The Chicago school of architecture is a term that refers to a group of
architects and engineers who developed the skyscraper in the late
19th and early 20th centuries in Chicago. They used steel-frame
construction, large plate-glass windows, and minimal ornamentation
to create buildings that expressed the modernity and dynamism of
the city. Some of the pioneers of this school were William Le Baron
Jenney, Daniel Burnham, John Root, Louis Sullivan, and Frank Lloyd
Wright. Some of the examples of their work are the Home Insurance
Building, the Monadnock Building, the Auditorium Building, and the
Wainwright Building
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGDmaLplfaU https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wellborn-Root
 • Created master plan for Chicago ,Manila,Downtown, Washington Dc
• He was best known for his skyscrapers .
• Worked with Louis Sullivan on the worlds’s coloumbian exposition
called the ‘white city’

Pittsburgh union station

Flatiron building ,NY ,Pennsylvania
Hayworth building Chicago
 Wainwright building Guaranty building
Louis Sullivan,USA

• Known as father of modern skyscrapers and

modernism.
• He followed the philosophy of “form follows
function”
• He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright
• He was the receiver of AIA gold medlist .
Auditorium building
 PRAIRIE SCHOOL
Prairie School of Architecture is a style of building that originated in Chicago and spread across the Midwest in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is characterized by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs, windows in horizontal
bands, integration with the landscape, and craftsmanship. It was influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and
aimed to create a modern and authentic American style. Some of the pioneers of this style were Frank Lloyd Wright,
Louis Sullivan, and George Grant Elmslie

Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1908, Frank Lloyd Wright Ward Willits House, Highland Park, Illinois, 1901, one of the first Prairie
Houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
DE STIJLI
De Stijl was a Dutch art movement that emerged in 1917 and lasted until 1932. It was founded by the painters Piet
Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, who also published a journal with the same name. De Stijl advocated pure
abstraction and geometric forms, using only straight lines, rectangles, and primary colors. De Stijl also influenced
architecture and design, especially through the works of Gerrit Rietveld and J.J.P. Oud

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOSvUfbPHpY
MODERNISM
Modernism
Bauhaus Movement -1919
• Movement started at the school founded by Walter Gropius .
• Promoted rational ,functional design that embraced a form follows function,less is more
ethos for a new post –war era .
• Building is “the ultimate aim of all artistic activity “-Walter Gropius .
• Common Characteristics
➢ Eschewing ornamentation to focus on simple ,rational and functional design
➢ A focus on simple geometric forms such as triangle ,square, and circle
➢ Asymmetry favoured over symmetry
➢ Use of steel ,glass,concrete,and other modern materials .
➢ Flat roofs
➢ Glass curtain walls
➢ Smooth facades .
 ARCHITECTS AND BUILDINGS • Pioneer of modernist
architecture
• Alvar Alto,Ludwig,mies
vanderohe,frank Lloyd
Walter Gropius wright were his
contemporaries
• He can be associated
with International Style

BAUHAUS

FAGUS FACTORY

Written influential article on “The development of Industrial buildings “

 LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE,GERMANY Farnsworth House ,Chicago

• He called his architecture the skin and bones of

architecture
• Less is more and God Is in details are associated
with him
• He designed Seagram Building with Philip Johnson

• His furniture design especially chairs are used even

today .Ex Barcelona Chair ,Bruno chair etc.

Crown hall ,IIT Chicago

 DUDHSAGAR DAIRY
MNIT JAIPUR
ACHYUT.P.KANVINDE
• He gave importance to natural light
The salient features of Achyut Kanvinde’s designs are a
reflection of his time studying under Walter Gropius and the
influence Bauhaus architecture had on his thinking.
• Asymmetry
• Cubic form
• Flat roofs
• Smooth, unadorned surfaces
• Exposed material
EXPRESSIONISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM
EINSTEIN TOWER,POTSDAM GERMANY
• Distortion ,fragmentation or the
communication of violent or overstressed
emotion are the characteristics of the
movement
• Developed and dominated in Germany and
Netherlands .
WHY ???
Expressionism took place in Germany between the end of the
World War I to the end of the 1920s. Expressionist architecture
is a response and counter-movement to the often sober
modern construction with its various trends. The anonymity
and interchangeability of simple, straight lines tore the
architecture's soul apart. MOSSELPROM BUILDING ,MOSCOW
• Flourished in Soviet Union
• Developing in parallel to Bauhaus
and De Stijl in western Europe .
• Designs combined advanced
technology and engineering
• Well known Russian constructivist
architects include El Lissitzky and
Vladimir Tatlin
MINIMALISM • Emphasised the use of simple design
elements without ornamentation or
decoration .
• Features of the style include pure
geometric forms ,plain materials,
repetition and clean lines
• Mies van der rohe popularized this
concept
 FUNCTIONALISM
• Principle-the design of a building should reflect its
purpose and function .
• The process of design begins with an analysis of the
building’s function and the best technical means of
meeting it and that aesthetic character ,instead of
being superimposed ,emerges as a part of the same Tomas bata memorial ,Czech Republic
process .
• The style is associated with ideas of socialism and
modern humanism .The style developed through
the 1930s ,notably in Germany ,Poland ,USSR ,the
Netherlands
• Using architecture as a means to physically create a
better life for citizens .

Villa Tugendhat,Czech Republic

International style Rudolph Schindler Lovell House ,LA
Raymond Hood

Mc graw Hill Building New York George Howe and

William Lescaze

• Developed in 1920s Western Europe

• Characterized by an emphasis on volume over mass ,the use of lightweight
,mass produced ,industrial materials .
• Rejection of all ornament and color ,repetitive modular forms, and use of flat
surfaces ,typically alternating with areas of glass.
 Architects and Buildings ‘A house is a living machine’

• Founder of CIAM
• Prepared master plan of chandigrah
• The design of Dom-ino House with
open floor design and innovative use
of reinforced concrete can be credited
to him
• He also wrote ‘Towards an
Architecture and ‘Athens Charter’
VILLA SAVOYE

UN LECORBUSIER NOTRE DAM CHAPEL

HEADQUARTERS
NEW YORK
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1womjgDI_I
PHILIP JOHNSON,USA
• He coined the term International Style along with Henry Russell Hitchcock
• He received the AIA gold medal in 1978 and pritzkar prize in 1979.

MUDSON AVENUE PENZOIL PLACE

GLASS HOUSE
The British first landed in India
in Surat for the purpose of
trade. Here's how and why a
simple trading company, the
British East India Company,
became one of the biggest
challenges the subcontinent
had ever dealt with. The
British landed in India in Surat
on August 24, 1608
REVOLT OF 1857
 INDO SARCENIC REVIVAL
• Architectural movement by British architects in India (19th century)

• Fusion –Trad. Indian architecture +Gothic revival /Neo –Classical

architecture (of 19th century Britain)
1768 to 1855

Chepauk Palace,Chennai
INTRODUCTION
• South Asian region composed
of varied worlds –cultures
,belief system
• Each civilization that flourished
here continues to exert its
influence
• Collective memory of so many
communities and multi layered
cultures .
Cross –Cultural Impact of
Foreign Cuisines on India
• Biryani –persian cuisine brought by
Mughals
• From Persian Birian –Fried before
cooking
• Sanbosag –From empires in Iranian
plateau
• Traditionally filled with meat ,spices
and dreid fruits
• Vegetarian counterpart soon created
for India-Samosa
Cross Cultural Impact
• Mughal architecture –blend of Islamic ,Indian, Persian
styles
• Hindu Brackets in Jehangir Mahal
• Panchyatna (Hindu Temples) or Panchratna (Bengal
Temples)~5 domed Mughal Tombs
 Indo –Saracenic Architecture
• Amalgation of Indo –Islamic and Indian architecture with Neo –
Gothic and Neo-Classical styles of 19th century Britain with typical
western building plans .

Saracen –term used in Europe until

19th century referring to Muslim and or
Arabic –speaking people and regions
of Middle east and North Africa
 A few architects were leading practitioners of this style in that period: Robert
Fellowes Chisholm, Samuel Swinton Jacob, Henry Irwin, Edwin Lutyens, and Charles
Mant

Robert Fellowes Chisholm Samuel Swinton Jacob Henry Irwin Edwin Lutyens
The intention of adapting the Indian features was the outcome of the Arts and Crafts Movement back in
England. This movement was about reforming the design and decoration; reviving the diminishing
craftsmanship due to industrialization
 FEATURES OF INDO SARCENIC ARCHITECTURE
The prominent architectural features seen in Indo-Saracenic Architecture are
•Motifs and Elements are from the Hindu, Islamic, and Byzantine Styles.
•Pointed Arches, Cusped Arches or Scalloped Arches.
•Towers or Minarets
•Domed Kiosks
•Harem Windows
•Many miniature Domes or Domed Chhatris
•Onion (Bulbous) Dome
•Vaulted Roofs
•Overhanging Eaves
•Pinnacles
•Pierced Open Arcading
•Open Pavilions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyrcJ5cxFQs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh5D3QsJWWo&t=132s
Revival of colonial architecture
• Lutyens –fusion between western classical + se let traditional Indian
elements .
Revivalism
• Built forms as symbols of national identity
• Revival of traditional Indian architecture
Modernism in India –Chandigarh
• Corbusier ,Maxwell Fry ,Jane Drew ,Jean Pierre Jeanneret
• Modernism for Indian conditions –climate ,materials an construction
technology
The First Generation 1945-70
• Indian architects studied in west –came back to India
• Bauhaus concept through Kanvinde
• Habib Rahman ,Charles Correa ,B.V Doshi
FALLING WATER SANGATH ,ahmd Niraj
• Hemanshi • Priyansh Naveen
• Raj • Om • Villa Savoye
• Ansh • Maitri

JKK • Palace of Assembly,

• Khushi Chandigarh
• Kenvi • Chirayu
• Diya • Nisarg
• Sneh