EMERGENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY

❖ INTEGRAL YOGA
• Yoga is an ancient Indian way of life which includes the practice of certain postures
(asanas), regulated breathing (pranayamas), and meditation.
• The word ‘Yoga’ has originally been derived from the Sanskrit word ‘yuj’ which means
‘to unite’ or ‘to join’ The union of body, mind and soul.
• Yoga is not mere performing asanas but it is much deeper than that.
• It is a great tool to keep oneself physically fit, mentally sound, socially adjustable, and
emotionally balanced and it also prepares ground for the spiritual development of an
individual.
• Yoga has been considered to have its roots in India thousands of years ago.The fossil
remains of Indus Valley Civilization indicate that yoga was prevalent in ancient India.
• The systematic philosophical reference of yoga is found in Maharishi Patanjali’s Yoga
Sutra.
• Patanjali gave a frame to yoga and after that many yogis and researchers contributed and
continuing to find out the ways towards its development.

➢ YOGIC PHILOSOPHY
• According to the yogic philosophy the whole universe can be divided into 2 main
categories:

Prakriti (Maya or Illusion) and Purusha (Reality).

• According to this prakriti everything which is changeable, which is not infinite, is part of
Maya, which means nature, principle of matter or substance.
• Purusha on the other hand is the only reality, it is the universe’s only unchangeable
element: the Self, the soul.
• Everything within Prakriti, the illusionary world, consists of three gunas (qualities).
• These three qualities are present in all objects in various degrees, one quality is always
more present or dominant then the others.
• The three gunas are Sattva (purity), Rajas (activity) and Tamas (darkness, destruction).
Gunas are present in everything; humans, food, animate and innate objects, However the
mind is very unstable and can fluctuate very easily from one predominant guna to
another. Whichever guna is predominating will affect how we perceive the world around
us.

➢ Types of yoga

Hatha Yoga
• The term Hatha Yoga has been commonly used to describe the practice of asana (postures).
The syllable 'ha' denotes the pranic (vital) force governing the physical body and 'tha'
denotes the chitta (mental) force. Hatha Yoga a catalyst to an awakening of the two
energies that govern our lives.
• More correctly the techniques described in Hatha Yoga harmonise and purify the body
systems and focus the mind.
Jana Yoga
• Jnana in the context of yoga it means the process of meditative awareness which leads to
illuminative wisdom.
• It is not a method by which we try to find rational answers to eternal questions, rather it is
a part of meditation leading to self-enquiry and self-realisation.
Bhakti Yoga
• Bhakti is a Yoga of devotion or complete faith. This faith is generally in the God or supreme
consciousness in any of the forms.
• Important thing is the person interested in following this path should have very strong
emotional bond with the object of faith. The flow of emotional energy is directed to this
object. Mostly people suppress their emotions and that often reflects in the form of physical
and mental disorders. This Bhakti Yoga releases those suppressed emotions and brings the
purification of inner self.
Kundalini Yoga
• This system of Yoga is concerned with awakening of the psychic centers or chakras, which
exists in every individual.
• Specific meditation and breathing techniques are used to tap the kundalini energy and these
practices are known as Laya yoga.
 Karma Yoga
• Karma Yoga is a path of devotion to the work. Generally some rewards or incentives or
outcome follows the work and one is attached to this reward or incentive. Selflessly
involvement in the work, which change in mental attitude, it becomes spiritual, also the
individual becomes expert, skilled and Yogi.
Swara Yoga
• Swara is Sanskrit word, meaning sound or note. It is also a continuous flow of air through
one nostril.
• Yoga means union, so Swara yoga is a science which is realization of cosmic consciousness
through control and manipulation of breath. Swara yoga is a type of yoga that emphazise
the study, control, and manipulation of breath as a means to achieve self realization. It is
related to pranayama but broader than pranayama, which only related to breath control.
Mantra Yoga
• It also be referred to as Japa Yoga, engaging the mind through focusing on sound, duration
and number of repetitions. Repetitions of mantras is a means to closer to the divinity with,
and it create positive vibrations, move into a more pure state of consciousness.
Kriya Yoga
• Kriya Yoga is an ancient type of meditation technique of energy or pranayama. It is part of
a comprehensive spiritual path, which includes additional meditation practice along with
rIght living.
Raja Yoga
• Raja Yoga usually refers to the system of yoga that is described in the Yoga Sutras of Sage
Patanjali.
• In this ancient text Sage Patanjali describes eight stages of yoga which are known
collectively as Raja Yoga.
Patajali Yoga
• ‘Patanjali’s ‘Yoga-sutras are the first and foremost systematic and authoritative
presentations of yoga in both its theoretical and practical aspects.
• The basis of Ashtanga yoga is the Yoga sutras of Patanjali.
These eight fold path are as follows

1. Yama (social disciplines)

2. Niyama (Personal Disciplines)
 3. Asana (Yoga Positions or Yogic Postures)
4. Pranayama (Yogic Breathing)
5. Pratyahara (Withdrawal of Senses)
6. Dharana (Concentration on Object)
7. Dhyana (Meditation)
8. Samadhi (Self realization)
➢ Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutras consist of four parts. These are;
1. Samadhipada
2. Sadhanapada
3. Vibhutipada
4. Kaivalyapada
➢ The first is called samadhi-pada which deals with the nature and aim of concentration.
➢ The second, sadhanapada, explains the means to realize this end.
➢ The third, vibhutipada, deals with the supra-normal powers which can be acquired through
Yoga, which elucidates the concept how to achieve the supra-normal powers and in which
ways yoga helps it.
➢ The fourth, kaivalyapada, describes the nature of liberation and spiritual union with the
supreme soul/self.

❖ PSYCHOLOGY OF YOGA
• The most important element in the psychology of yoga is citta. ‘Citta’ means the three
internal organs as - buddhi or intellect, ahamkara or ego, and manas or mind. On the
account of Yoga philosophy, citta has different stages and various forms.
Stages of Citta

There are five stages of citta called as ‘citta bhumi’.

1. Ksipta (Restless)

• This is the first-stage of citta. In this stage citta is very much distributed and. For example,
Citta of those intoxicated by the poattached with worldly objectsssession of power and
money.
2. Mudha (Torpid)

• In this stage, tamas dominates the other two gunas; sattva and rajas. They feel sleepy and
dull, feel tired and not willing to engage with life.

3. Viksipta (Distracted)

• This is the third stage of citta where sattva guna dominates the other two gunas. They are
temporary distracted and steady, In this stage yoga begins and citta tries to attain god or
supreme soul, as commit to work hard towards finding healthy and balanced life. If
experience a painful situation ,choose to withdraw and go back to old habits.

4. Ekagra (concentrated)

• This is the fourth stage of Citta. In this stage, citta is fixed to some object due to the sattva
preponderance. It is known as ekagra. For example, the flame of a candle light remains
always pointing up without flicking, that is the mind remains focused on one object.

5. Niruddha (Restricted)

• The fifth and final stage of citta is niruddha. In this stage the impressions remain in the citta
after the cession of modifications. The mind is not distracted by random thoughts and is
fully absorbed in the object of concentration. This stage is known as yoga.