Members:

Andrei Velvic Cuenca

Jezxha Mae Maranga
John Paul Cadon
Asjmir Fernandez

Written Report
Lesson 2: Democratic Interventions
12 – Vulpecula
(Group 2)

Table of Contents

• What is Democracy?
• Elements of Modern Democracy
• Democracy and Other Forms of Government
• The Dimensions of Democracy

INTRODUCTION:
- Reported by Jezxha Mae Maranga

• Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to
1. understand what democracy is by identifying its elements and
typology,
2. demonstrate awareness of the difference between democracy and
other forms of government through comparative analysis, and
3. describe the relationship between the emergence and progression of
trends and democracy.

• Overview of the Topic

Democracy effectively inhibits many of the roadblocksto the progression
of trends such as the unregulated intervention of the government and
the Church. In the following discussions, you will be introduced to the
notion of democracy as well as other forms of government that can be
considered in overseeing a state

START OF THE DISCUSSION

WHAT IS DEMOCRACY?
- Reported by Jezxha Mae Maranga

3rd – 4th slide

• Democracy
- It is from the greek word demos, which means “the people”.
- Kratein, which means to “rule by the people”.
 Explanation:
- Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the
people is said by Abraham Lincoln. Democracy can be thought of as
“Power of the People”. Therefore, the most basic outcome of democracy
should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the
citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.

5th – 7th slide

• Two forms of Democracy
Direct Democracy – The citizens come together to decide on issues or
pass laws through a vote.

Explanation: It is sometimes called “Pure Democracy”. Is a form of

democracy in which all laws and policies imposed by governments are
determined by the people themselves, rather than by representatives
whom the people elect.

Indirect Democracy – The people elect their leaders to act as

representatives in the government.

Explanation: It is a system of government in which the people elect

representatives to make policies and laws for them, it is also known as
a Republic. The Philippines is a one example of indirect democracy
because it is modeled on the U.S system.

Summary
- Democracy is about people governing themselves. It gives individuals the power to
shape their future collectively. Whether directly participating or through elected
representatives, democracy empowers citizens. It ensures governance is responsive,
accountable, and reflects the people's will.

ELEMENTS OF MODERN DEMOCRACY

- Reported by Jezxha Mae Maranga and Andrei Velvic Cuenca

8th – 21st slide

Modern Democracy has Six Fundamental Elements:

1. Rule of Law
2. Separation of Powers
3. Basic Rights and Freedoms
4. Suffrage
5. Freedom of Speech
6. Pluralism
 Explanation: Modern-day democracy, as practices in many countries all
over the world, is comprised of six fundamental elements. France and
USA are rightly considered the birth places of modern democracy,
George Washington is the Father of Modern Democracy.

• Rule of Law
- It is the heart of any democratic government.

Explanation: It is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within

a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws,
including lawmakers and leaders. It is sometimes stated simply as “No
one is above the law”. This entails that no one is above the law and that
the laws are intended to serve the public goods rather than private
interests.

• Separation of Powers
- The powers should be distributed within the government as well to
make provisions for checks and balances.

Explanation: It is important to spread out power in the government too.

This helps prevent one person or group from getting too much control
and turning the country into a dictatorship.

- There are Three Separate Powers of Government; Executive,

Legislative, and Judiciary.

Explanation: Executive power enforces the law. Legislative power

make the laws. Judiciary power interpret the laws.

- Democratic Governments can be patterned after three different

systems;
Presidential System - The citizens elect a President who serves as the
head of state and government.
Parliamentary System – The Exective branch is typically intertwined with
the Legislative branch.
Mixed System – It combines elements of both Presidential and
Parliamentary systems.

• Basic Rights and Freedom

- These rights can be broadly categorized into human rights, civil rights,
and political rights.

Explanation: It is the fundamental entitlements and liberties that every

individual should possess, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or
nationality.
 • Suffrage
- The right of every citizen to participate in elections by casting a vote.

Explanation: It ensures citizens have a say in the governance of their

country and the selection of their representatives.

• Freedom of Speech
- It ensures that the citizens are able to voice out their concerns to their
government.

Explanation: The right to express their opinions, thoughts, ideas, and

beliefs without of cencorship, retaliation, or punishment from the
government or other entities.

• Pluralism
- The people are entitled to diverse beliefs and opinions

Explanation: It embraces and respects diversity, allowing the

coexistence of different beliefs, values, cultures, and perspectives.

Summary
- These elements make up modern democracy, ensuring that leaders are accountable,
people can participate, and individual rights are protected.

DEMOCRACY AND OTHER FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

- Reported by Andrei Velvic Cuenca

22nd – 40th Slide

• Anarchy
- It is wherein no existing government takes charge.

• Aristocracy
- The people are ruled by members of the nobility or those belong in
upper class.

• Capitalism
- The people are allowed to own properties or businesses for purposes
of profit.

• Communism
- The idea is to arrive at a classless society through the equal sharing of
goods by the people.
• Constitutional Monarchy
- A democratic government exists side by side with a monarchy.

• Democracy
- The power to rule resides in the people.

• Despotism
The people are governed by a single individual who treats the people as
slaves.

• Dictatorship
- The people are governed by an individual who has absolute governing
power.

• Federalism
- The governing power is shared between a central government and a
group of regional and local governments.

• Monarchy
The people are ruled by a Monarch (a King or Queen).

• Oligarchy
- It is ruled by a few people who are wealthy or powerful.

• Regional or Local
- It is ruled by a small group of leaders whose power is limited within their
confines.

• Republic
The people are not ruled by a monarch but by an elected president.

• Revolutionary
- The existing government has been overthrown by revolutionary forces.

• Socialism
- The government administered the distribution of goods and basic
utilities such as electricty and water.

• Timocracy
- Leaders are chosen on the basis of being honorable.

• Totalitarian
- It is only a single political party is recognized

• Transitional
 - When a country is undergoing transition from on form of government to
another.

• Tyranny
- The people are ruled by a wealthy person who wields the power to rule.

Summary
- Each form of government has distinct characteristics and implications for governance
and society.

THE DIMENSIONS OF DEMOCRACY

- Reported by Asjmir Fernandez and John Paul Cadon

• The People
- It is a collective group of individuals with varying political and religious
beliefs.

Explanation: It advocates for equal rights and opportunities for all

individuals, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or other
identities.

• Equality
- The people of a democratic hation having an equal right to rule and an
equal right to vote.

Explanation: It refers to the state of being equal in status, rights,

opportunities, treatment, and access to resources for all individuals.

• Common Good
- The government then, is by the people and for the people.

Explanation: It refers to the overall welfare, well-being, and interests of

the entire community or society rather than just individual interests.

• Representation
- The representatives are the ones who are authorized to take the
appropriate and necessary actions within the government.

Explanation: It refers to the act of speaking or acting on behalf of

someone or something.

Summary
- The pillars of democracy are inclusive participation, equality, community welfare, and
effective representation. They highlight the importance of everyone having a say,
equal rights, the well-being of society, and leaders who speak for their constituents.
END OF THE DISCUSSION