ENVIRONMENT

AT A GLANCE
SERIES
EMISSIONS MONITORING OPTIONS
The CORSIA SARPs request an aeroplane operator to monitor and record its fuel use from international
flights to determine its annual CO 2 emissions, in accordance with an eligible monitoring method approved by
the State to which it is attributed.

To simplify the estimation and reporting of CO2 emissions from international flights for operators with low
level of activity, ICAO has developed the CORSIA CO2 Estimation and Reporting Tool (CERT).

ICAO CORSIA CO2

CERT supports aeroplane operators in:
• Estimating CO 2 emissions.
• Populating the Emissions Monitoring Plan and Emissions Report templates.

CERT also supports all aeroplane operators in determining if their total CO2 emissions are under the
threshold to be exempt from the CORSIA reporting requirements (≤ 10 000 tonnes of CO2 annually).
From 2021 onwards, aeroplane operators with annual emissions from international flights subject to
offsetting requirements who emit ≥ 50 000 tonnes of CO2 are not eligible to use CERT to monitor and report
emissions, and must choose one of the five eligible methods for Fuel Use Monitoring (the five methods are
equivalent and there is no hierarchy for selecting a method).
All aeroplane operators can use CERT to estimate CO2 emissions not subject to offsetting requirements
regardless of the level of these emissions, and to fill CO2 emissions data gaps. A State can use the CERT to
estimate CO2 emissions for an operator if the operator does not submit its annual Emissions Report in
accordance with the timeline in Appendix 1 to Annex 16, Volume IV.

Aeroplane Operators International CO2 Emissions (tonnes)

CERT 2021– 2035*

≤ 10K CO2 < 50K CO2 ≥ 50K CO2

Function / Use (subject to offsetting (subject to offsetting
(total annual emissions)
requirements) requirements)

Preliminary CO2 Assessment

CO2 Estimation & Reporting No CORSIA requirement Not Eligible to use CERT

Filling Data Gaps No CORSIA requirement

*Note: for 2019 and 2020, operators were able to use CERT to estimate and report emissions if their total annual emissions were < 500 000 tonnes of CO2.
 This flow diagram presents a decision tree for an aeroplane operator to determine whether they are
eligible to use the ICAO CORSIA CO2 Estimation and Reporting Tool (CERT), or shall use one of the
eligible Fuel Use Monitoring Methods, to monitor and report their CO2 emissions for international
flights from 2021 onwards.

DECISION TREE FOR

(2021–2035)

CERT
Information on all ICAO CORSIA
international flights CO2 Estimation and Reporting Tool
(per aeroplane operator per year)
(accessible through the ICAO CORSIA website)

Total No compliance
annual CO2 emissions requirement
Yes
less than or equal to under CORSIA
10 000 tonnes? Scope of Applicability
of Annex 16, Volume IV,
FUEL USE MONITORING METHODS Part II, Chapter 2

No
Method A

Method B Total annual

CO2 emissions subject
Block-off / Block-on Yes to offsetting requirements No Eligible to use
greater than or equal to CERT results
Choose one 50 000 tonnes?
Fuel Uplift of the eligible
monitoring
Fuel Allocation with Block Hour methods

Fuel Use
Calculate CO2 emissions Monitored and reported
Fuel Conversion Factor CO2 emissions from
= 3.16 kg CO2/kg fuel (Jet-A fuel) international flights
and
= 3.10 kg CO2/kg fuel (AvGas or Jet-B fuel)

The information on actions for CORSIA implementation contained herein is based on the relevant provisions of Annex 16, Volume IV (Standards and Recommended
© ICAO 2023

Practices relating to CORSIA) and Environmental Technical Manual (DOC 9501), Volume IV, as well as other relevant decisions by the ICAO Assembly and Council.
All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but ICAO makes no warranties in relation to the information contained herein and assumes no responsibility
or liability arising in connection with its use or misuse.